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Volume 3
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10.3390/covid3050053
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Review

Three Years of COVID-19 Pandemic—Is the Heart Skipping a Beat?

by
Maria-Luiza Luchian
1,
Fabian Demeure
1,
Julien Higny
1,
Yannick Berners
1,
Jean Henry
1,
Antoine Guedes
1,
Gabriel Laurence
1,
Lara Saidane
1,
Alexandra Höcher
2,
Bram Roosens
2,
Steven Droogmans
2,
Bernard Cosyns
2 and
Andreea Motoc
2,*
1
Department of Cardiology, Université Catholique de Louvain, CHU UCL Namur Site Godinne, 5530 Yvoir, Belgium
2
Department of Cardiology, Centrum voor Hart-en Vaatziekten, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
COVID 2023, 3(5), 715-727; https://doi.org/10.3390/covid3050053
Submission received: 4 March 2023 / Revised: 26 April 2023 / Accepted: 2 May 2023 / Published: 4 May 2023
(This article belongs to the Topic New Advances in Pathophysiology and Therapy of COVID-19 and Other Coronavirus Diseases)
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Abstract

In the context of new therapeutic protocols and vaccines developed in the past 3 years, coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) continues to exert an important impact on the healthcare systems worldwide. Age and a history of cardiovascular or respiratory diseases remain relevant in terms of prognosis for all COVID-19 patients, independent of the viral strain, by conveying a worse outcome and increased rates of in-hospital mortality. Previous studies reported heterogenous cardiovascular manifestations in COVID-19 patients from acute myocarditis or myopericarditis, acute coronary syndromes, stress cardiomyopathy, de novo arrhythmias to pulmonary embolism, or in some rare cases, endocarditis. In this review, we assessed the potential acute, in-hospital and long-term cardiac complications in patients diagnosed with COVID-19.
Keywords: COVID-19 cardiovascular complications; myocardial injury; long–COVID COVID-19 cardiovascular complications; myocardial injury; long–COVID
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MDPI and ACS Style

Luchian, M.-L.; Demeure, F.; Higny, J.; Berners, Y.; Henry, J.; Guedes, A.; Laurence, G.; Saidane, L.; Höcher, A.; Roosens, B.; et al. Three Years of COVID-19 Pandemic—Is the Heart Skipping a Beat? COVID 2023, 3, 715-727. https://doi.org/10.3390/covid3050053

AMA Style

Luchian M-L, Demeure F, Higny J, Berners Y, Henry J, Guedes A, Laurence G, Saidane L, Höcher A, Roosens B, et al. Three Years of COVID-19 Pandemic—Is the Heart Skipping a Beat? COVID. 2023; 3(5):715-727. https://doi.org/10.3390/covid3050053

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luchian, Maria-Luiza, Fabian Demeure, Julien Higny, Yannick Berners, Jean Henry, Antoine Guedes, Gabriel Laurence, Lara Saidane, Alexandra Höcher, Bram Roosens, and et al. 2023. "Three Years of COVID-19 Pandemic—Is the Heart Skipping a Beat?" COVID 3, no. 5: 715-727. https://doi.org/10.3390/covid3050053

APA Style

Luchian, M.-L., Demeure, F., Higny, J., Berners, Y., Henry, J., Guedes, A., Laurence, G., Saidane, L., Höcher, A., Roosens, B., Droogmans, S., Cosyns, B., & Motoc, A. (2023). Three Years of COVID-19 Pandemic—Is the Heart Skipping a Beat? COVID, 3(5), 715-727. https://doi.org/10.3390/covid3050053

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