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Abstract

Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanozymes for Synergistic Cancer Treatment †

by
Lúcia A. A. Costa
1,
Marta Mateus
1,
João Paulo Borges
1,*,
Jorge Carvalho Silva
2,
Susana Barreiros
3,* and
Paula I. P. Soares
1,*
1
i3N/CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
2
i3N/CENIMAT, Department of Physics, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
3
LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Presented at the Materiais 2022, Marinha Grande, Portugal, 10–13 April 2022.
Mater. Proc. 2022, 8(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2022008003
Published: 17 May 2022
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of MATERIAIS 2022)
Versions Notes

Despite the great advances in cancer treatment options, cancer incidence and associated mortality continue to be major health concerns worldwide. Conventional therapies such as surgery, radio-, and chemotherapy, although effective in most cases, are usually associated with partial, brief, and unpredictable tumor response. Thus, there is an urge to improve the quality and specificity of treatments. The development of new cancer treatment options aims to decrease the delay between treatments, consequently improving patient care by personalizing cancer approaches. Therefore, one of the most common platforms used is superparamagnetic oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). The iron oxide core can act as a heat source, being used in magnetic hyperthermia due to the increase in its bulk temperature and the surroundings when an alternating magnetic field is applied [1,2]. Along with the known properties of SPIONs, these nanoparticles can mimic enzymatic activities, such as those of peroxidase and of catalase. The latter converts hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen, helping overcome the hypoxia present in tumor tissues. Another way to boost catalase activity and consequently improve hyperthermia outcomes is to functionalize SPIONs with the enzyme catalase to overcome hypoxia in situ.
The SPION surface was modified and extensively characterized [3,4]. The enzyme-like activity of peroxidase and catalase of coated nanoparticles was also evaluated. After this characterization, catalase was immobilized onto the nanoparticle surface. The immobilization complexes were submitted to magnetic hyperthermia, and the temperature variations showed it to be possible to achieve the hyperthermic temperature of 42 °C. Finally, the complexes’ cytotoxicity was assessed using both a non-tumoral and a tumoral cell line. The results demonstrated that the SPIONs developed are promising agents for cancer treatment through a combination of enzymatic activity and magnetic hyperthermia.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization, P.I.P.S., L.A.A.C. and S.B.; methodology, L.A.A.C. and M.M.; validation, P.I.P.S. and S.B., formal analysis, L.A.A.C.; writing—original draft preparation, L.A.A.C. and P.I.P.S.; writing—review and editing, M.M., J.P.B., J.C.S. and S.B.; supervision, P.I.P.S., S.B. and J.C.S.; funding acquisition, All. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Funding

This work is co-financed by FEDER, European funds, through the COMPETE 2020 POCI and PORL, National Funds through FCT—Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology and POR Lisboa2020, under the project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007688, reference UIDB/50025/2020-2023, project DREaMM, reference PTDC/CTM-CTM/30623/2017, and project UID/QUI/50006/2020 of the Associate Laboratory for Green Chemistry-LAQV. P.S. also acknowledges the individual contract CEECIND.03189.2020.

Institutional Review Board Statement

Not applicable.

Informed Consent Statement

Not applicable.

Data Availability Statement

Not applicable.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

References

  1. Soares, P.I.P.; Romão, J.; Matos, R.; Silva, J.C.; Borges, J.P. Design and engineering of magneto-responsive devices for cancer theranostics: Nano to macro perspective. Prog. Mater. Sci. 2021, 116, 100742. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  2. Soares, P.I.P.; Machado, D.; Laia, C.; Pereira, L.C.; Coutinho, J.T.; Ferreira, I.M.; Novo, C.M.; Borges, J.P. Thermal and magnetic properties of chitosan-iron oxide nanoparticles. Carbohydr. Polym. 2016, 149, 382–390. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  3. Chaparro, C.I.; Loureiro, L.R.; Valente, M.A.; Videira, P.A.; Borges, J.P.; Soares, P.I.P. Application of Hyperthermia for Cancer Treatment: Synthesis and Characterization of Magnetic Nanoparticles and their internalization on Tumor Cell Lines. In Proceedings of the IEEE 6th Portuguese Meeting on Bioengineering (ENBENG), Lisbon, Portugal, 22–23 February 2019; pp. 1–4. [Google Scholar]
  4. Matos, R.J.; Chaparro, C.I.; Silva, J.C.; Valente, M.A.; Borges, J.P.; Soares, P.I.P. Electrospun composite cellulose acetate/iron oxide nanoparticles non-woven membranes for magnetic hyperthermia applications. Carbohydr. Polym. 2018, 198, 9–16. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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MDPI and ACS Style

Costa, L.A.A.; Mateus, M.; Borges, J.P.; Silva, J.C.; Barreiros, S.; Soares, P.I.P. Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanozymes for Synergistic Cancer Treatment. Mater. Proc. 2022, 8, 3. https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2022008003

AMA Style

Costa LAA, Mateus M, Borges JP, Silva JC, Barreiros S, Soares PIP. Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanozymes for Synergistic Cancer Treatment. Materials Proceedings. 2022; 8(1):3. https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2022008003

Chicago/Turabian Style

Costa, Lúcia A. A., Marta Mateus, João Paulo Borges, Jorge Carvalho Silva, Susana Barreiros, and Paula I. P. Soares. 2022. "Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanozymes for Synergistic Cancer Treatment" Materials Proceedings 8, no. 1: 3. https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2022008003

APA Style

Costa, L. A. A., Mateus, M., Borges, J. P., Silva, J. C., Barreiros, S., & Soares, P. I. P. (2022). Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanozymes for Synergistic Cancer Treatment. Materials Proceedings, 8(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2022008003

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