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Avian Influenza Virus Transmission and Pathogenesis: Why Does Influenza Successfully...
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Avian Influenza Virus Transmission and Pathogenesis: Why Does Influenza Successfully Jump between Some Host Species but Not the Others?

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Poultry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 November 2021) | Viewed by 3855

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Klaudia Chrzastek

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK
Interests: avian influenza virus transmission and pathogenesis; host-microbiome-virus interactions; avian immunology; metagenomics and comparative genomic analysis of viral pathogens

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In this challenging time as we continue our battle together against COVID-19, the prestigious and open access journal Animals published by MDPI, would like to present our scientific community with the opportunity to showcase research in Special Issue on ‘Avian Influenza Virus Transmission and Pathogenesis: Why Does Influenza Successfully Jump between Some Host Species but Not Others?’. Although we welcome articles on a broad range of aspects of avian influenza biology, there will be a significant emphasis on avian influenza virus transmission and new host adaptation. Influenza A virus (IAV) can change through antigenic drift and recombination allowing for the emergence of new strains and subtype combinations. The mechanisms by which viruses adapt to new host species, usually distantly related, leading to sustained transmission are still largely unelucidated. The co-evolutionary relationship between bird host and IAV may appear stable at the organismal level but is highly dynamic at the molecular level manifesting in a constant trade-off between transmissibility and virulence of the viruses.

This Special Issue will also include new discoveries that have emerged from the use of novel approaches to study avian influenza virus biology. The issue will explore avian influenza virus-host interactions, analyze changes in viral genomes under immunological or environmental pressure, and investigate strategies for controlling virus spread in different species. We also aim to create a broader perspective on this topic through an analysis of global patterns of influenza virus infection in wild birds in the context of host ecology and birds' behavior.

The issue will collect reviews and original articles that span general virology, immunology, evolutionary biology and ecology, virus transmission, and disease control and prevention. We are also seeking articles on applications of high-throughput sequencing technology in avian influenza virus detection and characterization. Furthermore, articles that regard wild bird migratory flyways and their impact on the spread of avian influenza virus are also welcome.

Dr. Klaudia Chrzastek
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Animals is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Host-virus interactions
  • Virus adaptation and transmission
  • Immunology of avian influenza virus
  • Evolution and ecology of avian influenza virus
  • Vaccination and novel approaches to vaccine development
  • Migratory flyways and its role in the spread of avian influenza virus
  • Surveillance and diagnostics

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

25 pages, 7039 KiB  
Article
Age-Associated Changes in Recombinant H5 Highly Pathogenic and Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Hemagglutinin Tissue Binding in Domestic Poultry Species
by Carmen Jerry, David E. Stallknecht, Christina Leyson, Roy Berghaus, Brian Jordan, Mary Pantin-Jackwood and Monique S. França
Animals 2021, 11(8), 2223; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11082223 - 28 Jul 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2315
Abstract
The 2014 outbreak of clade 2.3.4.4A highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) led to the culling of millions of commercial chickens and turkeys and death of various wild bird species. In this outbreak, older chickens and turkeys were commonly infected, and succumbed to clinical [...] Read more.
The 2014 outbreak of clade 2.3.4.4A highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) led to the culling of millions of commercial chickens and turkeys and death of various wild bird species. In this outbreak, older chickens and turkeys were commonly infected, and succumbed to clinical disease compared to younger aged birds such chicken broilers. Some experimental studies using waterfowl species have shown age-related differences in susceptibility to clinical disease with HPAI viruses. Here, we evaluate differences in H5 Hemagglutinin (HA) tissue binding across age groups, using recombinant H5 HA (rHA) proteins generated using gene sequences from low pathogenic (A/mallard/MN/410/2000(H5N2 (LPAIV)) and a HPAIV (A/Northern pintail/Washington/40964/2014(H5N2)) influenza A virus (IAV). Respiratory and intestinal tracts from chickens, ducks (Mallard, Pekin, Muscovy) and turkeys of different age groups were used to detect rHA binding with protein histochemistry, which was quantified as the median area of binding (MAB) used for statistical analysis. There were species and tissue specific differences in the rHA binding among the age groups; however, turkeys had significant differences in the HPAIV rHA binding in the respiratory tract, with younger turkeys having higher levels of binding in the lung compared to the older group. In addition, in the intestinal tract, younger turkeys had higher levels of binding compared to the older birds. Using LPAIV, similar species and tissues, specific differences were seen among the age groups; however, only turkeys had overall significant differences in the respiratory tract MAB, with the older birds having higher levels of binding compared to the younger group. No age-related differences were seen in the overall intestinal tract rHA binding. Age-related differences in rHA binding of the LPAIV and HPAIV demonstrated in this study may partially, but not completely, explain differences in host susceptibility to infection observed during avian influenza outbreaks and in experimental infection studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Avian Influenza Virus Transmission and Pathogenesis: Why Does Influenza Successfully Jump between Some Host Species but Not the Others?)
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