Interplay between Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children, Interleukin 6, Microbiome, and Gut Barrier Integrity
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. MIS-C Clinical Characteristics
3. The GM Supports Barrier Protection Functionality
4. The Link between Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis and MIS-C
4.1. SARS-CoV-2 Infection Impairs Gut Barrier Integrity by Inducing Zonulin Release
4.2. Bacteriophage-like Behavior of SARS-CoV-2 and MIS-C
4.3. The Superantigen Hypothesis of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein
5. The Link between IL-6 Levels, Gut Barrier Integrity, and MIS-C
6. Preventive and Therapeutic Strategies for MIS-C
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Zari, A.; Redwan, E.M.; Raszek, M.; Cowley, D.; Hromić-Jahjefendić, A.; Uversky, V.N.; Fabrowski, M.; Brogna, C.; Piscopo, M.; Rubio-Casillas, A. Interplay between Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children, Interleukin 6, Microbiome, and Gut Barrier Integrity. Immuno 2024, 4, 226-246. https://doi.org/10.3390/immuno4030015
Zari A, Redwan EM, Raszek M, Cowley D, Hromić-Jahjefendić A, Uversky VN, Fabrowski M, Brogna C, Piscopo M, Rubio-Casillas A. Interplay between Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children, Interleukin 6, Microbiome, and Gut Barrier Integrity. Immuno. 2024; 4(3):226-246. https://doi.org/10.3390/immuno4030015
Chicago/Turabian StyleZari, Ali, Elrashdy M. Redwan, Mikolaj Raszek, David Cowley, Altijana Hromić-Jahjefendić, Vladimir N. Uversky, Mark Fabrowski, Carlo Brogna, Marina Piscopo, and Alberto Rubio-Casillas. 2024. "Interplay between Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children, Interleukin 6, Microbiome, and Gut Barrier Integrity" Immuno 4, no. 3: 226-246. https://doi.org/10.3390/immuno4030015