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Animals
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Feeds and Feeding Programs in Functional Meat Production
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Feeds and Feeding Programs in Functional Meat Production

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Animal Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2020) | Viewed by 20031

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. In Ho Kim

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Guest Editor
Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, No.29 Anseodong, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
Interests: swine nutrition; liquid feeding program; feed additive; dietary probiotic blend
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Balamuralikrishnan Balasubramanian

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Co-Guest Editor
Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gunja-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Interests: animal science; bioactive compounds of natural products; biomedical; nutrients; metabolites
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Shanmugam Sureshkumar

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Co-Guest Editor
Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, No.29 Anseodong, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
Interests: alternative feed additive; probiotics; organic acid; oral administration; chickens
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Feed resources for livestock have become increasingly scarce and are subject to competition, especially with food for human consumption. The efficiency with which an animal uses the feed and its ability to adapt to changing feeding conditions are of paramount importance. The feed cost for livestock contributes more than 50% to the total production cost for ruminant and nonruminant animals. For all livestock, feeds and feeding are determining factors for the physiological response of the animal and for the quality of animal products. It is also a lever that can be adjusted rapidly and reversibly to meet the nutrient requirements of the animals and to account for environmental, economic, and societal aspects in livestock production systems. An important challenge for research in pig/poultry farming systems is to propose new systems or to propose ways current systems can evolve to ensure sustainability. The aim of this Special Issue is therefore Feeds and Feeding Programs in Functional Meat Production in livestock production systems.

For this Special Issue, we invite original research papers covering any aspects of food programs in functional meat production: nutrition of monogastric animals, nutrition of ruminants, animal products (milk, egg, and their byproducts), meat quality, nutritional effect, and performance criteria. Additional topics include animal products (milk and meat science), muscle biology, product composition, food safety, food security, and functional foods.

Prof. In Ho Kim
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Animals is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • growth performance
  • nutrient digestibility
  • blood profile
  • fecal score
  • meat quality
  • monogastric animal

