High Energy Density Supercapacitors: Acquisition, Characterization, and Application: 2nd Edition

A special issue of Batteries (ISSN 2313-0105). This special issue belongs to the section "Supercapacitors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 28 August 2026 | Viewed by 3933

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, Dr. A. P. Podeanu 144, 300569 Timisoara, Romania
Interests: supercapacitors; electrodes; flexible supercapacitor electrode materials; nanomaterial synthesis; composite structures; physical chemistry characterization
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The aim of this Special Issue is to publish high-quality research papers addressing the current and future advances in the development, characterization and application of supercapacitors.

Over the past two decades, the market for electronic and electric mobile vehicles and portable electronic devices has constantly developed and the demand for cost-effective and highly efficient energy storage devices has stimulated research into high-density electrochemical energy storage technologies that can deliver large amounts of power for long periods of time.

Supercapacitors are materials that exhibit high power densities but low energy densities; thus, to further improve the energy densities of supercapacitors, it is important to design and synthesize new electrode materials. Also, in ideal energy storage systems, long-term stability and energy/power characteristics are crucial.

In particular, topics of interest for this Special Issue include, but are not limited to:

  • Methodologies for improving the energy density of supercapacitors, such as doping the active electrode with pseudocapacitive materials; transition metal oxides/rare earths or doping with electronically conducting polymers; the manufacture of three-dimensional (3-D) structures; the use of active carbon electrodes with a large surface; and the modification of the functional groups on the surfaces of electrodes, etc.
  • Obtaining and characterizing supercapacitors and applying their special properties by integrating them into wearable or implantable biomedical devices, rechargeable sensors, military applications, automobiles, emerging technologies, etc.

Dr. Carmen Lǎzǎu
Dr. Cornelia Bandas
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • supercapacitors
  • electrodes
  • pseudocapacitive materials
  • carbon electrodes
  • rechargeable sensors

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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27 pages, 3544 KB  
Article
Dynamic Estimation of Load-Side Virtual Inertia with High Power Density Support of EDLC Supercapacitors
by Adrián Criollo, Dario Benavides, Danny Ochoa-Correa, Paul Arévalo-Cordero, Luis I. Minchala-Avila and Daniel Jerez
Batteries 2026, 12(2), 42; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries12020042 - 23 Jan 2026
Viewed by 744
Abstract
The increasing penetration of renewable energy has led to a decrease in system inertia, challenging grid stability and frequency regulation. This paper presents a dynamic estimation framework for load-side virtual inertia, supported with high-power-density electrical double-layer supercapacitors (EDLCs). By leveraging the fast response [...] Read more.
The increasing penetration of renewable energy has led to a decrease in system inertia, challenging grid stability and frequency regulation. This paper presents a dynamic estimation framework for load-side virtual inertia, supported with high-power-density electrical double-layer supercapacitors (EDLCs). By leveraging the fast response and high power density of EDLCs, the proposed method enables the real-time emulation of demand-side inertial behavior, enhancing frequency support capabilities. A hybrid estimation algorithm has been developed that combines demand forecasting and adaptive filtering to track virtual inertia parameters under varying load conditions. Simulation results, based on a 150 kVA distributed system with 27% renewable penetration and 33% demand variability, demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach in improving transient stability and mitigating frequency deviations within ±0.1 Hz. The integration of ESS-based support offers a scalable and energy-efficient solution for future smart grids, ensuring operational reliability under real-world variability. Full article
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Review

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28 pages, 2911 KB  
Review
Recent Progress of Biomass-Derived Carbon for Supercapacitors: A Review
by Anlin Li, Junming Xu and Jipeng Cheng
Batteries 2026, 12(1), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries12010018 - 1 Jan 2026
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1820
Abstract
Carbon materials are very important for the commercial production of supercapacitors and they are crucial electrode materials. The porous carbon prepared with biomass materials as a precursor is of significance due to its sustainability, environmental friendliness, and low cost. Biomass-derived carbon (BDC) has [...] Read more.
Carbon materials are very important for the commercial production of supercapacitors and they are crucial electrode materials. The porous carbon prepared with biomass materials as a precursor is of significance due to its sustainability, environmental friendliness, and low cost. Biomass-derived carbon (BDC) has been widely investigated and reported as the electrode of supercapacitors due to its abundant pores and high surface areas. In this work, the recent advancement of BDC for supercapacitors in the last three years is reviewed. The energy storage mechanism, synthesis techniques, and biomass classification of BDC are briefly summarized at the beginning of this work. Some new typical cases with different biomass resources as raw materials are addressed. Then, effective strategies to further improve the specific capacitance of BDC, including heteroatoms doping, designing composites, novel processes, enhancing graphitic degree, and unique preparation methods, are discussed in detail. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives of porous BDC for supercapacitors are outlined. Full article
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41 pages, 1635 KB  
Review
Photoresponsive TiO2/Graphene Hybrid Electrodes for Dual-Function Supercapacitors with Integrated Environmental Sensing Capabilities
by María C. Cotto, José Ducongé, Francisco Díaz, Iro García, Carlos Neira, Carmen Morant and Francisco Márquez
Batteries 2025, 11(12), 460; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries11120460 - 15 Dec 2025
Viewed by 902
Abstract
This review critically examines photoresponsive supercapacitors based on TiO2/graphene hybrids, with a particular focus on their emerging dual role as energy-storage devices and environmental sensors. We first provide a concise overview of the electronic structure of TiO2 and the key [...] Read more.
This review critically examines photoresponsive supercapacitors based on TiO2/graphene hybrids, with a particular focus on their emerging dual role as energy-storage devices and environmental sensors. We first provide a concise overview of the electronic structure of TiO2 and the key attributes of graphene and related nanocarbons that enable efficient charge separation, transport, and interfacial engineering. We then summarize and compare reported device architectures and electrode designs, highlighting how morphology, graphene integration strategies, and illumination conditions govern specific capacitance, cycling stability, rate capability, and light-induced enhancement in performance. Particular attention is given to the underlying mechanisms of photo-induced capacitance enhancement—including photocarrier generation, interfacial polarization, and photodoping—and to how these processes can be exploited to embed sensing functionality in working supercapacitors. We review representative studies in which TiO2/graphene systems operate as capacitive sensors for humidity, gases, and volatile organic compounds, emphasizing quantitative figures of merit such as sensitivity, response/recovery times, and stability under repeated cycling. Finally, we outline current challenges in materials integration, device reliability, and benchmarking, and propose future research directions toward scalable, multifunctional TiO2/graphene platforms for self-powered and environmentally aware electronics. This work is intended as a state-of-the-art summary and critical guide for researchers developing next-generation photoresponsive supercapacitors with integrated sensing capability. Full article
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