Heterogeneous Evolution of Breast Cancer Cells—An Endogenous Molecular-Cellular Network Study
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Biological Hypothesis and Principles of Network Construction
2.2. Quantitative Simulation of Endogenous Molecular–Cellular Network
2.3. Attractors for Cellular States
2.4. Validation of Modeling Results
2.5. Connectivity, Topology, and Phenotypic Landscape
3. Results
3.1. Construction of Core Endogenous Network for Breast Cancer
3.2. Identification of Cell States and Validation against Clinical Data
3.3. Topological Structure and Functional Landscape of Phenotype
3.4. Cellular Origins and Heterogeneous Subtypes of Cancer
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Module | Factors |
---|---|
Cell cycle | Rb, CyclinD/CDK4, CyclinE/CDK2, E2F, Ras, p21, p27, Myc |
Cell apoptosis | caspase3, Cytochrome c, Bid, Bad, Bax, Fas, XIAP, Bcl2, BclxL, caspase8 |
Inflammation | IFN-γ, TGFb, NF-kB, p53, ikB, TNFa, STAT3, IL-1, IL-8, IL-10 |
Metabolism | PI3K-Akt, HIF, PTEN, Erk1/2, SAPK, MKP |
Angiogenesis | VEGF, COX-2, EGF, IGF, HGF, CEBPa |
Adhesion factor | Integrin, E-cadherin, b-catenin, p63, GSK3B, SOX9, SHH, WNT |
BC special factor | Foxa1, ER, PR, HER2, GATA3, Slug, Notch |
Stable State | Cell Cycle | Cell Apoptosis | Inflammation | Metabolism | Angiogenesis | Adhesion Factor | Cell State |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S1 | OFF | OFF | ON | ON | ON | OFF | Cancer |
S2 | ON | OFF | ON | ON | ON | OFF | Cancer |
S3 | OFF | OFF | ON | ON | ON | OFF | Cancer |
S4 | ON | OFF | ON | ON | ON | OFF | Cancer |
S5 | OFF | ON | OFF | OFF | OFF | OFF | Apoptosis |
S6 | OFF | ON | OFF | OFF | OFF | OFF | Apoptosis |
S7 | OFF | ON | OFF | OFF | OFF | OFF | Apoptosis |
S8 | OFF | OFF | OFF | OFF | OFF | ON | Normal |
S9 | OFF | OFF | OFF | OFF | OFF | ON | Normal |
S10 | OFF | ON | OFF | OFF | OFF | OFF | Apoptosis |
S11 | OFF | OFF | OFF | OFF | OFF | ON | Normal |
S12 | OFF | OFF | OFF | OFF | OFF | ON | Normal |
S13 | OFF | OFF | OFF | OFF | OFF | ON | Normal |
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Li, T.; Chen, Y.-C.; Ao, P. Heterogeneous Evolution of Breast Cancer Cells—An Endogenous Molecular-Cellular Network Study. Biology 2024, 13, 564. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13080564
Li T, Chen Y-C, Ao P. Heterogeneous Evolution of Breast Cancer Cells—An Endogenous Molecular-Cellular Network Study. Biology. 2024; 13(8):564. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13080564
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Tianqi, Yong-Cong Chen, and Ping Ao. 2024. "Heterogeneous Evolution of Breast Cancer Cells—An Endogenous Molecular-Cellular Network Study" Biology 13, no. 8: 564. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13080564