Livestock Breeding and Conservation Genetics

A special issue of Agriculture (ISSN 2077-0472). This special issue belongs to the section "Farm Animal Production".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 October 2021) | Viewed by 13303

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Livestock breeding is a branch of applied genetics that has achieved significant improvements in the production traits of species of farm animals. Over the past seven decades, a number of statistical approaches have been developed to reliably partition phenotypic variance into genetic and environmental components. The prediction of breeding values, based on the phenotypic information of an individual and the phenotypic information of its relatives, has been optimized using different statistical approaches. In the last two decades, the contribution of molecular genetics has grown. The QTL concept, as an alternative to the infinitesimal model, has identified several candidate loci with a significant impact on quantitative traits. The development of highly informative SNP markers has enabled the identification of candidate genes to better understand the genetic architecture of production traits. The application of molecular markers in animal breeding has led to the so-called marker-assisted selection, which combines molecular and statistical approaches to improve the genetic basis of our breeding populations. The availability of a large number of informative molecular markers has allowed for the possibility to estimate genetic variability in livestock populations, and has been successfully used in modern genetic conservation programs. The last conceptual change in animal breeding was the introduction of genomic selection. This concept, based on complex genomic information, allows for selection decisions based almost exclusively on genotype information. This strategy will considerably speed up genetic progress and increase the proportion of individuals participating in selection schemes. The development of efficient methods for targeted genome editing opens a new horizon for the precise genetic optimization of farm animal genomes, resulting in a new generation of more productive, healthier, and more robust livestock.

Prof. Peter Dovč
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • phenotypic selection
  • marker-assisted selection
  • quantitative trait loci
  • candidate genes
  • genomic selection
  • genome editing

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

25 pages, 414 KiB  
Review
Genetic Markers Associated with Milk Production Traits in Dairy Cattle
by Yulin Ma, Muhammad Zahoor Khan, Jianxin Xiao, Gibson Maswayi Alugongo, Xu Chen, Tianyu Chen, Shuai Liu, Zhiyuan He, Jingjun Wang, Muhammad Kamal Shah and Zhijun Cao
Agriculture 2021, 11(10), 1018; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11101018 - 18 Oct 2021
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 12622
Abstract
Increasing milk production is one of the key concerns in animal production. Traditional breeding has gotten limited achievement in the improvement of milk production because of its moderate heritability. Milk production traits are controlled by many genes. Thus, identifying candidate genes associated with [...] Read more.
Increasing milk production is one of the key concerns in animal production. Traditional breeding has gotten limited achievement in the improvement of milk production because of its moderate heritability. Milk production traits are controlled by many genes. Thus, identifying candidate genes associated with milk production traits may provide information that can be used to enhance the accuracy of animal selection for moderately heritable traits like milk production. The genomic selection can enhance the accuracy and intensity of selection and shortening the generation interval. The genetic progress of economically important traits can be doubled with the accuracy of selection and shortening of generation interval. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have made possible the screening of several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes associated with milk production traits in dairy cattle. In addition, RNA-sequencing is another well-established tool used to identify genes associated with milk production in dairy cattle. Although it has been widely accepted that these three methods (GWAS, RNA-seq and DNA sequencing) are considered the first step in the screening of genes, however, the outcomes from GWAS, DNA-sequencing and RNA-seq still need further verification for the establishment of bonafide causal variants via genetic replication as well as functional validation. In the current review, we have highlighted genetic markers identified (2010-to date) for their associations with milk production traits in dairy cattle. The information regarding candidate genes associated with milk production traits provided in the current review could be helpful to select the potential genetic markers for the genetic improvement of milk production traits in dairy cattle. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Livestock Breeding and Conservation Genetics)
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