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Atmosphere
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Biosphere-Atmosphere Interactions: Measurements, Models, and Model-Data Fusion
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Biosphere-Atmosphere Interactions: Measurements, Models, and Model-Data Fusion

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Biosphere/Hydrosphere/Land–Atmosphere Interactions".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2017) | Viewed by 28523

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Andres Schmidt

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Physical Geography and Climatology, RWTH Aachen University Wuellnerstr. 5b, D-52062 Aachen, Germany

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The exchange between vegetated land surface and the atmosphere covers a significant portion of the global cycle of energy, water, and greenhouse gases. Atmospheric exchange above ecosystems is an important component of the climate system from local to global scale. Since ecosystems and their respective exchange rates are influenced by varying environmental conditions, the atmospheric fluxes of carbon dioxide, water and energy, themselves, are also considered an indicator for changes of climate conditions quantified by related ecosystem responses such as alterations of net ecosystem exchange or changes in evaporation. Due to the functional interdependencies the biosphere-atmosphere interactions are not limited to ecosystem feedback but the biosphere, in return, affects the climate through changes of albedo, the energy budget, or changes in the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide driven by the biosphere–atmosphere exchange.

The complex interdependency of the ability of carbon uptake by vegetated areas and its drivers moved into the focus current and ongoing research. Giving its importance also in the context of climate change research, we invite papers that focus on the broad research field of biosphere-atmosphere exchange of greenhouse gases, energy, water, and volatile organic compounds for this Special Issue of the journal Atmosphere. This incorporates studies that focus on measurements or modeling (statistical modeling and process-based) of exchange processes, as well as studies that combine the two in data-model fusion approaches. We welcome your respective research manuscripts that are submitted by 30 April 2017.

Prof. Andres Schmidt
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • Land-Atmosphere Exchange
  • Carbon Cycle Modeling
  • Flux measurements
  • Process Based Biosphere Models
  • Statistical Biosphere Models
  • Micrometeorology
  • Eddy Covariance
  • Data Assimilation
  • Model-Data Fusion
  • Climate Change
  • Ecosystem Response
  • Remote Sensing of Biosphere
  • Volatile Organic Compounds

