Medical Sciences Forum, Volume 12, Issue 1

In submitting conference proceedings to Medical Sciences Forum, the volume editors of the proceedings certify to the publisher that all papers published in this volume have been subjected to peer review administered by the volume editors [...]

Multiple drug-resistant bacterial strains are showing new different mechanisms to overcome the antimicrobial action, which reduces the efficacy of conventional antibiotics. Therefore, drug discovery research has focused on developing fast, effective,...

Surgical site infections (SSI) are one of the main healthcare-related infections in developing nations. Regardless of upgrades in surgical strategy and the utilization of best disease avoidance techniques, SSI stayed the significant reason for medica...

Spiramycin is a 16-membered macrolide used in human medicine as an antibacterial and antiparasitic agent. Spiramycin is effective against bacterial pathogens including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In contrast, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is i...

The relentless and global rise of bacterial resistance is undoubtedly one of the most worrisome Public Health issues [...]

Introduction: Approximately 30% of the population is colonized with Staphylococcus aureus on the skin, mucous membranes, and in the anterior part of the nose [...]

The pathophysiology of Staphylococcus aureus in nasal carriers has been extensively studied, however, it must be admitted that the clinical relevance of S [...]

Over the past years, Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as a serious nosocomial pathogen especially due to its extensively resistant antimicrobial profile [...]

The excellent features of non-invasive molecular imaging, its progressive technology (real-time, whole-body imaging and quantification), and global impact by a growing infrastructure for positron emission tomography (PET) scanners are encouraging pro...

Thyroid diseases affect a considerable portion of the population, with hypothyroidism being one of the most commonly reported thyroid diseases [...]

Acinetobacter baumannii is an aerobic Gram-negative bacterium which causes facultative hospital infections and, in settings such as Greece, exhibits high resistance rates against most antimicrobial agents [...]

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the leading cause of hospitalization in the Brazilian Unified Health System, with a mortality rate of 18% in children under 5 years of age. Therefore, there is a need for an effective treatment, including antibio...

Serratia marcescens is a bacterial species associated with different types of infections, including hospital-acquired infections [...]

The multi-resistance presented by P. aeruginosa has greatly increased due to the presence of genes for carbapenemases such as bla_KPC. The dissemination of this gene has been associated with the Tn4401, the main mobile genetic element that carries bla...

Bloodstream infections, which result from introducing contaminated implants or prostheses to a patient’s body, are commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus strains. The occurrence of staphylococcal-related bloodstream infection correlates with...

Staphylococcus species are considered important members of the normal skin microbiota, in addition to being common pathogens in human and animal infections. In addition to S. aureus, other members of the genus are now widely-recognized as pathogens,...

A drug is defined as a substance capable of influencing biological functions through chemical reactions, either by agonism or antagonism, to achieve the desired therapeutic effect. During this process, several pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic even...

Patients receiving hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) are prone to develop invasive infections due to disease and transplantation-related immunosuppression [...]

Introduction: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common infections both in the community and in the hospital setting. Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the etiological spectrum and antimicrobial resistance of the most freq...

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common community and hospital-acquired infections. Rapid diagnosis and adequate etiological therapy are factors with direct impacts on the morbidity and mortality associated with these infections. T...

This study aimed to investigate methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) in pyodermas admitted to the INNO Veterinary Laboratory (Braga, Portugal) in the period 2013–202...

The scope of this paper is to provide a state of the art in pharmacological repositioning, envisioning the antibacterial activity of non-antibiotic drugs. The method of the narrative literature review was adopted. The investigation took place during...

Mammals ubiquitously interact with environmental and symbiotic microbes, and the effects of these interactions on animal physiology are currently the subject of intense interest. Symbionts of mammals are interesting from the point of view of their ad...

The aromatic polyketide tetracenomycin X (TcmX) was recently found to be a potent inhibitor of protein synthesis; its binding site is located in a unique locus within the tunnel of the large ribosomal subunit. The distinct mode of action makes this r...

