Photoreactivity of Hair Melanin from Different Skin Phototypes—Contribution of Melanin Subunits to the Pigments Photoreactive Properties
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Paramagnetic Properties of the Isolated Melanins
2.2. Chemical Analysis of the Isolated Pigments
2.3. EPR Analysis of Oxygen Photoconsumption and Photogeneration of Superoxide Anion
2.4. Time-Resolved Singlet Oxygen Phosphorescence Detection
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Isolation of Melanin Pigments
4.2. X-Band EPR Spectroscopy
4.3. W-Band EPR Spectroscopy
4.4. Chemical Analysis of Melanin Subunits
4.5. Oxygen Consumption Measurements
4.6. EPR Spin Trapping Studies
4.7. UV-Vis Spectroscopy
4.8. Time-Resolved Singlet Oxygen Phosphorescence
4.9. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
3-AHP | 3-amino-4-hydroxyphenylalanine |
4-AHP | 4-amino-3-hydroxyphenylalanine |
5SCD-M | 5-S-cysteinyldopa melanin |
A500 | absorbance at 500 nm |
A650 | absorbance at 600 nm |
AHPO | alkaline hydrogen peroxide oxidations |
BT | benzothiazine |
BZ | benzothiazole |
BZ-AA | 6-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-4-hydroxybenzothiazole |
C/D-M | cysteine/DOPA melanin |
D2O | deuterium oxide |
DHBTCA | 7-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-5-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzothiazine-3-carboxylic acid |
DHI | 5,6-dihydroxyindole |
DHICA | 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid |
DMPO | 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide |
DMSO | dimethyl sulfoxide |
DOPA | L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine |
DTT | 1,4-dithiothreitol |
EPR | electron paramagnetic resonance |
H2O2 | hydrogen peroxide |
HI | hydroiodic acid |
HPLC | high-performance liquid chromatography |
LED | light emitting diode |
mHCTPO | 4-protio-3-carbamoyl-2,2,5,5-tetraperdeuteromethyl-3-pyrrolin-1-yloxy |
PDCA | pyrrole-2,3-dicarboxylic acid |
PTCA | pyrrole-2,3,5-tricarboxylic acid |
ROS | reactive oxygen species |
TTCA | thiazole-2,4,5-tricarboxylic acid |
UV | ultraviolet |
UVA | ultraviolet A |
UV-Vis | ultraviolet-visible light |
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Type of Hair Melanin | Quantum Yield at 300 nm | Quantum Yield at 332 nm | Quantum Yield at 365 nm | Quantum Yield at 445 nm | Quenching Rate Constant [(mg/mL)−1s−1] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Red | (6.67 ± 0.53) × 10−3 | (8.42 ± 0.69) × 10−3 | (1.46 ± 0.09) × 10−2 | (5.03 ± 0.27) × 10−3 | (1.33 ± 0.12) × 105 |
Blond | (3.02 ± 0.21) × 10−2 | (8.38 ± 0.70) × 10−2 | (4.22 ± 0.25) × 10−2 | (1.18 ± 0.08) × 10−2 | (1.12 ± 0.09) × 105 |
Chestnut | (3.22 ± 0.23) × 10−2 | (5.79 ± 0.39) × 10−2 | (2.87 ± 0.20) × 10−2 | (6.15 ± 0.41) × 10−3 | (2.24 ± 0.18) × 105 |
Black | (1.87 ± 0.12) × 10−3 | (1.09 ± 0.07) × 10−3 | (4.08 ± 0.21) × 10−3 | (2.01 ± 0.14) × 10−3 | (1.83 ± 0.11) × 105 |
Melanin Subunit | Quantum Yield at 300 nm | Quantum Yield at 332 nm | Quantum Yield at 365 nm | Quantum Yield at 445 nm |
---|---|---|---|---|
DHBTCA | (1.97 ± 0.14) × 10−3 | (2.48 ± 0.16) × 10−3 | (1.72 ± 0.09) × 10−3 | (3.69 ± 0.18) × 10−4 |
BZ-AA | (4.65 ± 0.23) × 10−3 | (4.92 ± 0.25) × 10−3 | (4.07 ± 0.21) × 10−3 | (1.01 ± 0.04) × 10−4 |
DHICA | (9.24 ± 0.56) × 10−3 | (1.11 ± 0.07) × 10−2 | (3.74 ± 0.19) × 10−3 | (1.92 ± 0.15) × 10−4 |
DHI | (2.03 ± 0.12) × 10−3 | (2.91 ± 0.23) × 10−3 | (7.49 ± 0.40) × 10−4 | (1.08 ± 0.04) × 10−4 |
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Mokrzynski, K.; Ito, S.; Wakamatsu, K.; Camenish, T.G.; Sarna, T.; Sarna, M. Photoreactivity of Hair Melanin from Different Skin Phototypes—Contribution of Melanin Subunits to the Pigments Photoreactive Properties. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 4465. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094465
Mokrzynski K, Ito S, Wakamatsu K, Camenish TG, Sarna T, Sarna M. Photoreactivity of Hair Melanin from Different Skin Phototypes—Contribution of Melanin Subunits to the Pigments Photoreactive Properties. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(9):4465. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094465
Chicago/Turabian StyleMokrzynski, Krystian, Shosuke Ito, Kazumasa Wakamatsu, Theodore G. Camenish, Tadeusz Sarna, and Michal Sarna. 2021. "Photoreactivity of Hair Melanin from Different Skin Phototypes—Contribution of Melanin Subunits to the Pigments Photoreactive Properties" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 9: 4465. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094465