Conservation and Comprehensive Utilization of Germplasm Resources in Horticultural Crops

A special issue of Agriculture (ISSN 2077-0472). This special issue belongs to the section "Crop Genetics, Genomics and Breeding".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 January 2026) | Viewed by 3268

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Faculty of Horticulture and Business in Rural Development, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Mănăștur St. 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Interests: plant molecular biology; plant breeding; metabolomics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Faculty of Horticulture and Business in Rural Development, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Mănăștur St. 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Interests: micropropagation; plant tissue culture; plant growth and development; plant biotechnology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Horticulture and Business in Rural Development, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Mănăștur St. 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Interests: GMOs; food safety; genetic resources; molecular markers

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

For the past few thousand years, horticultural crops have been vital to human society, providing essential nutrients, therapeutic compounds, and raw materials, thereby contributing to food security and human well-being. The high genetic diversity of horticultural species poses a significant challenge for scientists in finding effective approaches to identify and select individuals that can be used to develop more valuable horticultural varieties. These varieties must be well adapted to global climate change conditions and possess high nutritional and curative properties. Plant breeding heavily relies on available genetic resources and cutting-edge technologies. In this context, the use of multi-OMICS approaches (e.g., genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) and modern phenotyping methods to study the conservation and utilization of horticultural genetic resources has profoundly impacted our understanding of plant diversity and the complex biological processes underlying horticultural traits. This Special Issue aims to highlight new and modern approaches for the identification, collection, characterization, and comprehensive use of horticultural genetic resources from wild areas and germplasm collections. By investing in innovative conservation strategies and promoting the efficient use of genetic resources, we can effectively and sustainably address global food security challenges.

Dr. Monica Harta
Dr. Doina Clapa
Dr. Cristian Radu Sisea
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • genetic diversity
  • conservation strategies
  • agro-morphological characterization
  • DNA fingerprinting
  • phytochemical characterization
  • multi-OMICS approaches
  • phenotyping
  • food security
  • nutritional properties
  • bioactive compounds

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 1889 KB  
Article
Polyploidy Promotes Larger Mango Fruits with Cultivar-Specific Quality Changes
by Marcos Adrián Ruiz-Medina, Águeda M. González-Rodríguez and María José Grajal-Martín
Agriculture 2026, 16(9), 998; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture16090998 - 30 Apr 2026
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Abstract
Polyploidy is widely used in plant breeding to generate novel phenotypes and improve agronomic traits, often promoting organ enlargement through the so-called “gigas effect.” However, in mango (Mangifera indica L.), the effects of genome duplication on fruit quality are still poorly understood. [...] Read more.
Polyploidy is widely used in plant breeding to generate novel phenotypes and improve agronomic traits, often promoting organ enlargement through the so-called “gigas effect.” However, in mango (Mangifera indica L.), the effects of genome duplication on fruit quality are still poorly understood. This study evaluated the effects of polyploidy on fruit morphology and physicochemical traits by comparing diploid (2n) and autotetraploid (4n) genotypes of six polyembryonic cultivars grown under identical field conditions. Autotetraploids consistently produced larger and heavier fruits across all cultivars, with significant increases in length, width, thickness, and especially fruit weight, confirming a strong and uniform size-enhancing effect of genome duplication. In contrast, quality-related traits showed cultivar-specific responses. Fruit firmness was not significantly affected by ploidy level, while penetration hardness differed only in ‘Kensington Pride’. Total soluble solids decreased in autotetraploids of ‘Kensington Pride’ and ‘Gomera 1’, whereas titratable acidity increased in ‘Kensington Pride’ and ‘Mun’ autotetraploids. These results indicate that autopolyploidization consistently enhances fruit size in mango (e.g., fruit weight increased up to twofold in some cultivars); however, its effects on key quality traits such as soluble solids and acidity are cultivar-dependent, and should therefore be carefully considered in breeding programs. Full article
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15 pages, 1478 KB  
Article
SSR-Based Genetic Diversity Assessment Among Varieties Conserved in a Romanian Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) Collection
by Monica Hârţa, Doina Clapa, Gabriella De Lorenzis, Lucia Cintia Colibaba and Liliana Rotaru
Agriculture 2026, 16(5), 605; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture16050605 - 5 Mar 2026
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Abstract
The present study highlights the genetic relationships among 52 grapevine varieties, including traditional and newly developed Romanian varieties and international reference cultivars, held in a small didactic ampelographic collection in Iaşi, Romania, and their genetic diversity, assessed using multivariate analysis. Twelve nuclear simple [...] Read more.
The present study highlights the genetic relationships among 52 grapevine varieties, including traditional and newly developed Romanian varieties and international reference cultivars, held in a small didactic ampelographic collection in Iaşi, Romania, and their genetic diversity, assessed using multivariate analysis. Twelve nuclear simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, including nine OIV-standard descriptors, were used for genetic profiling. A total of 102 alleles were identified, with an average of 8.5 alleles per locus. The mean polymorphic information content (PIC) of 0.779 confirmed the high discriminatory power of the chosen markers. NJ dendrogram and PCoA yielded mostly similar results but did not clearly differentiate genotypes based on the selected criteria for genotype comparison (usage or historical status). STRUCTURE analysis assigned genotypes to SSR-group 1 (23.07%) and SSR-group 2 (34.61%) under K = 2 and a Q-value threshold of 0.85. The high proportion of admixed genotypes (42.32%) may reflect complex pedigrees and the migration of grapevine varieties across a wider territory surrounding Romania. The present research may serve as a starting point for future studies in Romania on the genetic structure and parental analysis of grapevine varieties held in small didactic collections, aiming to characterize and hold valuable grapevine varieties under secure conditions for future generations. Full article
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