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Tumours and Leukocyte Research in Livestock and Companion Animals

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A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2022) | Viewed by 11801

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Urszula Lisiecka

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Guest Editor

Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
Interests: immunology; flow cytometry; image cytometry; microbiome; immuno-oncology; animal leukocytes; animal biomarkers
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Dorota Pietras-Ożga

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Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland

Special Issue Information

Dear colleagues,

Since the proper functioning of the immune system is critical for survival, the study of immunology is a matter of great importance. Unfortunately, the immune system can malfunction and incorrectly identify self-antigens, harmless food, or every-day substances as targets, leading to autoimmune diseases and allergies. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that the dysfunction of the host's immune system represents one of the major mechanisms by which tumors evade immunosurveillance. The immune system interacts with tumors over the entire process of disease development, progression, and metastasis. This complex cross-talk between immune cells and cancer tissue can both inhibit and enhance tumor progression. Hence, current immunology research in livestock and company animals should concentrate on revealing weak points of the immune response. Leukocytes function as crucial elements of the immune system, which is why learning leukocyte biology in animals is extremely important. Identifying leukocyte heterogeneity in animals and the characterization of their novel mechanisms of action can shed new light on the roles of leukocyte subsets in many diseases and cancers.

The topics of the Special Issue will cover, but are not limited to, leukocyte biology, leukocyte antigens, tumor biology, and associations between immune cell profiles and the progress of diseases and cancers. Moreover, we seek to address the issues of leukocytes in autoimmune diseases and allergies, microbiota regulation of leukocyte maturation and functioning in animals, leukocyte response during tumorigenesis, and tumor-infiltrating leukocytes (TILs). This Special Issue aims to provide an overview of recent advances in the above areas in livestock and company animals.

Dr. Urszula Lisiecka
Dr. Dorota Pietras-Ożga
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Animals is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

immune cells
immune response
animal leukocytes
avian leukocytes
tumour immunology
anti-tumour immune response
tumour microenvironment
cancer immunotherapy in animals
cancer treatment in animals
Tumour Infiltrating Leukocytes (TILs)

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 1591 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Phagocytic Activity, Oxygen Metabolism and Serum Amyloid a Concentration in Peripheral Blood of Mink with Subclinical Aleutian Virus Infection

by Andrzej Żmuda, Urszula Lisiecka, Katarzyna Dudek, Roman Dąbrowski, Bolesław Gąsiorek, Stanisław Winiarczyk and Krzysztof Kostro

Animals 2022, 12(8), 987; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12080987 - 11 Apr 2022

Viewed by 1246

Abstract

Aleutian disease (AD) is a chronic disease of mink caused by the Aleutian Mink Disease Virus (AMDV) that results in dysfunction of the immune system. The prevalence of asymptomatic AMDV infections suggests a necessity to explore their effects on the cellular mechanisms of non-specific immunity in farmed mink. The study evaluated the phagocytic activity and oxygen metabolism of peripheral blood granulocytes and monocytes in mink with chronic subclinical AMDV infection. Moreover, the intensity of inflammatory processes was assessed based on the serum amyloid A (SAA) concentration. The analyses involved 24 brown mink females aged 12–24 months. The experimental group (group I) consisted of mink with chronic subclinical AMDV infections, and the control group (group II) included healthy animals. The statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U rank test. Phagocytic activity of granulocytes and monocytes was carried out using flow cytometry, and SAA concentration was determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Compared with the control group, there was a significant decrease in the phagocytic activity and oxygen metabolism of granulocytes and monocytes in the AMDV-infected mink (p < 0.05). Additionally, it was found that the mean SAA value was significantly higher in the group infected with AMDV than in the control group (p < 0.05). The obtained data indicate that monitoring the serum SAA levels in mink with asymptomatic inflammation may help assess the health of mink and detect asymptomatic inflammation caused by AMDV infection. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tumours and Leukocyte Research in Livestock and Companion Animals)

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16 pages, 3524 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparative Expression Analysis of Innate Immune Markers and Phagocytic Activity in Peripheral Blood of Dogs with Mammary Tumors

by Urszula Lisiecka, Piotr Brodzki, Anna Śmiech, Janusz Kocki, Marcin Czop, Łukasz Adaszek and Stanisław Winiarczyk

Animals 2021, 11(8), 2398; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11082398 - 13 Aug 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2728

