Taxonomy

8 pages, 675 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Molecular Characterization of Spirometra decipiens Complex (Eucestoda: Diphyllobothriidea) from Uruguay

by María Teresa Armúa-Fernández, Mauricio Burutarán, Valentin Bazzano, María Laura Félix, Oscar Castro and José Manuel Venzal

Taxonomy 2021, 1(3), 270-277; https://doi.org/10.3390/taxonomy1030021 - 21 Sep 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2701

Abstract

This study used a partial sequence of the mitochondrial cox1 gene for the reconstruction of the interrelationship of the adult and larval stages of Spirometra obtained from Cerdocyon thous, Leopardus munoai, Canis familiaris, Didelphis albiventris and Philodryas patagoniensis in Uruguay. [...] Read more.

This study used a partial sequence of the mitochondrial cox1 gene for the reconstruction of the interrelationship of the adult and larval stages of Spirometra obtained from Cerdocyon thous, Leopardus munoai, Canis familiaris, Didelphis albiventris and Philodryas patagoniensis in Uruguay. The phylogenetic analysis showed that they were grouped with Spirometra decipiens from the Americas with a high bootstrap support. According to recent studies, American Spirometra species split into two S. decipiens complexes. Our findings strongly suggest that S. decipiens complex 1 is widely distributed in South America, and that wild and domestic canids are definitive hosts. Most of the samples (n = 10) grouped adults and plerocercoids that were retrieved from mammals and reptiles and seem to be the same taxon found in a Lycalopex gymnocercus from Argentina. A second clade was formed with Spirometra sp. found in a L. munoai as well as other wild felids such as a Puma concolor and a Leopardus pardalis (both from Argentina). On the other hand, S. decipiens complex 2 is present in South America and North America. South American clade parasitizes wild (and possibly domestic) felids and reptiles as definitive and intermediate hosts, respectively, whereas the North American clade found in snakes and captive meerkats (acting either as second intermediate or paratenic hosts) has unconfirmed definitive hosts. Full article

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5 pages, 191 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Validation of Three Species of Spongicolid Shrimp of New Zealand: Spongicoloides clarki Schnabel, Kou & Xu, S. sonne Schnabel, Kou & Xu and Spongiocaris antipodes Schnabel, Kou & Xu (Crustacea: Decapoda: Stenopodidea)

by Kareen E. Schnabel, Qi Kou and Peng Xu

Taxonomy 2021, 1(3), 266-269; https://doi.org/10.3390/taxonomy1030020 - 9 Sep 2021

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Abstract

Schnabel, Kou & Xu reported three new species of spongicolid shrimp from New Zealand. The present note, with ZooBank registrations, serve to validate the names Spongicoloides clarki, S. sonne and Spongiocaris antipodes by fulfilling Code conditions for nomenclatural availability. As such, the [...] Read more.

Schnabel, Kou & Xu reported three new species of spongicolid shrimp from New Zealand. The present note, with ZooBank registrations, serve to validate the names Spongicoloides clarki, S. sonne and Spongiocaris antipodes by fulfilling Code conditions for nomenclatural availability. As such, the date and authorship of the species names take the date of publication of this note. Specimens are deposited at the National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research, Wellington (NIWA) and the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Wellington (NMNZ). Full article

10 pages, 1625 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Finding Hidden Outliers to Promote the Consistency of Key Morphological Traits and Phylogeny in Dennstaedtiaceae

by Ting Wang, Li Liu, Jun-Jie Luo, Yu-Feng Gu, Si-Si Chen, Bing Liu, Hui Shang and Yue-Hong Yan

Taxonomy 2021, 1(3), 256-265; https://doi.org/10.3390/taxonomy1030019 - 23 Aug 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3099

Abstract

With the development of open science and technological innovation, using sharing data and molecular biology techniques in the study of taxonomy and systematics have become a crucial component of plants, which undoubtedly helps us discover more hidden outliers or deal with difficult taxa. [...] Read more.

