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COVID, Volume 5, Issue 7

2025 July - 17 articles

Cover Story: The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the urgent need for accurate and accessible diagnostic tools, particularly in resource-limited settings where molecular testing may be unavailable. In this study, we describe the development and validation of two in-house ELISA assays using recombinant spike protein subunits S1 and S2 to detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies. Serum samples from RT-qPCR-confirmed cases and pre-pandemic controls were used to evaluate diagnostic performance. The S2-based ELISA demonstrated high specificity, minimal cross-reactivity, and favorable sensitivity, outperforming three commercial kits. These findings support its use in decentralized testing and seroepidemiological surveillance. View this paper
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Articles (17)

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,837 Views
14 Pages

Fear of Dying and Catastrophic Thinking Are Associated with More Severe Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms Following COVID-19 Infection

  • Antonina D. S. Pavilanis,
  • Lara El-Zein,
  • Wenny Fan,
  • Heewon Jang,
  • Emma Leroux and
  • Michael J. L. Sullivan

18 July 2025

Numerous investigations have revealed elevated rates of post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) following COVID-19 infection. This study examined the relation between illness-related and psychosocial variables in the severity of PTSS in individuals pre...

  • Article
  • Open Access
948 Views
11 Pages

Pancreatic Stone Protein and C-Reactive Protein as Biomarkers of Infection in ICU COVID-19 Patients: A LASSO-Based Predictive Study

  • Gabriele Melegari,
  • Federica Arturi,
  • Fabio Gazzotti,
  • Elisabetta Bertellini,
  • Benedetta Berselli,
  • Francesca Coppi,
  • Enrico Giuliani and
  • Alberto Barbieri

14 July 2025

Background: Bacterial infections are frequent complications in critically ill COVID-19 patients, and are associated with increased morbidity, antibiotic use, and healthcare burden. Early and accurate identification of infection remains challenging. P...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,591 Views
15 Pages

Analysis of the Spatiotemporal Spread of COVID-19 in Bahia, Brazil: A Cluster-Based Study, 2020–2022

  • Ramon da Costa Saavedra,
  • Rita Carvalho-Sauer,
  • Maria Yury Travassos Ichihara,
  • Maria da Conceição Nascimento Costa,
  • Enio Silva Soares and
  • Maria Gloria Teixeira

13 July 2025

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic progressed unevenly across the 417 municipalities of Bahia, Brazil. Pinpointing where and when risk peaked is vital for preparing for future emergencies. Methods: We performed an ecological, spatiotemporal study usin...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,098 Views
10 Pages

Development and Validation of ELISA for In Vitro Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 Infection

  • Larissa de Carvalho Medrado Vasconcelos,
  • Leonardo Maia Leony,
  • Ângelo Antônio Oliveira Silva,
  • Aquiles Assunção Camelier,
  • Antônio Carlos Bandeira,
  • Isadora Cristina de Siqueira and
  • Fred Luciano Neves Santos

11 July 2025

(1) Background: The ongoing global health threat posed by SARS-CoV-2 requires reliable and accessible diagnostic tools, especially in resource-limited settings where RT-qPCR may be impractical. This study describes the development and validation of t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3,274 Views
12 Pages

The Feasibility of a Music Therapy Respiratory Telehealth Protocol on Long COVID Respiratory Symptoms

  • Jingwen Zhang,
  • Joanne V. Loewy,
  • Lisa Spielman,
  • Zijian Chen and
  • Jonathan M. Raskin

10 July 2025

Objective: This study aims to investigate the feasibility of an online music therapy protocol for individuals previously diagnosed with COVID-19, focusing on their perceptions of their respiratory symptoms and the intervention’s impact on psych...

  • Brief Report
  • Open Access
1,391 Views
10 Pages

9 July 2025

Background: Breakthrough infections (BTIs) continue to occur among healthcare workers (HCWs) despite full COVID-19 vaccination, raising concerns about ongoing vulnerability in this high-risk group. In addition to initial BTIs, breakthrough reinfectio...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,255 Views
19 Pages

8 July 2025

Severe COVID-19 disproportionately impacts patients with comorbidities such as type 1 diabetes (T1D), type 2 diabetes (T2D), obesity (OBCD), cardiovascular disease (CVD), hypertension (HTN), and cerebrovascular disease (CeVD), affecting 10–30%...