Today, medicinal plants have multiple different uses since they can play an important role in the design of modern medicines and new healthy foods. Although their level of consumption is not high, these plants are attributed pharmacological propertie...

Ascophyllum nodosum (Linnaeus) Le Jolis is a brown alga from the Fucaceae family and a unique species from the Ascophyllum genus. This brown alga is an edible macroalga from the North Atlantic Ocean, commonly found on the European north-western coast...

The genus Aliarcobacter belongs to the Arcobacteraceae family, which has nine validly published species. Among them, the species Aliarcobacter butzleri is considered the fourth most frequently found Campylobacter-like microorganism in human diarrheal...

Antimicrobial resistance is a worldwide health problem, and with this awareness, some fluoroquinolones are classified by WHO AWaRe as “Watch”, a group with higher resistance potential [...]

The increased resistance of pathogenic microorganisms to a wide range of antibiotics has driven recent research efforts towards exploring and developing effective preservatives with better potential and new strategies to prevent this multi-resistance...

Among the bacterial resistance mechanisms, active efflux pumps play a role in the extrusion of different molecules, and, thus, contribute to antimicrobial resistance. Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive bacterium that can present resistance to v...

Actinomycetes of the genus Streptomyces are members of the phylum Actinomycetota, Gram-positive, filamentous, spore-forming bacteria. Members of the genus Streptomyces are known as producers many different bioactive natural products, such as antibiot...

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is a promising approach against multidrug-resistant microorganisms. In this work, we accessed the photodynamic efficiency of an affordable formulation composed of five cationic porphyrins (FORM) and its combi...

Commonly used antibiotics use multiple administrations for providing a continuous bactericidal effect but can increase systemic toxicity, as well as lead to bacterial drug resistance. The use of plant-based antibacterial compounds in combination with...

The indiscriminate use of antibiotics generates several problems for human health, the main one being bacterial resistance. The abuse of antibiotics is responsible for reducing the effectiveness of medicines, making it difficult to treat diseases and...

Marine actinobacteria produce secondary metabolites with many biological activities of interest, including antifungals [...]

The “antibiotic crisis”, defined as the appearance of microbial strains resistant to most, if not all, already known antibiotics, indicates that searching for previously unknown antimicrobial agents is crucial for further development of n...

Aspergillus flavus is a common human pathogen that releases mycotoxin into the host and is frequently treated with synthetic fungicides, but these fungicides have serious human health consequences. Natural products derived from higher plant species h...

Dalbavancin is a lipoglycopeptide indicated for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections. The aim of this study is to describe the cases in which dalbavancin has been used as an off-label treatment for infections by Gram-po...

The past 2 years have been marked by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. This virus is found in the intestinal tract and reaches the wastewater system, and, consequently, the natural receiving water bodies, and...

Biofilm is a major causative factor of persistent, hard-to-heal infections. Due to the biofilm’s persistence, even high-dose, systemic antibiotic therapy displays low antimicrobial efficacy. Therefore, there is an urgent need to search for nove...

This study employed machine learning algorithms to identify lead compounds that inhibit the antibiotic targets DNA gyrase and Dihydrofolate reductase in Escherichia coli, and identified new, multifaceted antimicrobial compounds. This study used three...

Artemisinin-resistant plasmodium strains are becoming increasingly common in malaria patients, posing a serious threat to successful malaria management. Brosimone, a significant polyphenolic ingredient of Artocarpus lakoocha, has previously been show...

Orthopedic surgeries contribute to overall surgical site infection (SSI) events worldwide. In India, SSI rates vary considerably depending on geographical location (1.6–38%); however, there is a lack of a national SSI surveillance system.. This...

Burn wounds can lead to numerous severe complications including bacterial infections causing patient morbidity and mortality, mostly in low- and middle-income countries. The considerable increase in microbial resistance against traditional antibiotic...