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Agriculture
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Integrated Control of Weeds in Vegetable and Field Crops
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Integrated Control of Weeds in Vegetable and Field Crops

A special issue of Agriculture (ISSN 2077-0472). This special issue belongs to the section "Crop Protection, Diseases, Pests and Weeds".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 March 2023) | Viewed by 12350

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Khaled A. A. Abdelaal

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Plant Pathology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Excellence Center (EPCRS), Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr Elsheikh 33516, Egypt
Interests: plant production; biotic and abiotic stress; weed control; drought; salinity; weeds; plant pathogens; biofertilizers; plant anatomy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Plant production plays a very important role in human and animal feeding as well as economic security. The plants are exposed to several biotic and abiotic stress factors which affect their growth and development, resulting in significant decreases in yield. Weeds are one of the most dangerous biotic stress factors that threaten plant productivity, resulting in a significant decrease in yield. Plants have many strategies to cope with the infestation of weeds through morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses, to adjust and regulate the growth and development as well as improve the yield. Many efforts and studies have been made to control weeds, and the use of herbicides is one of the most important methods in weed control. However, more studies on herbicide toxicology, resistance, and new strategies for control such as allelopathic cultivars, plant extracts, and alternatives to herbicides are still required to achieve integrated weed control. The aim of this Special Issue concerns the integrated control of weeds in vegetable and field crops associated with morphophysiological, biochemical, and molecular changes in plants under weed infestation, as well as the resistance mechanisms of weeds to herbicides, which has not yet been studied.

Prof. Dr. Khaled A. A. Abdelaal
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Agriculture is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • weed control
  • integrated control
  • parasitic plants
  • biotic stress
  • gene expression
  • weed ecology
  • allelopathic cultivar
  • weed–crop interactions
  • antioxidants
  • reactive oxygen species

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 1382 KiB  
Article
Impact of Electrocution on Shoot and Tuber Vitality of Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus)
by Jeroen Feys, Benny De Cauwer, Dirk Reheul, Clara Sciffer, Shana Clercx and Sander Palmans
Agriculture 2023, 13(3), 696; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13030696 - 16 Mar 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1931
Abstract
Cyperus esculentus is an invasive perennial sedge that can cause huge losses in arable crops. Current control strategies are based on combinations of cultural, mechanical, and chemical measures, repeated over years. Recent commercial releases of safe innovative electric weeders, offer promising alternative opportunities [...] Read more.
Cyperus esculentus is an invasive perennial sedge that can cause huge losses in arable crops. Current control strategies are based on combinations of cultural, mechanical, and chemical measures, repeated over years. Recent commercial releases of safe innovative electric weeders, offer promising alternative opportunities for controlling perennial weeds with high energy/high frequency electricity. To evaluate the effect of a single electrocution application on the efficacy of C. esculentus control, field experiments were performed in two locations in Belgium. Two electric weeding devices were evaluated: Zasso XP300, delivering a high-frequency, phased direct current (maximum voltage of 7000 V and maximum power output of 2000 W per square meter of green biomass, driving speeds between 1.1 and 3.0 km·h−1), and Rootwave Pro, delivering high-frequency alternating current (maximum voltage of 5000 V and power output between 7.5 and 10 kVA, treatment duration of 2 s). The impact of various technical (driving speed and voltage), biotic (clone and growth stage), and abiotic parameters on electrocution efficacy was evaluated. Plant responses to electrocution were evaluated by examining the vitality of treated C. esculentus mother tubers and shoots. Both devices were ineffective at mother tuber control, regardless of their burial depth (−5 cm to −15 cm), but were highly effective against aboveground shoots with reductions of vitality of up to 91% and 100% after a single pass with Zasso XP300 and Rootwave Pro, respectively. Maximum reductions were obtained when electricity was delivered at low speed (1.1 to 1.5 km·h−1) and on 5-leaf shoots without heat or water stress. Remarkably, the lowest efficacies were found on water-stressed soils at the time of application. Voltage had no effect on the degree of C. esculentus control. The efficacy of electricity was not affected by clone, irrespective of electric weeding device. Electrocution is a useful and effective control method within any integrated control strategy for controlling emerged shoots. However, as C. esculentus mother tubers are not affected by a single treatment, season-long repeated treatments are needed to exhaust the mother tubers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Control of Weeds in Vegetable and Field Crops)
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18 pages, 4457 KiB  
Article
Management of Weeds in Maize by Sequential or Individual Applications of Pre- and Post-Emergence Herbicides
by Harun Alptekin, Abdullah Ozkan, Ramazan Gurbuz and Muhittin Kulak
Agriculture 2023, 13(2), 421; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13020421 - 10 Feb 2023
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 5742
Abstract
Weeds impose serious problems in maize (corn) production, resulting in reduced crop yields and lower profits for farmers. The adverse effects of weeds have been attributed to the competition with maize plants for light, water, and nutrients, which can result in reduced growth [...] Read more.
Weeds impose serious problems in maize (corn) production, resulting in reduced crop yields and lower profits for farmers. The adverse effects of weeds have been attributed to the competition with maize plants for light, water, and nutrients, which can result in reduced growth and yield of the crop. In this context, effective weed management is important to minimize the negative impact of weeds on maize production. This can be achieved through a combination of cultural, mechanical, and chemical control methods. The use of pre-emergence and post-emergence herbicides as sequential or individual applications of these herbicides can be an effective way to manage weeds in maize. Two consecutive field experiments were conducted in 2019 and 2020 in order to determine the efficacy of sequential and individual applications of Dimethenamid-P + Terbuthylazine and Isoxaflutole + Thiencarbazone methyl + Cyprosulfamide as pre- emergence. On the other hand, Mesotrione + Nicosulfuron and Dicamba + Nicosulfuron were used as post-emergence herbicides. The effects of the herbicides were also assayed on corn yield and related parameters. In this regard, we designed the experiment in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Accordingly, the effect of the herbicides varied according to the active ingredients of the herbicide and the weed species. In addition, the effectiveness of herbicides varied according to the assessment times. The lowest effect was found on E. crus-galli, which was obtained from Mesotrione + Nicosulfuron (MN) (35%) plots. Other herbicides showed high efficacy (95–100%). Concerning values of both years, the highest cob length, cob diameter, 1000-grain weight, and plant height were obtained in weed-free control plots and the highest grain yield was obtained in the control plots with weed-free checks as 12.88 tons/ha and 12.37 tons/ha, respectively. The lowest corn grain yield was obtained in weedy control plots in both years. Our findings demonstrate that the combination of pre- and post- emergence herbicides in maize can be an effective way chemical weed control option. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Control of Weeds in Vegetable and Field Crops)
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Review

