Using Immunoliposomes as Carriers to Enhance the Therapeutic Effectiveness of Macamide N-3-Methoxybenzyl-Linoleamide

Background/Objectives: Epilepsy is one of the most common chronic neurological disorders, characterized by alterations in neuronal electrical activity that result in recurrent seizures and involuntary body movements. Anticonvulsants are the primary treatment for this condition, helping patients improve their quality of life. However, the development of new drugs with fewer side effects and greater economic accessibility remains a key focus in nanomedicine. Macamides, secondary metabolites derived from Maca (Lepidium meyenii), represent a promising class of novel drugs with diverse therapeutic applications, particularly in the treatment of neurological disorders. Methods: In this study, we optimized the potential of the macamide N-3-methoxybenzyl-linoleamide (3-MBL) as an anticonvulsant agent through its encapsulation in PEGylated liposomes conjugated with OX26 F(ab′)₂ fragments. Results: These immunoliposomes exhibited a size of 120.52 ± 9.46 nm and a zeta potential of −8.57 ± 0.80 mV. Furthermore, in vivo tests using a pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus model revealed that the immunoliposomes provided greater efficacy against epileptic seizures compared to the free form of N-3-methoxybenzyl-linoleamide at the same dose. Notably, the observed anticonvulsant effect was comparable to that of carbamazepine, a traditional FDA-approved antiepileptic drug. Conclusions: This pioneering work employs liposomal nanocarriers to deliver macamides to the brain, aiming to set a new standard for the use of modified liposomes in anticonvulsant epilepsy treatment.