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Novel Insights into Lipid Metabolism in Aquatic Animals
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Novel Insights into Lipid Metabolism in Aquatic Animals

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Aquatic Animals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2024 | Viewed by 1856

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Xiangfei Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, China
Interests: aquaculture nutrition; feed science; intermediary metabolism; mitochondria; molecular biology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Lipids are a highly effective non-protein energy source for aquatic animals. Dietary incorporation of lipids can spare the use of protein, thereby reducing feed cost and nitrogenous discharge into water. However, several challenges have yet to be overcome. Specifically, efforts should be made to (1) systematically unveil the molecular mechanisms underlying lipid homeostasis in aquatic animals; (2) assess the fatty acid sensing mechanism, taking into consideration the crosstalk between the central and peripheral tissues; (3) elucidate the interactions between lipids and other nutrients in the intermediary metabolism; (4) illustrate the potential roles of organelle dysfunction and intestinal flora imbalance in the development of lipid metabolism disorders; (5) interpret the impacts of high-lipid feeding on the energy sensing, health status, reproductive performance and flesh quality of aquatic animals; (6) find safe and effective nutritional interventions to attenuate lipid dyshomeostasis. All these efforts will guarantee the preciseness of lipid nutrition.

Dr. Xiangfei Li
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Animals is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • lipid homeostasis
  • fatty acid sensing
  • lipid metabolism disorder
  • organelle dysfunction
  • intestinal microbiota
  • fish welfare
  • flesh quality
  • precise nutrition
  • nutritional intervention
  • omics technology