  • Article
  • Open Access
851 Views
14 Pages

Male Sex as a Predictor of Worse Prognosis and Clinical Evolution in Patients with Cancer and SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Independent of the rs41386349 PDCD1 Polymorphism

  • Caroline Yukari Motoori Fernandes,
  • Bruna Karina Banin Hirata,
  • Glauco Akelinghton Freire Vitiello,
  • Eliza Pizarro Castilha,
  • Nathália de Sousa-Pereira,
  • Roberta Losi Guembarovski,
  • Marla Karine Amarante,
  • Maria Angelica Ehara Watanabe,
  • Mateus Nóbrega Aoki and
  • Karen Brajão de Oliveira

4 July 2025

COVID-19 continues to spread six years after its discovery. Cancer patients are at an increased risk of severe outcomes, likely due to immunosuppression and tumor-related dysregulation. Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), encoded by the PDCD1 gen...

  • Review
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,412 Views
19 Pages

1 July 2025

Introduction: COVID-19 and influenza are viruses that have been major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. While a combination vaccine for these two viruses is currently in development, little is known about public perceptions and attitudes t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
737 Views
12 Pages

1 July 2025

The COVID-19 pandemic caused immense physical disruptions, affecting young adults in the U.S. The Health Belief Model is a social psychological framework that predicts the likelihood of adopting health behavior. The purpose of this research is to inv...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,313 Views
16 Pages

Undergraduate Student Perceptions on Career in the Wake of a Pandemic

  • Emily L. Winter,
  • Sierra M. Trudel,
  • Aarti P. Bellara,
  • Claire Metcalf and
  • Melissa A. Bray

1 July 2025

The COVID-19 pandemic sparked changes globally, as leaders scrambled to protect wellbeing and safety. With many U.S. students sent away from their campuses, undergraduate students still grappled with the time-old question: “what will I do after...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,085 Views
21 Pages

Variation in Mental Health, Sleep Quality and Quality of Life Following COVID-19 Hospitalization

  • Eleni Tsimitrea,
  • Maria Chatzi,
  • Maria Saridi,
  • Aikaterini Toska,
  • Konstantinos I. Gourgoulianis,
  • Ioanna V. Papathanasiou,
  • Stylianos Boutlas and
  • Evangelos C. Fradelos

30 June 2025

COVID-19 causes instant and often prolonged effects with multisystemic and heterogeneous symptoms, significantly affecting the bio-psychosocial life of patients. In view of this, the present prospective cohort study aims to document the evolution of...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,622 Views
24 Pages

30 June 2025

The purpose of this study is to compare the accuracy and readability of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)-prevention and control knowledge texts generated by four current generative artificial intelligence (AI) models—two international models...

  • Case Report
  • Open Access
666 Views
5 Pages

Mild SARS-CoV-2 Infection with the Omicron Variant Mimicking Metastatic Cancer on Whole-Body 18-F FDG PET/CT Imaging

  • Gunnhild Helmsdal,
  • Sissal Clemmensen,
  • Jann Mortensen,
  • Marnar Fríðheim Kristiansen,
  • Maria Skaalum Petersen and
  • Herborg L. Johannesen

29 June 2025

We present a case with unusual findings on nuclear imaging after mild SARS-CoV-2 infection. During evaluation for an incidentaloma, 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography–Computed Tomography imaging showed activity in the thyroid g...

  • Article
  • Open Access
909 Views
9 Pages

27 June 2025

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected countries globally, causing significant respiratory tract symptoms, including shortness of breath, coughing, chest tightness, and wheezing. Vitamin D has been proposed to play a key role, especially in u...

  • Brief Report
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,085 Views
9 Pages

Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Predicts COVID-19 Mortality in the Yucatecan Maya Population: A Retrospective Cohort Study

  • Adriel Ismael Alonso Batun,
  • Vania Janet Tello Romero,
  • Onel Abraham Pacheco Polanco and
  • Nina Mendez-Dominguez

26 June 2025

Background: Severe and critical forms of COVID-19 have been associated with high mortality, particularly in vulnerable or underrepresented populations. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an emerging inflammatory biomarker that may aid in ear...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,664 Views
16 Pages

Frequent Menstrual Disturbance Post-COVID-19 Vaccination in Saudi Arabia

  • Khalid F. Alshammari,
  • Kamaleldin B. Said,
  • Ahmed Aljadani,
  • Arwa A. Alotaibi,
  • Fahad M. Alshammary,
  • Ruba M. Elsaid Ahmed,
  • Abdulrahman T. Alshammari,
  • Turki A. Al-shammari,
  • Hend Alkwai and
  • Abuzar A. A. Osman
  • + 8 authors

20 June 2025

The increased menstrual disturbances post-vaccination remain unclear. We examined factors, types, frequencies, and emotional challenges. We used a self-administered online questionnaire with the IBM-based SPSSv-24-Windows software for analysis. Of 13...

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COVID - ISSN 2673-8112