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Parameterization of Near-Surface Turbulence Processes in Atmospheric Models: Past, Present...
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Parameterization of Near-Surface Turbulence Processes in Atmospheric Models: Past, Present and Future

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Atmospheric Techniques, Instruments, and Modeling".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2021) | Viewed by 10884

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Piyush Srivastava

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Centre of Excellence in Disaster Mitigation and Management, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
2. Visiting Researcher at School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
Interests: boundary layer meteorology; parameterization of near-surface turbulence processes
Dr. Pramod Kumar

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Interests: air pollution dispersion modelling; CFD modeling, inverse modeling and data assimilation; boundary layer meteorology; air quality analysis; receptor modeling; applied mathematics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The application of atmospheric boundary layer studies arises in many areas such as regional weather forecasting, air pollutant dispersion, and air quality assessment, and prediction of track and intensity of the tropical cyclone. One of the key challenges for operational models to accurately forecast daily weather and air quality is the adequate representation of boundary layer processes in the atmospheric models. Although significant progress has been made in this direction, proper representation of various turbulence regimes in the atmospheric boundary layer still present challenges to numerical models. The uncertainty in the representation of these regimes is mostly because of our limited understanding of the near-surface atmospheric processes; that, in turn, is due to the lack of in-situ measurements required to characterize these processes.

This special issue will be focused on original research related to observational and theoretical studies of the atmospheric boundary layer process and related application studies. We also welcome a detailed review papers related to the current status of parameterization of near-surface turbulence processes in the atmospheric models.

Relevant topics include, but are not limited to:

  1. Improved understanding of near-surface atmospheric processes through the analysis of in-situ measurements.
  2. Parameterization of surface fluxes of heat momentum and moisture in weather and climate models under varying atmospheric stability conditions.
  3. Modeling and theoretical studies of surface-atmosphere interaction processes and their significance in air-quality and dispersion modeling.
  4. Studies related to the sensitivity of the climate model projections to the representation of atmospheric boundary/surface layer processes.
  5. New observational datasets and microscale scale CFD modeling for atmospheric boundary layer.

Dr. Piyush Srivastava
Dr. Pramod Kumar
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Atmosphere is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • atmospheric boundary layer
  • parameterization
  • weather and climate modeling
  • CFD modeling
  • atmospheric dispersion
  • turbulence data

