Disease Suppressive Soils for Crop Pest Management

A special issue of Agronomy (ISSN 2073-4395). This special issue belongs to the section "Pest and Disease Management".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2021) | Viewed by 3020

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
US Horticultural Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA
Interests: microbial soil ecology; plant pathology; microbiome; methyl bromide alternatives; bacteriophage therapy; Ralstonia solanacearum

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Soilborne pests and pathogens are a limiting factor for crop production, especially for germinating or recently transplanted plants. Disease-suppressive soils have been documented to occur naturally in specific fields in which crop planted do not succumb to soilborne plant pathogens. Disease suppression is often due to the specific structure of the soil microbiome. This biological phenomenon has been attributed to multiple types of microbes, including those that promote plant growth or are antagonistic to phytopathogens.

Various techniques have been applied in an attempt to recreate or generate suppressive soils, such as planting specific cover crops, incorporating soil amendments, and anaerobic soil disinfestation. All of these techniques increase soil nutrients and desired microbial populations to manage plant pests. The era of ‘-omics’ provides insight into these microbial populations and notably combines basic and applied research.

This Special Issue will focus on “Disease Suppressive Soils for Crop Pest Management”. We welcome novel research, reviews, and opinion articles covering all related topics including microbial ecology, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, cover crops, soil disinfestation, soil health, soilborne pathogen and pest control, soil chemistry, agronomy, horticulture, modeling, economic impact, grower outreach, and policy positions.

Dr. Jason C. Hong
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • Disease suppression
  • Microbiome
  • Phytopathogens
  • Soil disinfestation
  • Biocontrol

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

24 pages, 3446 KiB  
Article
Ecosystem Services Provided by Cover Crops and Biofumigation in Sunflower Cultivation
by Neila Ait Kaci Ahmed, Benoit Galaup, Jérémy Desplanques, Grégory Dechamp-Guillaume and Célia Seassau
Agronomy 2022, 12(1), 120; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12010120 - 4 Jan 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2575
Abstract
In south-western France, sunflowers are usually grown in short rotations and after a long fallow period during which soils are left bare. This practice can favour diseases, caused by soilborne fungi, such as sunflower verticillium wilt (SVW), as well as nitrate leaching, both [...] Read more.
In south-western France, sunflowers are usually grown in short rotations and after a long fallow period during which soils are left bare. This practice can favour diseases, caused by soilborne fungi, such as sunflower verticillium wilt (SVW), as well as nitrate leaching, both of which can decrease yields. Growing cover crops during a fallow period is an agroecological practice that could provide ecosystem services and mitigate SVW. A Brassicaceae cover crop that causes biofumigation produces glucosinolates and liberate biocidal compounds that might regulate SVW biologically. Moreover, the green manure effect of the Fabaceae might increase soil mineral nitrogen (SMN). To go further, mixtures of Brassicaceae and Fabaceae might mutualise the benefits that each cover crop has in sole crops. A four-year field study in south-western France tested Brassicaceae (brown mustard, turnip rape and fodder radish) and Fabaceae (purple vetch) in sole crops or a mixture with two or three species during the fallow period, followed by biofumigation, and sunflower crop. The cover crops were characterised, SMN was measured, the SVW and yield were assessed and compared to those of the crop grown on soils left bare during the fallow period. Purple vetch as a sole crop cover crop significantly increased SMN before sunflower sowing but only in 2019. Fodder radish as a sole crop reduced SVW severity significantly, overall, 80 days after sowing, except in 2019, when weather conditions were unfavourable to biofumigation. Purple vetch as a sole crop also reduced significantly SVW severity in 2017 and 2020. Finally, sunflower yields after cover crops were higher than those after bare soils, only after purple vetch as a sole crop in 2020, with a mean increase of 0.77 t ha−1. Mixtures of Brassicaceae and Fabaceae sowed at these densities resulted in an intermediate SMN level between those in sole crops and the bare soil and they did not significantly decrease SVW or increase yields. Our results suggest that cover crops, especially fodder radish or purple vetch, and biofumigation can provide ecosystem services for sunflower, instead of leaving soils bare during the fallow period. However, the extent of ecosystem services is markedly affected by soil and climatic conditions as well as other management practices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Disease Suppressive Soils for Crop Pest Management)
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