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

2689 KiB  
Article
Stomatal and Non-Stomatal Turbulent Deposition Flux of Ozone to a Managed Peatland
by Tarek S. El-Madany, Katharina Niklasch and Otto Klemm
Atmosphere 2017, 8(9), 175; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos8090175 - 16 Sep 2017
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 4848
Abstract
Ozone is a key trace gas in the troposphere; because it is a greenhouse gas, it is very reactive, and it is potentially toxic to humans, fauna, and vegetation. The main sink processes for ozone are chemical reactions and the turbulent deposition flux [...] Read more.
Ozone is a key trace gas in the troposphere; because it is a greenhouse gas, it is very reactive, and it is potentially toxic to humans, fauna, and vegetation. The main sink processes for ozone are chemical reactions and the turbulent deposition flux to the earth’s surface. The deposition process itself is rather complex: The interactions between co-varying drivers such as the tropospheric ozone concentration, turbulence, and chemical reactions are not well understood. In the case of ozone deposition to vegetation, another aspect that must be studied is the role of stomatal regulation for a wide range of conditions. Therefore, we measured turbulent deposition fluxes of ozone with the eddy covariance technique during the peak of the growing season in 2014 over a managed, rewetted peatland in NW Germany. The deposition flux was large during the day (up to −15 nmol m−2 s−1) and relatively small during the night (between −1 and −2 nmol m−2 s−1). Flux partitioning by applying the surface resistance analogy and further analysis showed that the stomatal uptake was smaller than non-stomatal deposition. The correction of stomatal conductance with the gross primary production (GPP) improved the estimation of day- and nighttime stomatal deposition fluxes. Statistical analysis confirmed that the friction velocity (u*) was the single most important driver of non-stomatal ozone deposition and that relationships with other environmental drivers are not linear and highly variable. Further research is needed to develop a better process understanding of non-stomatal ozone deposition, to quantify the role of surface deposition to the ozone budget of the atmospheric boundary layer, and to estimate uncertainties associated with the partitioning of ozone deposition into stomatal and non-stomatal fluxes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biosphere-Atmosphere Interactions: Measurements, Models, and Model-Data Fusion)
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2725 KiB  
Article
Variations of Energy Fluxes and Ecosystem Evapotranspiration in a Young Secondary Dry Dipterocarp Forest in Western Thailand
by Montri Sanwangsri, Phongthep Hanpattanakit and Amnat Chidthaisong
Atmosphere 2017, 8(8), 152; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos8080152 - 17 Aug 2017
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 5123
Abstract
Deforestation, followed by abandonment and forest regeneration, has become one of the dominant types of land cover changes in the tropics. This study applied the eddy covariance (EC) technique to quantify the energy budget and evapotranspiration in a regenerated secondary dry dipterocarp forest [...] Read more.
Deforestation, followed by abandonment and forest regeneration, has become one of the dominant types of land cover changes in the tropics. This study applied the eddy covariance (EC) technique to quantify the energy budget and evapotranspiration in a regenerated secondary dry dipterocarp forest in Western Thailand. The mean annual net radiation was 126.69, 129.61, and 125.65 W m−2 day−1 in 2009, 2010, and 2011, respectively. On average, fluxes of this energy were disaggregated into latent heat (61%), sensible heat (27%), and soil heat flux (1%). While the number of energy exchanges was not significantly different between these years, there were distinct seasonal patterns within a year. In the wet season, more than 79% of energy fluxes were in the form of latent heat, while during the dry season, this was in the form of sensible heat. The energy closure in this forest ecosystem was 86% and 85% in 2010 and 2011, respectively, and varied between 84–87% in the dry season and 83–84% in the wet season. The seasonality of these energy fluxes and energy closure can be explained by rainfall, soil moisture, and water vapor deficit. The rates of evapotranspiration also significantly varied between the wet (average 6.40 mm day−1) and dry seasons (3.26 mm day−1). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biosphere-Atmosphere Interactions: Measurements, Models, and Model-Data Fusion)
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21738 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of the Common Land Model (CoLM) from the Perspective of Water and Energy Budget Simulation: Towards Inclusion in CMIP6
by Chengwei Li, Hui Lu, Kun Yang, Jonathon S. Wright, Le Yu, Yingying Chen, Xiaomeng Huang and Shiming Xu
Atmosphere 2017, 8(8), 141; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos8080141 - 31 Jul 2017
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 7393
Abstract
Land surface models (LSMs) are important tools for simulating energy, water and momentum transfer across the land–atmosphere interface. Many LSMs have been developed over the past 50 years, including the Common Land Model (CoLM), a LSM that has primarily been developed and maintained [...] Read more.
