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Review

RGM Family Involved in the Regulation of Hepcidin Expression in Anemia of Chronic Disease

by
Takako Fujii
1,
Kumi Kobayashi
2,3,
Masaki Kaneko
4,5,
Shion Osana
1,
Cheng-Ta Tsai
4,5,6,
Susumu Ito
7 and
Katsuhiko Hata
1,6,8,9,*
1
Department of Sports and Medical Science, Graduate School of Emergency Medical System, Kokushikan University, Tokyo 206-8515, Japan
2
Graduate School of Public Health, Teikyo University, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
3
School Health Department, Yokohama Education Professional Training College, Kanagawa, Yokohama 222-0024, Japan
4
The Institute of Physical Education, Kokushikan University, Tokyo 206-8515, Japan
5
KYB Medical Service Co., Ltd., Tokyo 150-0011, Japan
6
Department of Neuroscience, Research Center for Mathematical Medicine, Tokyo 183-0014, Japan
7
High-Tech Research Centre, Kokushikan University, Tokyo 154-8515, Japan
8
Department of Physics, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
9
Department of Neuroscience, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Immuno 2024, 4(3), 266-285; https://doi.org/10.3390/immuno4030017
Submission received: 8 July 2024 / Revised: 21 August 2024 / Accepted: 26 August 2024 / Published: 28 August 2024
(This article belongs to the Section Innate Immunity and Inflammation)
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Abstract

The persistent production of inflammatory cytokines causes anemia of chronic disease (ACD). Playing a central role in the pathophysiology of ACD is hepcidin, a key regulator of iron metabolism. The regulation of hepcidin expression is a complex process intricately controlled by multiple pathways. These include the BMP/SMAD, the HFE–TFR2, and the IL-6/STAT3 pathway, each playing a significant role in this regulation. We detail the critical role of the repulsive guidance molecule (RGM) family, especially hemojuvelin (HJV/RGMc), in regulating hepcidin expression in ACD. HJV functions as a co-receptor for BMPs and positively regulates hepcidin expression. RGMa and RGMb may also regulate hepcidin expression and inflammatory responses. RGM family proteins play essential roles in the interplay between inflammation, iron metabolism, and the immune system, and elucidating them could lead to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of ACD and the development of new therapeutic strategies.
Keywords: anemia of chronic disease (ACD); hemojuvelin (HJV); hepcidin; repulsive guidance molecule (RGM) anemia of chronic disease (ACD); hemojuvelin (HJV); hepcidin; repulsive guidance molecule (RGM)

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MDPI and ACS Style

Fujii, T.; Kobayashi, K.; Kaneko, M.; Osana, S.; Tsai, C.-T.; Ito, S.; Hata, K. RGM Family Involved in the Regulation of Hepcidin Expression in Anemia of Chronic Disease. Immuno 2024, 4, 266-285. https://doi.org/10.3390/immuno4030017

AMA Style

Fujii T, Kobayashi K, Kaneko M, Osana S, Tsai C-T, Ito S, Hata K. RGM Family Involved in the Regulation of Hepcidin Expression in Anemia of Chronic Disease. Immuno. 2024; 4(3):266-285. https://doi.org/10.3390/immuno4030017

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fujii, Takako, Kumi Kobayashi, Masaki Kaneko, Shion Osana, Cheng-Ta Tsai, Susumu Ito, and Katsuhiko Hata. 2024. "RGM Family Involved in the Regulation of Hepcidin Expression in Anemia of Chronic Disease" Immuno 4, no. 3: 266-285. https://doi.org/10.3390/immuno4030017

APA Style

Fujii, T., Kobayashi, K., Kaneko, M., Osana, S., Tsai, C.-T., Ito, S., & Hata, K. (2024). RGM Family Involved in the Regulation of Hepcidin Expression in Anemia of Chronic Disease. Immuno, 4(3), 266-285. https://doi.org/10.3390/immuno4030017

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