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 248 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Black Pepper (Piperine) Extract Supplementation on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Fecal Microbial, Fecal Gas Emission, and Meat Quality of Finishing Pigs
by Vetriselvi Sampath, Sureshkumar Shanmugam, Jae Hong Park and In Ho Kim
Animals 2020, 10(11), 1965; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10111965 - 25 Oct 2020
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 4295
Abstract
The study was conducted to assess the effect of black pepper extract (BPE) supplementation on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microbial, fecal gas emission, and meat quality of finishing pigs. A total of 180 crossbred [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc] finishing pigs [...] Read more.
The study was conducted to assess the effect of black pepper extract (BPE) supplementation on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microbial, fecal gas emission, and meat quality of finishing pigs. A total of 180 crossbred [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc] finishing pigs with average initial body weight (BW) of 53.7 ± 1.42 kg were used in 10-week trial and allotted to 6 dietary treatments (6 replications pens/treatment with 5 pigs per pen). The dietary treatments were: CON (basal diet), TRT1-CON + 0.025% BPE, TRT2-CON + 0.05% BPE, TRT3-CON + 0.1% BPE, TRT4-CON + 0.2% BPE, TRT5-CON + 0.4% BPE. Linear increase in body weight gain (BWG) (p = 0.038, 0.006) and average daily gain (ADG) were observed (p = 0.035, 0.007,and 0.006 respectively), during the overall trial in pigs fed increasing levels of BPE in supplemented diet compared to control. The dietary supplementation of BPE showed a linear increase (p = 0.007) in gain-to-feed ratio (G:F) at week 10. However, there were no significant results observed on average daily feed intake (ADFI) during the overall experiment. The total tract digestibility of dry matter (DM) was linearly improved (p = 0.053) with graded levels of BPE. In addition, BPE diet supplementation had linearly increased fecal Lactobacillus counts (p = 0.048) and decreased Escherichia coli counts (p = 0.031) in pigs at week 10. Furthermore, NH3, methyl mercaptans, and acetic acid was linearly decreased (p = 0.023, 0.056, 0.054) in pigs fed graded level of BPE supplementation. The inclusion of BPE in pigs’ diet had linearly increased (p = 0.015) backfat thickness at week 10. Thus, we concluded that BPE supplementation had positively enhanced the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microbial, fecal gas emission, and meat quality of finishing pigs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feeds and Feeding Programs in Functional Meat Production)
10 pages, 650 KiB  
Article
Effects of Feeding and Maturation System on Qualitative Characteristics of Buffalo Meat (Bubalus bubalis)
by Raffaele Marrone, Angela Salzano, Antonio Di Francia, Lucia Vollano, Roberto Di Matteo, Anna Balestrieri, Aniello Anastasio and Carmela Maria Assunta Barone
Animals 2020, 10(5), 899; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10050899 - 21 May 2020
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3789
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the effects of post dry ageing (PDA) period on meat colour and rheological characteristics in 16 buffalo bulls fed two different diets: with (FRS) or without (CTL) rye grass. Animals were randomly divided into two feeding groups and slaughtered [...] Read more.
We aimed to evaluate the effects of post dry ageing (PDA) period on meat colour and rheological characteristics in 16 buffalo bulls fed two different diets: with (FRS) or without (CTL) rye grass. Animals were randomly divided into two feeding groups and slaughtered at 540 ± 4.7 and 533 ± 7.0 kg of live body weight, respectively, for the CTL and FRS group. After five days post-mortem ageing (T0), Semitendinosus muscle (ST) and Longissimus muscle (LD) underwent a prolonged maturation process in a controlled meat chamber for 30 days (ST) and until 60 days (LD). After 30 days (T1), significant changes (p < 0.01) in meat colour (ΔE) in both muscles of the FRS group was recorded, while no significant change was observed in CTL group. The FRS diet had a positive effect on textural properties of ST muscle compared to CTL diet, as well as hardness, chewiness and gumminess. All qualitative characteristics improved in the first period of PDA but, whereas LD showed to keep improving, extending the post-ageing period by further 30 days, the ST becomes un-processable at 60 days. In conclusion, a combined used of fresh feeding and PDA period could enhance both tenderness and colour in animal fed FSR. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feeds and Feeding Programs in Functional Meat Production)
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12 pages, 607 KiB  
Article
Effects of Dietary Protein Levels on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, Serum Metabolites, and Meat Composition of Tibetan Sheep during the Cold Season on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau
by Xungang Wang, Tianwei Xu, Xiaoling Zhang, Yuanyue Geng, Shengping Kang and Shixiao Xu
Animals 2020, 10(5), 801; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10050801 - 6 May 2020
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 2742
Abstract
Dietary protein is a critical nutrient that directly influences the health and production of livestock. Recent studies showed that protein supplements could enhance the growth performance of Tibetan sheep. However, there is a lack of information regarding the influence of dietary protein levels [...] Read more.
Dietary protein is a critical nutrient that directly influences the health and production of livestock. Recent studies showed that protein supplements could enhance the growth performance of Tibetan sheep. However, there is a lack of information regarding the influence of dietary protein levels on carcass traits and meat composition. This study investigated the effects of dietary protein levels on growth performance, carcass traits, serum metabolites, and meat composition in Tibetan sheep during the cold season on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. A total of eighteen 1-year-old, healthy, castrated Tibetan sheep with similar initial body weights (31.7 ± 0.72 kg) were randomly divided into three treatment groups with different dietary protein level (low protein (LP, 10.1%); medium protein (MP, 12.1%); high protein (HP, 14.1%)) diets. The results indicated that the Tibetan sheep fed with the MP and HP diets had greater final body weights (BWs), average daily gains (ADGs), and average daily feed intakes (ADFIs) (p < 0.05). The MP and HP diets also improved the hot carcass weight, net meat (including the fat) weight, and bone weight of the sheep significantly (p < 0.05). Besides, the dietary protein levels could significantly affect the serum concentrations of growth hormone (p < 0.05). The diameter of muscle fibers in the MP group was significantly greater than that in the LP group (p < 0.05), while the density of muscle fibers showed the opposite trend. The dietary protein levels only significantly (p < 0.05) influenced the ether extract content and profile content of the longissimus dorsi muscle but had no effect on other parameters of meat composition. In summary, our results indicate that dietary protein levels affect growth performance, carcass traits, and meat composition and that diets containing 12.1% and 14.1% protein are recommended to obtain better production performance and meat products in Tibetan sheep, rather than a diet containing 10.1% protein, during the cold season on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feeds and Feeding Programs in Functional Meat Production)
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Review