With the development of open science and technological innovation, using sharing data and molecular biology techniques in the study of taxonomy and systematics have become a crucial component of plants, which undoubtedly helps us discover more hidden outliers or deal with difficult taxa. In this paper, we take Dennstaedtia smithii as an example, based on sharing molecular database, virtual herbarium and plant photo bank, to clarify the outliers that have been hidden in Dennstaedtia and find the key morphological traits with consistent of molecular systematics. In molecular phylogenetic analyses, we used rbcL, rps4, psbA-trnH and trnL-F sequences from 5 new and 49 shared data; the results showed that Dennstaedtia smithii is nested within Microlepia rather than Dennstaedtia. We further studied the morphological characters based on the phylogeny result and found that D. smithii is distinguished from other species of Dennstaedtia by spore ornamentation and the unconnected of grooves between rachis and pinna rachis. According to morphological and molecular phylogenetic studies, our results supported that D. smithii should be a new member of Microlepia and renamed Microlepia smithii (Hook.) Y.H. Yan. Finding hidden outliers can promote the consistency of morphological and molecular phylogenetic results, and make the systematic classification more natural. Full article

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13 pages, 5658 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Ceratozamia aurantiaca (Zamiaceae): A New Cycad Species from the Northern Rainforests of Oaxaca, Mexico

by Miguel Angel Pérez-Farrera, José Said Gutiérrez-Ortega, Jody L. Haynes, Jeff Chemnick, Silvia H. Salas-Morales, Michael Calonje and Andrew P. Vovides

Taxonomy 2021, 1(3), 243-255; https://doi.org/10.3390/taxonomy1030018 - 19 Aug 2021

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 6410

Abstract

Ceratozamia aurantiaca, a new cycad species from Oaxaca, Mexico, is described. The new species is endemic to lowland karst tropical rainforests of the northern mountains (Sierra Norte region). This species is related to C. subroseophylla and C. robusta, together considered part [...] Read more.

Ceratozamia aurantiaca, a new cycad species from Oaxaca, Mexico, is described. The new species is endemic to lowland karst tropical rainforests of the northern mountains (Sierra Norte region). This species is related to C. subroseophylla and C. robusta, together considered part of the C. robusta species complex due to their shared characteristics: robust, upright trunk; large and long leaves with densely armed petioles and linear to subfalcate leaflets; and large megastrobili. Ceratozamia aurantiaca, as the epithet suggests, is easily distinguished from other species by the orange color of its emerging leaves, a trait unique in the genus. Additionally, C. aurantiaca is distinguished from C. subroseophylla and C. robusta by having significantly shorter petioles, wider spacing between leaflets, and wider median leaflets. The taxonomic recognition of this species represents a step toward clarifying species delimitation in the C. robusta complex. Full article

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9 pages, 285 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

British Naturalist Laura Roscoe Thornely (1860–1951), Taxonomist of Hydroids and Bryozoans

by Dale R. Calder

Taxonomy 2021, 1(3), 234-242; https://doi.org/10.3390/taxonomy1030017 - 11 Aug 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2917

Abstract

Laura Roscoe Thornely was born on 6 March 1860 in Blundellsands, Lancashire, England. On approaching age 30, in the late 1880s, she became interested in the taxonomy of hydroids and bryozoans under Prof. W.A. Herdman at University College, Liverpool. Her studies during much [...] Read more.

Laura Roscoe Thornely was born on 6 March 1860 in Blundellsands, Lancashire, England. On approaching age 30, in the late 1880s, she became interested in the taxonomy of hydroids and bryozoans under Prof. W.A. Herdman at University College, Liverpool. Her studies during much of the 1890s were based largely on the relatively well-known fauna of the boreal northeastern North Atlantic Ocean. Around the turn of the century, however, her focus shifted to collections from the species-rich tropical Indo-West Pacific region, the hydroids and bryozoans of which were then little-known. The publications by Thornely on hydroids from the tropical western Pacific, from Sri Lanka, and from the Sudanese Red Sea, the most noteworthy of her works on the group, are still frequently cited. Concurrently, papers were published on the Bryozoa from Northern Ireland, the Indian Ocean, and Antarctica. Overall, she described 70 new species, with 26 of them based on hydroids and 44 on bryozoans; one hydroid species was assigned by her to a new genus. A person of affluent means, the motivation for her research appears to have been pure academic interest; she never held a university appointment or degree. Thornely died on 18 July 1951 at age 91 in Troutbeck, Westmorland, England. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The World of Hydrozoa—Taxonomy, Faunistics and Zoogeography of Hydrozoa)

8 pages, 249 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Mediterranean Subspecies versus Californian Varieties: An Example from Acmispon (Leguminosae, Loteae)

by Dmitry D. Sokoloff, Zoya V. Akulova-Barlow and Rafaël Govaerts

Taxonomy 2021, 1(3), 226-233; https://doi.org/10.3390/taxonomy1030016 - 3 Aug 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2889

Abstract

The tribe Loteae of the family Leguminosae has major centers of diversity in the Mediterranean Region and California. It is used here to illustrate different traditions of taxonomic interpretation of infraspecific variation among researchers in different continents. Recent accounts of European and Mediterranean [...] Read more.