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 16537 KiB  
Article
7 February Chamoli (Uttarakhand, India) Rock-Ice Avalanche Disaster: Model-Simulated Prevailing Meteorological Conditions
by Piyush Srivastava, Prabhakar Namdev and Praveen Kumar Singh
Atmosphere 2022, 13(2), 267; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13020267 - 5 Feb 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4285
Abstract
The present study aims to analyze the high-resolution model-simulated meteorological conditions during the Chamoli rock-ice avalanche event, which occurred on 7 February 2021 in the Chamoli district of Uttarakhand, India (30.37° N, 79.73° E). The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is used [...] Read more.
The present study aims to analyze the high-resolution model-simulated meteorological conditions during the Chamoli rock-ice avalanche event, which occurred on 7 February 2021 in the Chamoli district of Uttarakhand, India (30.37° N, 79.73° E). The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is used to simulate the spatiotemporal distribution of meteorological variables pre- and post-event. The numerical simulations are carried out over two fine resolution nested model domains covering the Uttarakhand region over a period of 2 weeks (2 February to 13 February 2021). The model-simulated meteorological variables, e.g., air temperature, surface temperature, turbulent heat flux, radiative fluxes, heat and momentum transfer coefficients, specific humidity and upper wind patterns, were found to show significant departures from their usual patterns starting from 72 h until a few hours before the rock-ice avalanche event. The average 2 m air and surface temperatures near the avalanche site during the 48 h before the event were found to be much lower than the average temperatures post-event. In-situ observations and the ERA5-Land dataset also confirm these findings. The total turbulent heat flux mostly remained downward (negative) in the 72 h before the event and was found to have an exceptionally large negative value a few hours before the rock-ice avalanche event. The model-simulated rainfall and Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM, IMERG)-derived rainfall suggest that the part of the Himalayan region falling in the simulation domain received a significant amount of rainfall on 4 February, around 48 h prior to the event, while the rest of the days pre- and post-event were mostly dry. The results presented here might be helpful in further studies to identify the possible trigger factors of this event. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Parameterization of Near-Surface Turbulence Processes in Atmospheric Models: Past, Present and Future)
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20 pages, 5269 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Lead Patterns on Mean Profiles of Wind, Temperature, and Turbulent Fluxes in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer over Sea Ice
by Janosch Michaelis and Christof Lüpkes
Atmosphere 2022, 13(1), 148; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13010148 - 17 Jan 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3348
Abstract
In the polar regions, the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) characteristics are strongly influenced by convection over leads, which are elongated channels in the sea ice covered ocean. The effects on the ABL depend on meteorological forcing and lead geometry. In non-convection-resolving models, in [...] Read more.
In the polar regions, the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) characteristics are strongly influenced by convection over leads, which are elongated channels in the sea ice covered ocean. The effects on the ABL depend on meteorological forcing and lead geometry. In non-convection-resolving models, in which several leads of potentially different characteristics might be present in a single grid cell, such surface characteristics and the corresponding ABL patterns are not resolved. Our main goal is to investigate potential implications for such models when these subgrid-scale patterns are not considered appropriately. We performed non-eddy-resolving microscale simulations over five different domains with leads of different widths separated by 100% sea ice. We also performed coarser-resolved simulations over a domain representing a few grid cells of a regional climate model, wherein leads were not resolved but accounted for via a fractional sea ice cover of 91% in each cell. Domain size and mean sea ice concentration were the same in all simulations. Differences in the domain-averaged ABL profiles and patterns of wind, temperature, and turbulent fluxes indicate a strong impact of both the leads and their geometry. Additional evaluations of different turbulence parameterizations show large effects by both gradient-independent heat transport and vertical entrainment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Parameterization of Near-Surface Turbulence Processes in Atmospheric Models: Past, Present and Future)
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16 pages, 3470 KiB  
Article
Assessment of Aerosol Mechanisms and Aerosol Meteorology Feedback over an Urban Airshed in India Using a Chemical Transport Model
by Medhavi Gupta and Manju Mohan
Atmosphere 2021, 12(11), 1417; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12111417 - 28 Oct 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2367
Abstract
The direct aerosol-radiative effects in the WRF-Chem model account for scattering/absorption of solar radiation due to aerosols, while aerosol–cloud interactions result in modifying wet scavenging of the ambient concentrations as an indirect aerosol effect. In this study, impact of aerosol on meteorological parameters, [...] Read more.
The direct aerosol-radiative effects in the WRF-Chem model account for scattering/absorption of solar radiation due to aerosols, while aerosol–cloud interactions result in modifying wet scavenging of the ambient concentrations as an indirect aerosol effect. In this study, impact of aerosol on meteorological parameters, PM10 and ozone concentrations are analysed which revealed (i) that a net decrease in shortwave and longwave radiation by direct feedback results in decrease in temperature up to 0.05 K, (ii) that a net increase due to longwave and shortwave radiation when both direct and indirect effects are taken together results in an increase in temperature up to 0.25 K (where the mean of temperature is 33.5 °C and standard deviation 2.13 °C), (iii) a marginal increase in boundary layer height of 50 m with increase in temperature with feedbacks, (iv) overall net increase in radiation by direct and indirect effect together result in an increase in PM10 concentration up to 12 μg m−3 (with PM10 mean as 84.5 μg m−3 and standard deviation 28 μg m−3) and an increase in ozone concentration up to 3 μg m−3 (with ozone mean as 29.65 μg m−3 and standard deviation 5.2 μg m−3) mainly due to net increase in temperature. Furthermore, impact of sensitivity of different aerosol mechanisms on PM10 concentrations was scrutinized for two different mechanisms that revealed underestimation by both of the mechanisms with MOSAIC scheme, showing less fractional bias than MADE/SORGAM. For the dust storm period, MOSAIC scheme simulated higher mass concentrations than MADE/SORGAM scheme and performed well for dust-storm days while closely capturing the peaks of high dust concentrations. This study is one of the first few to demonstrate the impact of both direct and indirect aerosol feedback on local meteorology and air quality using a meteorology–chemistry modelling framework; the WRF-Chem model in a tropical urban airshed in India located in semi-arid climatic zone. It is inferred that semi-arid climatic conditions behave in a vastly different manner than other climatic zones for direct and indirect radiative feedback effects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Parameterization of Near-Surface Turbulence Processes in Atmospheric Models: Past, Present and Future)
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