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Animals
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Ultrasonography in Equine Medicine
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Ultrasonography in Equine Medicine

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Equids".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2022) | Viewed by 5025

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Enrica Zucca

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Via dell'Università, 6 - 26900 Lodi, Italy
Interests: veterinary; equine internal medicine; equine sport medicine; cardiology; ultrasonography
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Elena Alberti

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Via dell'Università, 6 - 26900 Lodi, Italy
Interests: veterinary; equine internal medicine; equine sport medicine; cardiology; ultrasonography

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Ultrasonography is a non-invasive, practical, and inexpensive diagnostic tool that is widely used in veterinary medicine. As this technology continues to develop, the possibilities of using ultrasound to assess heart, vascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, and small parts diseases are steadily increasing. In addition to conventional grayscale ultrasound, several techniques have been developed and applied, such as Doppler, for the evaluation of cardiac and vascular flows, two-dimensional speckle tracking to investigate myocardial function, CEUS (Contrast-enhanced ultrasound) to evaluate blood flow and perfusion of organs, as well as elastography, that allows measuring the stiffness of tissues and organs in the body. The purpose of this Special Issue is to publish original research papers, case studies, and review articles focusing on the latest advances in equine ultrasonography.

Dr. Enrica Zucca
Dr. Elena Alberti
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Animals is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • ultrasonography
  • diagnostic imaging
  • CEUS
  • Doppler
  • elastography
  • equine
  • horses

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

24 pages, 2399 KiB  
Article
Ultrasound Morphometry and Mean Echogenicity of Digital Flexor Tendons, Suspensory Ligament, and Accessory Ligament of Digital Deep Flexor Tendon in Gaited Horses
by Jackson Schade, Anderson Fernando de Souza, Lorenzo Costa Vincensi, Thiago Rinaldi Müller and Joandes Henrique Fonteque
Animals 2023, 13(8), 1411; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13081411 - 20 Apr 2023
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Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the sonographic characteristics of the digital flexor tendons and ligaments of the palmar/plantar of the metacarpal and metatarsal regions in gaited horses, as well as to establish normal reference ultrasound values for Mangalarga [...] Read more.
The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the sonographic characteristics of the digital flexor tendons and ligaments of the palmar/plantar of the metacarpal and metatarsal regions in gaited horses, as well as to establish normal reference ultrasound values for Mangalarga Marchador (MM) and Campeiro breeds. Transverse sonographic images were obtained of 50 adult and healthy horses from the MM (n = 25) and Campeiro (n = 25) breeds. The images were taken in six metacarpal/metatarsal zones, and the following measurements were taken: transverse area, circumference, dorsopalmar/plantar length, lateromedial length, and mean echogenicity. Differences were observed between breeds in the fore- and hindlimbs, and, even when not significant, the Campeiro breed tended to have higher values for most variables and structures. Variations between zones and between structures in the same zone followed a similar trend in both breeds for all variables. In addition, the dimensions and variations between zones and structures were different between the fore- and hindlimbs, highlighting the need for specific values for the digital flexor tendons and ligaments of the metatarsal plantar region. In conclusion, the digital flexor tendons, suspensory ligaments, and accessory ligaments of the digital deep flexor tendon are influenced by the breed factor in gaited horses, and they are different between the fore- and hindlimbs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ultrasonography in Equine Medicine)
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15 pages, 1033 KiB  
Article
M-Mode Echocardiographic Measurements of Interventricular Septum, Left Ventricular Internal Diameter, and Left Ventricular Free-Wall Thickness in Normal Horses—A Meta-Analytical Study
by Mohamed Marzok, Mahmoud Kandeel, Hussein Babiker, Khalid M. Alkhodair, Alshimaa Farag, Hussam Ibrahim, Maged El-Ashker, Yousef Alghuwainem and Sabry El-khodery
Animals 2023, 13(5), 809; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13050809 - 23 Feb 2023
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to provide a systematic meta-analysis on echocardiographic measurements in normal Thoroughbred and Standardbred horses. The current systematic meta-analysis followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). All the available published papers on the reference [...] Read more.
The purpose of this study was to provide a systematic meta-analysis on echocardiographic measurements in normal Thoroughbred and Standardbred horses. The current systematic meta-analysis followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). All the available published papers on the reference values of echocardiographic assessment via M-mode echocardiography were searched, and fifteen studies were finally selected for analysis. In both fixed and random effect, the confidence interval (CI) for the interventricular septum (IVS) was 2.8–3.1 and 4.7–7.5; for the left ventricular free-wall (LVFW) thickness, it was 2.9–3.2 and 4.2–6.7; and for the left ventricular internal diameter (LVID), it was −5.0–4.6 and −10.0–−6.7, respectively. For IVS, the Q statistic, I-squared, and tau-squared were 925.3, 98.1, and 7.9, respectively. Similarly, for LVFW, all the effects were on the positive side of zero, with a range of 1.3–68.1. The CI indicated a significant variation among the studies (fixed, 2.9–3.2; random, 4.2–6.7). The z-values of LVFW for fixed and random effects were, respectively, 41.1 (p < 0.001) and 8.5 (p < 0.001). However, the Q statistic was 886.6 (p < 0.001). Moreover, the I-squared was 98.08, and the tau-squared was 6.6. By contrast, the effects of LVID fell on the negative side of zero, (2.8–83.9). The present meta-analysis provides an overview of the echocardiographic measurements of cardiac diameters in healthy Thoroughbred and Standardbred horses. The meta-analysis indicates variations in results among different studies. This result should be considered when evaluating a horse for heart disease and each case should be evaluated independently. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ultrasonography in Equine Medicine)
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