Abstract

Canine innate immune system role in cancer prevention and progression remains poorly understood. It has been revealed that innate immune cells could play a dual role in cancer immunology promoting or inhibiting tumor development and growth. Current immunotherapies target mainly the adaptive anti-tumor response and that may be a reason why they remain ineffective in a majority of patients. It is important to acquire detailed knowledge about innate immune mechanisms to broaden the diagnostic and therapeutic options and employ innate immune cells in anti-cancer therapies. In the present study, 21 female dogs of different breeds and types of spontaneous mammary tumors were investigated. The study aimed to find simple and cheap markers that can be used for preliminary diagnosis, prior to the surgical resection of the tumor. The differences in innate immune cell quantity and function were investigated between female dogs with malignant mammary tumors of epithelial and mesenchymal origin. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the percentages of CD5+ lymphocytes including CD5^low lymphocytes, CD11b integrin expression on leukocytes, phagocytosis, and oxidative burst. The number of CD11b lymphocytes was increased in tumors with epithelial origin compared to the control group. No significant differences were found between the percentages of phagocytic cells neither for granulocytes nor for monocytes. However, the phagocytes of canine patients with tumors of epithelial origin showed increased phagocytosis compared to the control group. The percentages of granulocytes that produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to E.coli and PMA were not altered in patients with malignant tumors compared to control. A statistically significant difference between the number of ROS produced by the single granulocyte was demonstrated only between the group of bitches with epithelial tumors and the control group in case of E. coli stimulation. The obtained results suggest that some innate immune cells may be involved in anti-tumor immune mechanisms and have the potential to be supportive diagnostic markers in canine mammary tumors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tumours and Leukocyte Research in Livestock and Companion Animals)

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13 pages, 8605 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Immunohistochemical Characterization of Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Canine Lymphomas

by Sergio Vázquez, Raquel Vallejo, José Espinosa, Noive Arteche, José A. Vega and Valentín Pérez

Animals 2021, 11(8), 2301; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11082301 - 4 Aug 2021

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3884

Abstract

Macrophages have been confirmed to play a significant role in the behavior of human lymphomas, albeit no consistent data are so far available in canine lymphomas. The present study characterizes the macrophages present in cases of canine nodal lymphoma and their relationship with the histological grade and the immunophenotype. Samples from the lymph nodes of 25 dogs diagnosed with lymphoma were selected. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the tumor immunophenotype (CD3 and CD20 antibodies) and macrophage characterization (Iba1, MAC387, CD204, CD163 and iNOS antibodies). Macrophage counting was performed in 10 randomly selected, high-power fields per sample. Generalized linear models with Poisson distribution were used for statistical analysis. A significantly greater number of macrophages (Iba1+) were detected in high-grade and B-cell lymphomas. The highest amount of both M1 (iNOS+) and M2 (CD204+ and CD163+) subtypes were observed in B-cell lymphomas. High-grade lymphomas showed a greater number of CD204+ and CD163+ cells and recently recruited MAC387+ macrophages. The latter were most abundant in T than in B-cell lymphomas. In conclusion, a significant population of macrophages is present in canine lymphomas, which constitute a heterogeneous population that shows variations in the amount and immunohistochemical profile according to the histological grade and immunophenotype. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tumours and Leukocyte Research in Livestock and Companion Animals)

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Review

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9 pages, 484 KiB

Open AccessReview

Characteristics and Applications of Canine In Vitro Models of Bladder Cancer in Veterinary Medicine: An Up-to-Date Mini Review

by Łukasz Nowak, Wojciech Krajewski, Bartosz Małkiewicz, Tomasz Szydełko and Aleksandra Pawlak

Animals 2022, 12(4), 516; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12040516 - 19 Feb 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2387

Abstract

Bladder cancer (BC) constitutes approximately 2% of all spontaneously occurring cancers in dogs. It is characterized by a devastating clinical course in most cases, which emphasizes a constant need for the development of novel methods of disease characterization and treatment. Over the past years, advances in cell engineering have resulted in the development of various canine in vitro models of BC, emerging as complements for in vivo research. In this article, we aimed to review the available data on existing in vitro models of canine BC, focusing primarily on their characteristics, applications in veterinary medicine, as well as advantages and disadvantages. The most commonly used in vitro models of canine BC comprise immortalized cell lines grown as adherent monolayers. They provide an unlimited supply of research material, however, they do not faithfully reflect the conditions prevailing in vivo, since the spatial cellular interactions are lost. The importance of the three-dimensional (3D) features of solid tumors in relation to carcinogenesis or drug response process has resulted in the development of the first canine 3D models of BC available for in vitro research. So far, results obtained with in vitro and in vivo research should be interpreted together. With the constantly growing complexity of in vitro models of BC cancer, animal-based research might be reduced in the future. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tumours and Leukocyte Research in Livestock and Companion Animals)

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