Land surface models (LSMs) are important tools for simulating energy, water and momentum transfer across the land–atmosphere interface. Many LSMs have been developed over the past 50 years, including the Common Land Model (CoLM), a LSM that has primarily been developed and maintained by Chinese researchers. CoLM has been adopted by several Chinese Earth System Models (GCMs) that will participate in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). In this study, we evaluate the performance of CoLM with respect to simulating the water and energy budgets. We compare simulations using the latest version of CoLM (CoLM2014), the previous version of CoLM (CoLM2005) that was used in the Beijing Normal University Earth System Model (BNU-GCM) for CMIP5, and the Community Land Model version 4.5 (CLM4.5) against global diagnostic data and observations. Our results demonstrate that CLM4.5 outperforms CoLM2005 and CoLM2014 in simulating runoff (R), although all three models overestimate runoff in northern Europe and underestimate runoff in North America and East Asia. Simulations of runoff and snow depth (SNDP) are substantially improved in CoLM2014 relative to CoLM2005, particularly in the Northern Hemisphere. The simulated global energy budget is also substantially improved in CoLM2014 relative to CoLM2005. Simulations of sensible heat (SH) based on CoLM2014 compare favorably to those based on CLM4.5, while root-mean-square errors (RMSEs) in net surface radiation indicate that CoLM2014 (RMSE = 16.02 W m−2) outperforms both CoLM2005 (17.41 W m−2) and CLM4.5 (23.73 W m−2). Comparisons at regional scales show that all three models perform poorly in the Amazon region but perform relatively well over the central United States, Siberia and the Tibetan Plateau. Overall, CoLM2014 is improved relative to CoLM2005, and is comparable to CLM4.5 with respect to many aspects of the energy and water budgets. Our evaluation confirms CoLM2014 is suitable for inclusion in Chinese GCMs, which will increase the diversity of LSMs considered during CMIP6. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biosphere-Atmosphere Interactions: Measurements, Models, and Model-Data Fusion)
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1465 KiB  
Article
Parameterization of Evapotranspiration Estimation for Two Typical East Asian Crops
by Peng Zhao and Johannes Lüers
Atmosphere 2017, 8(6), 111; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos8060111 - 20 Jun 2017
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 5355
Abstract
Estimation of evapotranspiration plays an important role in understanding the water cycle on the earth, especially the water budget in agricultural ecosystems. The parameterization approach of the Penman-Monteith-Katerji-Perrier (PM-KP) model, accounting for the influence of meteorological variables and aerodynamic resistance on surface resistance, [...] Read more.
Estimation of evapotranspiration plays an important role in understanding the water cycle on the earth, especially the water budget in agricultural ecosystems. The parameterization approach of the Penman-Monteith-Katerji-Perrier (PM-KP) model, accounting for the influence of meteorological variables and aerodynamic resistance on surface resistance, was proposed in the literature, but it has not been applied to Asian croplands, and its error and sensitivity have not been reported yet. In this study, the estimation of evapotranspiration on half-hourly scale was carried out for two typical East Asian cropland research sites, and evaluated by using eddy-covariance measurements corrected with the energy-balance-closure concept. Sensitivity coefficients as well as systematic bias and random errors of the PM-KP approach were used to evaluate the model performance. Different distributions of the calibration coefficients between different crops were reported for the first time, indicating that the calibration of this model was more stable for the rice field than for the potato field. The commonly-used parameterization approach suggested by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) was used as reference and was site-specifically optimized. The results suggest that the PM-KP approach would be a better alternative than the PM-FAO approach for estimating evapotranspiration for the flooded rice field, and an acceptable alternative for rain-fed croplands when the soil is well watered and the air is humid during the summer monsoon. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biosphere-Atmosphere Interactions: Measurements, Models, and Model-Data Fusion)
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2551 KiB  
Article
Understanding the Partitioning of the Available Energy over the Semi-Arid Areas of the Loess Plateau, China
by Guanghui Yuan, Lei Zhang, Jiening Liang, Xianjie Cao, Hui Liu and Zhaohong Yang
Atmosphere 2017, 8(5), 87; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos8050087 - 22 May 2017
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4925
Abstract
To investigate the mechanism of available energy partitioning to sensible and latent heat fluxes over semi-arid regions, data from the Semi-Arid Climate and Environment Observatory of Lanzhou University (SACOL) were analyzed to assess the effects of soil moisture, net radiation, and vapor pressure [...] Read more.
To investigate the mechanism of available energy partitioning to sensible and latent heat fluxes over semi-arid regions, data from the Semi-Arid Climate and Environment Observatory of Lanzhou University (SACOL) were analyzed to assess the effects of soil moisture, net radiation, and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) on available energy partitioning, as quantified by Bowen ratio. It was found that the Bowen ratio decreased rapidly with increasing soil moisture when soil was dry but was insensitive to the change in soil moisture when soil became wet. Net radiation and VPD affected the sensitivity of the Bowen ratio to soil moisture under dry conditions and the soil moisture threshold above which the Bowen ratio became insensitive to soil moisture. The Bowen ratio increases with net radiation at a high level of VPD, while the Bowen ratio first increases and then decreases with net radiation at a low level of VPD. Reduced soil moisture enhanced the effects of the net radiation and VPD on available energy partitioning. The effects of the VPD on Bowen ratio depended on the relative strength of the positive and negative impacts of VPD on the latent heat flux under different soil and net radiation conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biosphere-Atmosphere Interactions: Measurements, Models, and Model-Data Fusion)
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