The tribe Loteae of the family Leguminosae has major centers of diversity in the Mediterranean Region and California. It is used here to illustrate different traditions of taxonomic interpretation of infraspecific variation among researchers in different continents. Recent accounts of European and Mediterranean taxa commonly make an emphasis on recognizing subspecies. In contrast, accounts of North American Loteae recognize all infraspecific taxa as varieties. Harmonization of taxonomic concepts across continents is essential for a more accurate representation of data in global biodiversity databases. It is reasonable to use the rank of subspecies for geographically defined infraspecific units with localized zones of intergradation. Such subspecies may be at least partially compatible across continents and taxonomic groups. In the present paper, we discuss taxa traditionally included in or associated with Acmispon glaber (Vogel) Brouillet (=Syrmatium glabrum Vogel) and demonstrate a need for recognizing three species, of which one has three geographically defined subspecies. Required nomenclatural combinations are proposed. It is proposed that subspecies rather than varieties should be recognized in a number of other species of North American Loteae (and other plant groups). Inland subspecies of Acmispon glaber and A. maritimus offer an opportunity for comparative analysis in an eco-evo-devo framework. Full article

16 pages, 5476 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A New Species of Toad (Anura: Bufonidae: Rhinella) from Northern Peru

by Edgar Lehr, Juan C. Cusi, Lily O. Rodriguez, Pablo J. Venegas, Luis A. García-Ayachi and Alessandro Catenazzi

Taxonomy 2021, 1(3), 210-225; https://doi.org/10.3390/taxonomy1030015 - 31 Jul 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 5035

Abstract

We describe a new species of Rhinella from montane forests between 1788 and 2305 m a.s.l. in the Departamentos Amazonas and San Martín, Peru. We tentatively assign the new species to the Rhinella festae species Group based on morphological similarities with its other [...] Read more.

We describe a new species of Rhinella from montane forests between 1788 and 2305 m a.s.l. in the Departamentos Amazonas and San Martín, Peru. We tentatively assign the new species to the Rhinella festae species Group based on morphological similarities with its other 19 members. It is characterised by large size (maximum SVL 91.6 mm in females), a pointed and protruding snout that is posteroventrally inclined, absence of a visible tympanic annulus and tympanic membrane, long parotoid glands in contact with upper eyelid, presence of a dorsolateral row of enlarged tubercles, outer dorsolateral tarsus surface with a subconical ridge of fused tubercles, and absence of subgular vocal sac and vocal slits in males. One specimen from Departamento Amazonas tested positive for Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Full article

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18 pages, 12087 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparative Taxonomic Study of Launaea Cass. (Asteraceae, Cichorioideae) in Egypt

by Ream I. Marzouk, Salama M. El-Darier, Sania A. Kamal and Iman H. Nour

Taxonomy 2021, 1(3), 192-209; https://doi.org/10.3390/taxonomy1030014 - 12 Jul 2021

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 4962

Abstract

Launaea is a polymorphic genus with inter- and intraspecific inconsistencies. The study aimed to revise the classification and identification of Launaea species in Egypt. The study also aimed to assess the inter- and intraspecific variation among taxa using macro- and micromorphological characters. Numerical [...] Read more.

Launaea is a polymorphic genus with inter- and intraspecific inconsistencies. The study aimed to revise the classification and identification of Launaea species in Egypt. The study also aimed to assess the inter- and intraspecific variation among taxa using macro- and micromorphological characters. Numerical analysis was carried out on 156 specimens, which were collected from 63 sites in Egypt. The results revealed that L. arabica, L. capitata, L. intybacea and L. spinosa were significantly (p-value < 2.2 × 10^{−16 ***}) discriminated from the other species at a high dissimilarity level. Launaea acanthodes was correctly identified as Lactuca orientalis. The study supported the inclusion of L. intybacea, L. massauensis and L. nudicaulis within section Microrhynchus, the separation of L. angustifolia and L. arabica in two distinct species. Two biotypes of L. nudicaulis were morphologically differentiated. Launaea fragilis subsp. fragilis showed considerable plasticity and variability in various characters; therefore, L. tenuiloba was considered to be merely an ecotype of L. fragilis. Launaea mucronata comprises two subspecies; cassiniana and mucronata, differentiated by their pappus type, conspicuous secondary ribs of the inner achenes, and the number of spines on the polar area of pollen grains. Full article

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Taxonomy, Volume 1, Issue 3 (September 2021) – 8 articles

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