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Batteries
Special Issues
Batteries Aging Mechanisms and Diagnosis
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Batteries Aging Mechanisms and Diagnosis

A special issue of Batteries (ISSN 2313-0105). This special issue belongs to the section "Battery Performance, Ageing, Reliability and Safety".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 August 2025 | Viewed by 2133

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Lei Mao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
Interests: accurate online detection of new energy battery performance; abnormal status warning; predictive maintenance
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue, entitled “Batteries Aging Mechanisms and Diagnosis”, is devoted to the dissemination of high-quality original research articles or comprehensive reviews on innovations in this interdisciplinary field. In recent years, various types of batteries have been employed in fields such as automotive and energy storage power stations, etc.; meanwhile, concerns regarding battery faults and thermal runaway have increased significantly. To avoid these issues, various techniques have been utilized to correlate internal and external behaviors during the battery aging process, and these can be employed to determine the battery aging mechanism under various working scenarios. Therefore, various techniques could be employed to estimate battery aging and predict any potential faults, and be used in mitigation strategies.

The scope of this Special Issue includes, but is not limited to, the following topics:

  • Battery aging protocol and tests under various working conditions;
  • The simulation of the battery aging process;
  • Advanced testing techniques for battery properties during the aging process;
  • Battery aging pathway analysis mechanism;
  • The evaluation and prediction of battery aging behavior;
  • Battery fault diagnosis and thermal runaway evaluation methods.

Dr. Lei Mao
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Batteries is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • battery aging test
  • battery aging mechanism
  • battery aging evaluation
  • battery fault diagnosis

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 9758 KiB  
Article
Multistage Early Warning of Sodium-Ion Battery Thermal Runaway Using Multidimensional Signal Analysis and Redundancy Optimization
by Jinzhong Li, Yuguang Xie, Bin Xu, Jiarui Zhang, Xinyu Wang and Lei Mao
Batteries 2025, 11(3), 108; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries11030108 - 13 Mar 2025
Viewed by 537
Abstract
This paper proposes an early warning method for thermal runaway in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) based on multidimensional signal analysis and redundancy optimization. By analyzing signals such as voltage, temperature, strain, and gas concentrations, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is employed to evaluate the contribution [...] Read more.
This paper proposes an early warning method for thermal runaway in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) based on multidimensional signal analysis and redundancy optimization. By analyzing signals such as voltage, temperature, strain, and gas concentrations, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is employed to evaluate the contribution of each signal and reduce data redundancy, while correlation analysis further refines the signal set by eliminating overlapping information. The optimized signals enable a stage-specific warning framework, which identifies distinct phases of thermal runaway progression with high precision. Experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, showcasing its potential for real-time monitoring and enhanced safety management of sodium-ion battery systems in critical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Batteries Aging Mechanisms and Diagnosis)
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17 pages, 10085 KiB  
Article
Safety-Critical Influence of Ageing on Mechanical Properties of Lithium-Ion Pouch Cells
by Gregor Gstrein, Syed Muhammad Abbas, Eduard Ewert, Michael Wenzl and Christian Ellersdorfer
Batteries 2025, 11(3), 99; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries11030099 - 7 Mar 2025
Viewed by 680
Abstract
While the effect of ageing has been thoroughly analysed, to improve the cycle life of lithium-ion batteries, its impact on safety in case of a mechanical loading is still a new field of research. It has to be found out how mechanical properties, [...] Read more.
While the effect of ageing has been thoroughly analysed, to improve the cycle life of lithium-ion batteries, its impact on safety in case of a mechanical loading is still a new field of research. It has to be found out how mechanical properties, such as the tolerable failure force or deformation, change over the operational lifetime of a battery. To answer this question, mechanical abuse tests were carried out with pouch cells used in recent electric vehicles in a fresh state and after usage over 160.000 km. These tests were complemented with a detailed component level analysis, in order to identify mechanisms that lead to changed cell behaviour. For the analysed aged cells, a significantly different mechanical response was observed in comparison with the respective fresh samples. The tolerable force was severely reduced (up to −27%), accompanied by a notable reduction in the allowable deformation level (up to −15%) prior to failure, making the aged cells clearly more safety critical. Based on the subsequent component tests, the predominant mechanism for this different behaviour was concluded to be particle cracking in the cathode active material. The found results are partly in contrast with the (few) other already published works. It is, however, unclear if this difference is rooted in different cell chemistries or types, or another battery state resulting from varying ageing procedures. This underlies the importance of further investigations in this research field to close the apparent gap of knowledge. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Batteries Aging Mechanisms and Diagnosis)
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15 pages, 854 KiB  
Article
Lab-Scale X-Ray Exposure Has No Measurable Impact on Lithium-Ion Battery Performance and Lifetime
by Jinhong Min, Amariah Condon and Peter M. Attia
Batteries 2025, 11(2), 73; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries11020073 - 11 Feb 2025
Viewed by 645
Abstract
X-ray characterization is broadly used in battery research, development, manufacturing, and quality control. However, the impact of lab-scale X-ray exposure on battery performance and lifetime is not well understood. In this work, we evaluate the impact of lab-scale X-rays on battery performance and [...] Read more.
X-ray characterization is broadly used in battery research, development, manufacturing, and quality control. However, the impact of lab-scale X-ray exposure on battery performance and lifetime is not well understood. In this work, we evaluate the impact of lab-scale X-rays on battery performance and lifetime. We tested groups of cylindrical 18,650 cells using 2 min and 60 min X-ray imaging conditions; the performance and lifetime of these cells were identical to a control group without X-ray exposure. These results suggest that lab-scale X-ray characterization is safe for lithium-ion batteries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Batteries Aging Mechanisms and Diagnosis)
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