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 6543 KiB  
Article
Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Bile Acids on Growth, Glucose Metabolism, and Intestinal Health of Spotted Seabass (Lateolabrax maculatus)
by Yongping Liu, Xiao Li, Jibin Lin, Kai Song, Xueshan Li, Ling Wang, Chunxiao Zhang and Kangle Lu
Animals 2024, 14(9), 1299; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14091299 - 25 Apr 2024
Viewed by 294
Abstract
An 8-week feeding trial was performed to investigate the effects of dietary bile acids on growth, glucose metabolism, and intestinal health in spotted seabass (Lateolabrax maculatus) reared at high temperatures (33 °C). The fish (20.09 ± 1.12 g) were fed diets [...] Read more.
An 8-week feeding trial was performed to investigate the effects of dietary bile acids on growth, glucose metabolism, and intestinal health in spotted seabass (Lateolabrax maculatus) reared at high temperatures (33 °C). The fish (20.09 ± 1.12 g) were fed diets supplemented with bile acids: 0 (Con), 400 (BA400), 800 (BA800), and 1200 (BA1200) mg/kg, respectively. The results showed that the growth was promoted in fish at the BA800 treatment compared with the control (p < 0.05). Increased enzyme activities and transcripts of gluconeogenesis in the liver were observed, whereas decreased enzyme activities and transcripts of glycolysis, as well as glycogen content, were shown in the BA800 treatment (p < 0.05). The transcripts of bile acid receptors fxr in the liver were up-regulated in the BA800 treatment (p < 0.05). A bile acid supplementation of 800 mg/kg improved the morphological structure in the intestine. Meanwhile, intestinal antioxidant physiology and activities of lipase and trypsin were enhanced in the BA800 treatment. The transcripts of genes and immunofluorescence intensity related to pro-inflammation cytokines (il-1β, il-8, and tnf-α) were inhibited, while those of genes related to anti-inflammation (il-10 and tgf-β) were induced in the BA800 treatment. Furthermore, transcripts of genes related to the NF-κB pathway in the intestine (nfκb, ikkα, ikkβ, and ikbα1) were down-regulated in the BA800 treatment. This study demonstrates that a dietary bile acid supplementation of 800 mg/kg could promote growth, improve glucose metabolism in the liver, and enhance intestinal health by increasing digestive enzyme activity and antioxidant capacity and inhibiting inflammatory response in L. maculatus. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Insights into Lipid Metabolism in Aquatic Animals)
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23 pages, 2075 KiB  
Article
Marine Fish Oil Replacement with Lard or Basa Fish (Pangasius bocourti) Offal Oil in the Diet of Tiger Puffer (Takifugu rubripes): Effects on Growth Performance, Body Composition, and Flesh Quality
by Guoxu Liu, Lin Li, Shuqing Song, Qiang Ma, Yuliang Wei, Mengqing Liang and Houguo Xu
Animals 2024, 14(7), 997; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14070997 - 24 Mar 2024
Viewed by 658
Abstract
Lard (LD) and Basa fish offal oil (BFO) have similar fatty acid profiles, both containing high contents of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of partial or complete replacement of marine fish [...] Read more.
Lard (LD) and Basa fish offal oil (BFO) have similar fatty acid profiles, both containing high contents of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of partial or complete replacement of marine fish oil (MFO, herring oil) by LD or BFO in the diets of tiger puffer. The control diet contained 49.1% crude protein and 9.28% crude lipid content including 6% added MFO. In other diets, 1/3, 2/3, and 3/3 of the added MFO was replaced by LD or BFO, respectively. Each diet was fed to triplicate tanks of juvenile fish (initial body weight, 13.88 g). A 46-day feeding trial was conducted in a flow-through seawater system. Each diet was fed to triplicate 200-L rectangular polyethylene tanks, each of which was stocked with 30 fish. Fish were fed to satiation three times a day. The complete replacement of added MFO (replacing 65% of the total crude lipid) had no adverse effects on fish growth performance in terms of survival (>94%), weight gain (360–398%), feed intake (2.37–3.04%), feed conversion ratio (0.84–1.02), and somatic indices. The dietary LD or BFO supplementation also had marginal effects on fish body proximate composition, biochemical parameters, muscle texture, and water-holding ability, as well as the hepatic expression of lipid metabolism-related genes. Partial (2/3) replacement of added MFO by LD or BFO did not significantly reduce the muscle n-3 LC-PUFA content, indicating the n-3 LC-PUFA sparing effects of SFA and MUFA in LD and BFO. In general, dietary LD or BFO reduced the peroxidation level and led to significant changes in the muscle volatile flavor compound profile, which were probably attributed to the change in fatty acid composition. The results of this study evidenced that LD and BFO are good potential lipid sources for tiger puffer feeds. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Insights into Lipid Metabolism in Aquatic Animals)
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11 pages, 1263 KiB  
Article
Contribution of elovl5a to Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Synthesis at the Transcriptional Regulation Level in Common Carp, Cyprinus carpio
by Hanyuan Zhang, Peizhen Li, Youxiu Zhu, Yanliang Jiang, Jianxin Feng, Zixia Zhao and Jian Xu
Animals 2024, 14(4), 544; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14040544 - 06 Feb 2024
Viewed by 635
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an essential nutrient for humans and plays a critical role in human development and health. Freshwater fish, such as the common carp (Cyprinus carpio), have a certain degree of DHA biosynthesis ability and could be a supplemental [...] Read more.
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an essential nutrient for humans and plays a critical role in human development and health. Freshwater fish, such as the common carp (Cyprinus carpio), have a certain degree of DHA biosynthesis ability and could be a supplemental source of human DHA needs. The elongase of very-long-chain fatty acid 5 (Elovl5) is an important enzyme affecting polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) biosynthesis. However, the function and regulatory mechanism of the elovl5 gene related to DHA synthesis in freshwater fish is not clear yet. Previous studies have found that there are two copies of the elovl5 gene, elovl5a and elovl5b, which have different functions. Our research group found significant DHA content differences among individuals in Yellow River carp (Cyprinus carpio var.), and four candidate genes were found to be related to DHA synthesis through screening. In this study, the expression level of elovl5a is decreased in the high-DHA group compared to the low-DHA group, which indicated the down-regulation of elovl5a in the DHA synthesis pathways of Yellow River carp. In addition, using a dual-luciferase reporter gene assay, we found that by targeting the 3’UTR region of elovl5a, miR-26a-5p could regulate DHA synthesis in common carp. After CRISPR/Cas9 disruption of elovl5a, the DHA content in the disrupted group was significantly higher than in the wildtype group; meanwhile, the expression level of elovl5a in the disrupted group was significantly reduced compared with the wildtype group. These results suggest that elovl5a may be down-regulating DHA synthesis in Yellow River carp. This study could provide useful information for future research on the genes and pathways that affect DHA synthesis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Insights into Lipid Metabolism in Aquatic Animals)
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