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28 pages, 6105 KiB  
Review
Physiological and Biochemical Changes in Vegetable and Field Crops under Drought, Salinity and Weeds Stresses: Control Strategies and Management
by Khaled Abdelaal, Moodi Saham Alsubeie, Yaser Hafez, Amero Emeran, Farahat Moghanm, Salah Okasha, Reda Omara, Mohammed A. Basahi, Doaa Bahaa Eldin Darwish, Mohamed F. M. Ibrahim, Ahmed Abou El-Yazied, Emadeldeen Ahmed Rashwan, Amr Elkelish, Mohamed Ahmed Mady and Farag Ibraheem
Agriculture 2022, 12(12), 2084; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12122084 - 5 Dec 2022
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 3967
Abstract
Weeds are one of the most damaging biotic stresses in crop production, and drought and salinity are considered the most serious abiotic stresses. These factors harmfully affect growth and development in several vegetable and field crops by causing harmful effects on physiological and [...] Read more.
Weeds are one of the most damaging biotic stresses in crop production, and drought and salinity are considered the most serious abiotic stresses. These factors harmfully affect growth and development in several vegetable and field crops by causing harmful effects on physiological and biochemical characteristics such as water uptake, photosynthesis, relative water content, electrolyte leakage, and antioxidant compounds linked with oxidative stress and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These oxidative stress-related components affect most physiological and biochemical characteristics in plants under natural conditions and environmental stresses, especially weed infestation, salinity, and drought stress. ROS such as superoxide (O2•−), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), peroxyl radical (ROO•), and singlet oxygen (1O2) are very important molecules produced naturally as by-products of metabolic processes in chloroplasts, mitochondria, peroxisomes, and the apoplast. Under stress conditions such as weed infestation, drought and salinity, the morphological and yield characteristics of stressed plants are negatively affected; however, superoxide (O2•−) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are significantly increased. The negative impact of weeds can be mitigated with integrated controls which include herbicides, allelopathy, and crop rotation as well as the different methods for weed control. The defense system in various crops mainly depends on both enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants. The enzymatic antioxidants include superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, and catalase; nonenzymatic antioxidants include ascorbic acid, carotenoids, α-Tocopherols, proline, glutathione, phenolics, and flavonoids. These antioxidant components can scavenge various ROS under several stresses, particularly weeds, drought and salinity. In this review, our objective is to shed light on integrated weeds management and plant tolerance to salinity and drought stresses associated with the ROS and the induction of antioxidant components to increase plant growth and yield in the vegetable and field crops. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Control of Weeds in Vegetable and Field Crops)
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