Pets, Volume 1, Issue 1 (June 2024) – 7 articles

Dog behavioural problems are one of the main reasons for dog relinquishment. Studies on how dog behavioural problems affect owner well-being are limited. We review the literature concerning the link between dog behavioural problems and owner well-being. We propose practical solutions to minimize the negative impacts of behavioural problems on human well-being and dog welfare, whilst suggesting future research directions. Twenty-one studies were included in the literature review. These indicate that dog behavioural problems may particularly reduce social interactions, and increase negative emotions of high arousal, such as stress and frustration, caregiver burden and symptoms of both depression and anxiety in their owners. To improve both owner well-being and dog welfare, we suggest targeting three areas: practical behavioural support for the dog–human dyad, social support for owners and psychological support for owners. Considering the lack of research in the field, further studies are needed to better understand the relationship between dog behavioural problems and human well-being, such as how the three areas previously mentioned may affect dog relinquishment and owner well-being. Full article

β-catenin is deregulated in cancer malignancies and drives the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Calprotectin plays antioxidant activities, modulates inflammation and immune responses, and influences cell migration and invasion. Calprotectin can contribute to the progression of various types of cancer. Macrophages expressing calprotectin (MAC387) have been related to M1 polarization and promote EMT. In this study, β-catenin and calprotectin expression in canine hepatoid gland tumors and its relationship with MAC387-positive macrophages is reported. Β-catenin was membranous and strong in hyperplasia and adenomas, moderate or weak in well-differentiated carcinomas, and absent in less-well-differentiated carcinomas. In cells with squamous differentiation, β-catenin was weak or absent. In benign and malignant lesions, MAC/387 positivity was found in both macrophages and clusters of cells with squamous differentiation arranged in whorls centered on ductal-like spaces. These clusters were more voluminous in carcinomas, sometimes with a center of lamellar keratin (horny pearls) and were surrounded by neoplastic hepatoid cells variably positive to calprotectin. The number of calprotectin-positive macrophages progressively increased in the stroma of carcinomas. These findings suggest that hepatoid glands are a useful model for studying the different roles of β-catenin and calprotectin in the tumor milieu and their involvement in tumor differentiation and EMT. Full article

There is a need for research that explores the challenges associated with dog ownership. In particular, increasing our understanding of how young people manage their dog’s undesired behaviours can inform a more nuanced perspective of dog ownership as well as highlight the impact of such interactions on both dogs and young people. This qualitative study addresses this gap in the human–animal interactions literature through a secondary analysis of a data set of transcribed semi-structured interviews with seven participants aged between 17–26 years. The data were collected during a larger investigation that focused on young people’s relationships with their dogs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using thematic analyses, we examined interviews that probed participants’ experiences and responses when their dogs misbehaved. The findings identified and explored three emerging themes including Attachment Patterns, which was supported by the codes of connection and kinship. The second theme was Synchrony and/or Lack of Synchrony, which was supported by the codes of reaction and communication. The third theme was Response to Challenging Situations, supported by the codes of emotional reactions and coping styles. Findings suggest that participants handled their dog’s undesired behaviours in unique ways and that such situations may negatively impact their emotions. Undesired dog behaviours were not related to participants’ perceptions of poor attachment patterns towards their dogs. These findings can inform efforts to foster positive interactions between young people and their dogs and reduce dog surrenders. Full article

Feeding raw meat-based diets (RMBDs) is becoming increasingly popular among dog owners. The concerns of veterinarians and scientists about this feeding method and its risks are topic of many publications. The present study aimed to determine why dog owners stop feeding raw diets and whether this change in diet is connected to health issues in dogs. The survey was conducted using an online questionnaire in the German language. The survey included questions about the signalment and health status of the dog, past RMBDs, and the reasons behind the change in the diet or discontinuation of an RMBD. Questionnaires answered by 802 pet owners, each describing a single dog, were included in the final analysis. The three primary reasons to stop feeding an RMBD were intolerance of the diet (24%, n = 196/802), which was expressed exclusively in gastrointestinal signs, disease (20%, n = 163/802), which was a gastrointestinal disease in 64% (n = 104/163) of cases (13%, n = 104/802), and an unwillingness to eat the raw diet (15%, n = 117/802). Overall, 37% (n = 300) of all participants terminated feeding an RMBD due to gastrointestinal problems. Gastrointestinal problems are a significant reason for discontinuation of the RMBD. In cases of gastrointestinal complaints, a detailed diet history should be asked for, and a diet change should be considered as a solution. Full article

Ceratophrys cranwelli, commonly known as the Cranwell’s horned frog or Pacman frog, is an amphibian species native to South America. This species has gained interest both as a pet among hobbyists and as a subject of scientific inquiry in veterinary medicine. A two-year-old pet male albino Ceratophrys cranwelli was presented exhibiting lethargy, weight loss, and anorexia, persisting for two months. Clinical examination revealed a fracture localized to the proximal third of the left femur accompanied by an osteolytic process. The patient was discharged with a treatment regimen for suspected secondary nutritional hyperparathyroidism and an ulcerative skin lesion. Nevertheless, due to the progressive deterioration of the left thigh, amputation of the affected limb was proposed and performed at the coxofemoral joint. Histopathological analysis of the excised mass revealed an atypical mesenchymal mass consistent with a fibromyxochondroma. The surgical procedure was conducted under anesthesia induced by a combination of alfaxalone, ketamine, medetomidine, and butorphanol, with postoperative treatment consisting of enrofloxacin, meloxicam, and butorphanol. The patient showed good post-surgical recovery, exhibiting normal physiological and behavioral activities. This report highlights the management and the diagnostic challenges of a progressive limb lesion in a Ceratophrys cranwelli, offering insights into potential therapeutic approaches for similar cases in amphibians. Full article

Bullet-derived lead (Pb) is a food safety hazard in meat from hunted wild game. Dogs can be exposed to alimentary Pb when fed with meat from wild game. We studied Pb contamination in 47 commercial “bones-and-raw-food” (BARF) packages from wild game meat and offal sold in Austria. Samples were first tested with a metal detector (calibrated for 2.5 mm diameter objects), then by X-ray, and Pb content was determined in sample areas free from metal-dense particles (as assessed in radiographs). Three samples tested positive by the metal detector (particle sizes ranged from 3 mm × 2 mm × 2 mm to 10 mm × 8 mm × 5 mm), with two particles from lead and one from tombac. Metal-dense objects were found in radiographs of 35/47 samples. In 13/47 samples, particles > 1 mm in diameter, and in 33/47 samples, smaller ones (median of five particles per sample) were noted. Lead content was above 1.5 mg/kg wet weight in 19/47 samples and exceeded the limit for general animal feed of 10 mg/kg wet weight in 5 of these 19 samples. The Pb contents as well as the presence of metal particles indicate that there is a feed safety issue in the samples analyzed. By a metal detector, the presence of large fragments was indicated in three samples, which casts doubt on whether all producers use a metal detector to scan the packages before delivery. Full article