Gait Analysis and Fall Risk Assessment in Different Age Groups: A Comparative Study †
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Gait Analysis
- Walking on a straight flat surface from the starting point to the endpoint for 4.2 m (Figure 1).
- Walking at a natural pace.
- Walking with a normal and relaxed walking posture as in daily life, avoiding any stiff movements.
- Shoes and a face mask were not worn while walking.
- A plain-colored outfit with minimal patterns was worn.
- Test walking using the GaitBEST program. In the program, the Guest user account was selected to prevent the program from saving the walking data of the volunteers for a test walk.
- Walking was tested one or two times, or as per the volunteer’s preference to become familiar with the walking procedure.
- Walking was recorded GaitBEST.
- The test was repeated five times. Volunteers took a break between each test. Once they were ready, the next walking test proceeded.
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussions
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | Mean | Range |
---|---|---|
Age (year) | 23 | 22–27 |
Heights (cm) | 164 | 153–181 |
Weight (kg) | 59 | 42–105 |
BMI * (kg/m2) | 21.59 | 17.19–33.14 |
Characteristics | Mean | Range |
---|---|---|
Age (year) | 56 | 50–61 |
Heights (cm) | 161 | 150–175 |
Weight (kg) | 74 | 56–110 |
BMI * (kg/m2) | 28.02 | 23.44–35.92 |
Parameters | Range of Average Data | |
---|---|---|
Volunteers Aged 20–39 Years | Volunteers Aged 50 Years and Above | |
Balance (The higher the grade, the healthier. (Grade: 1–5)) | ||
Head sway range | 1.8–4.6 | 1.6–4.0 |
Head tilt range | 2.6–4.8 | 1.6–4.2 |
Pelvis tilt range | 2.4–4.0 | 1.4–4.0 |
Shoulder obliquity max | 4.4–5 | 4.2–5 |
Spatiotemporal | ||
Cadence (step/s) | 1.82–2.05 | 1.71–2.30 |
Speed (m/s) | 0.95–1.22 | 0.82–1.32 |
Stride length (m) | 1.03–1.28 | 0.93–1.18 |
Step length (m) | 0.51–0.64 | 0.47–0.59 |
Range of Motion of Knee | ||
Right knee ROM (deg) | 19.04–65.82 | 32.05–57.28 |
Left knee ROM (deg) | 28.79–127.94 | 42.71–54.53 |
Health Risk Score | ||
Risk of falling (%) | 1.54–2.57 | 1.46–4.00 |
Functional loss (%) | 3.08–5.51 | 2.92–8.28 |
Parameters | Class 1 | S.D. | df | t Stat | p (T ≤ t) Two-Tail | t Critical Two-Tail | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Head sway range | 1 | 3.18 | 1.62 | 98 | 2.707 | 0.008 * | 1.984 |
2 | 2.48 | 1.72 | |||||
Head tilt range | 1 | 3.8 | 1.84 | 97 | 2.396 | 0.018 * | 1.985 |
2 | 3.12 | 2.19 | |||||
Pelvis tilt range | 1 | 3.24 | 2.06 | 95 | 3.101 | 0.003 * | 1.985 |
2 | 2.42 | 1.43 | |||||
Shoulder obliquity max | 1 | 4.86 | 0.12 | 73 | 0.185 | 0.854 | 1.993 |
2 | 4.84 | 0.46 | |||||
Cadence (step/s) | 1 | 1.92 | 0.03 | 88 | –1.180 | 0.241 | 1.987 |
2 | 1.96 | 0.06 | |||||
Speed (m/s) | 1 | 1.07 | 0.02 | 86 | 1.434 | 0.155 | 1.988 |
2 | 1.02 | 0.04 | |||||
Stride length (m) | 1 | 1.12 | 0.01 | 95 | 3.297 | 0.001 * | 1.985 |
2 | 1.04 | 0.02 | |||||
Step length (m) | 1 | 0.56 | 0.003 | 95 | 3.281 | 0.001 * | 1.985 |
2 | 0.52 | 0.004 | |||||
Right knee ROM (deg) | 1 | 47.98 | 334.12 | 90 | −0.617 | 0.539 | 1.987 |
2 | 49.97 | 182.33 | |||||
Left knee ROM (deg) | 1 | 55.80 | 2894.28 | 56 | 0.811 | 0.421 | 2.003 |
2 | 49.41 | 208.91 | |||||
Risk of falling (%) | 1 | 1.90 | 0.45 | 78 | −2.365 | 0.021 * | 1.991 |
2 | 1.35 | 1.38 | |||||
Functional loss (%) | 1 | 4.00 | 2.36 | 82 | −2.316 | 0.023* | 1.989 |
2 | 4.95 | 6.12 |
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Sukpramote, T.; Senavongse, W. Gait Analysis and Fall Risk Assessment in Different Age Groups: A Comparative Study. Eng. Proc. 2024, 74, 19. https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024074019
Sukpramote T, Senavongse W. Gait Analysis and Fall Risk Assessment in Different Age Groups: A Comparative Study. Engineering Proceedings. 2024; 74(1):19. https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024074019
Chicago/Turabian StyleSukpramote, Thanaporn, and Wongwit Senavongse. 2024. "Gait Analysis and Fall Risk Assessment in Different Age Groups: A Comparative Study" Engineering Proceedings 74, no. 1: 19. https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024074019