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14 pages, 303 KiB  
Review
Toxicity of Canola-Derived Glucosinolate Degradation Products in Pigs—A Review
by Jung Wook Lee, In Ho Kim and Tofuko Awori Woyengo
Animals 2020, 10(12), 2337; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10122337 - 9 Dec 2020
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2535
Abstract
Canola co-products are widely included in swine diets as sources of proteins. However, inclusion of canola co-products in diets for pigs is limited by toxicity of glucosinolate degradation products. Aliphatic and aromatic glucosinolates are two major classes of glucosinolates. Glucosinolate degradation products derived [...] Read more.
Canola co-products are widely included in swine diets as sources of proteins. However, inclusion of canola co-products in diets for pigs is limited by toxicity of glucosinolate degradation products. Aliphatic and aromatic glucosinolates are two major classes of glucosinolates. Glucosinolate degradation products derived from aliphatic glucosinolates (progoitrin) include crambene, epithionitriles, and goitrin, whereas indole-3-acetonitrile, thiocyanate, and indole-3-carbinol are the major aromatic glucosinolates (glucobrassicin)-derived degradation products. At acidic pH (<5.7), progoitrin is degraded by myrosinases to crambene and epithionitriles in the presence of iron, regardless of the presence of epithiospecifier protein (ESP), whereas progoitrin is degraded by myrosinases to goitrin in the absence of ESP, regardless of the presence of iron at neutral pH (6.5). Indole-3-acetonitrile is the major degradation product derived from glucobrassicin in the absence of ESP, regardless of the presence of iron at acidic pH (<4.0), whereas thiocyanate and indole-3-carbinol are the major glucobrassicin-derived degradation products in the absence of ESP, regardless of the presence of iron at neutral pH (7.0). In conclusion, the composition of glucosinolate degradation products is affected by parent glucosinolate composition and hindgut pH. Thus, toxicity of canola co-product-derived glucosinolates can be potentially alleviated by modifying the hindgut pH of pigs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feeds and Feeding Programs in Functional Meat Production)
12 pages, 233 KiB  
Review
Organic Acids Mixture as a Dietary Additive for Pigs—A Review
by Dinh Hai Nguyen, Woo Jeong Seok and In Ho Kim
Animals 2020, 10(6), 952; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10060952 - 30 May 2020
Cited by 41 | Viewed by 5975
Abstract
Due to the increasing safety concerns about the risk of spreading antibiotic resistance in the environment, and the presence of chemical residues in animal products, using organic acids (OAs) to replace antibiotic in the diet of farm animals has increased considerably in recent [...] Read more.
Due to the increasing safety concerns about the risk of spreading antibiotic resistance in the environment, and the presence of chemical residues in animal products, using organic acids (OAs) to replace antibiotic in the diet of farm animals has increased considerably in recent years. It has been suggested that OAs could attribute to diverse elements such as antimicrobial activity, decreasing the pH of digesta particularly in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), slowing feed transit in the GIT to maximize feed digestion and nutrient absorption, inducing enzyme secretion and activity in the small intestine, and providing nutrients to intestinal tissue. It has been reported that OAs mixture might be more effective than individual OAs due to the synergistic effects of different pKa values and have a broad-spectrum activity. In conclusion, this review showed that an OA mixture, which can improve nutrient digestibility and growth performance, modulate intestinal bacterial populations and improve gut health, as well as decreasing gas emission, can be used as alternative to antibiotic growth promoters. However, the results of OA mixtures are not always consistent, and the response to dietary OAs could be affected by the type of OAs, dosage, feed formula, and the age of animals. In this review, we will give an overview of the current use of OAs mixture in swine feed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feeds and Feeding Programs in Functional Meat Production)
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