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Batteries
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Electrode Materials and Electrolyte for Rechargeable Batteries
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Electrode Materials and Electrolyte for Rechargeable Batteries

A special issue of Batteries (ISSN 2313-0105). This special issue belongs to the section "Battery Materials and Interfaces: Anode, Cathode, Separators and Electrolytes or Others".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 November 2024) | Viewed by 17183

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Lin Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute for Carbon Neutralization, College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
Interests: electrode materials and electrolyte for sodium-ion batteries and potassium-ion batteries

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Achieving carbon neutrality in the next few decades has gradually become the consensus among various countries. One of the most effective strategies is to increase the share of renewable clean energy (such as wind, solar, and geothermal resources) in the electric energy structure. However, renewable clean energy is generally intermittent, so its development closely depends on large-scale energy storage/conversion systems. Therefore, this Special Issue seeks papers which promote current research on this topic, which covers the main components (electrode materials, electrolyte, etc.) of rechargeable batteries and their preparation, characterization, and mechanisms in the transition towards carbon neutrality.

Prof. Dr. Lin Li
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Batteries is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • energy storage and conversion
  • rechargeable batteries
  • cathode materials
  • anode materials
  • electrolyte

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 11258 KiB  
Article
Adoption of Dimethoxyethane and 1,3-Dioxolane in Electrolyte for Fast Charging of Li-Ion Battery
by Sheng S. Zhang
Batteries 2023, 9(9), 466; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries9090466 - 14 Sep 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3106
Abstract
In this work, dimethoxyethane (DME) and 1,3-dioxolane (DOL) are studied as the co-solvent of an advanced electrolyte for fast charging of Li-ion batteries by using lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) as a salt and fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC) as an additive. It is shown that [...] Read more.
In this work, dimethoxyethane (DME) and 1,3-dioxolane (DOL) are studied as the co-solvent of an advanced electrolyte for fast charging of Li-ion batteries by using lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) as a salt and fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC) as an additive. It is shown that even when used with LiFSI and FEC, neither DME nor DOL constitute a suitable electrolyte for Li-ion batteries, either because of their inability to form a robust solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) with graphite (Gr) anodes or because of their oxidative instability against oxygen released from the delithiated LiNi0.80Co0.10Mn0.10O2 (NCM811) and LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA), respectively. However, using 30% FEC as the co-solvent can make 1:1 DME/DOL mixture compatible with high-voltage Li-ion batteries and combining it with conventional ethylene carbonate (EC) and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) significantly enhances the fast charging capability of Li-ion batteries. As a result, an advanced electrolyte composed of 1.2 m (molality) LiFSI 1:1:1:2 DME/DOL/EC/EMC + 10% FEC (all by wt.) offers much improved fast-charging performances in terms of capacity and capacity retention for a 200 mAh Gr/NCA pouch cell, compared with a 1.2 m LiFSI 3:7 EC/EMC baseline electrolyte. AC impedance analysis reveals that the significant improvement is attributed to a much reduced charge transfer resistance, while the advanced electrolyte has little effect on the bulk and SEI resistances. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrode Materials and Electrolyte for Rechargeable Batteries)
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12 pages, 3715 KiB  
Article
A Hollow-Shaped ZIF-8-N-Doped Porous Carbon Fiber for High-Performance Zn-Ion Hybrid Supercapacitors
by Mingqi Wei, Zhenlong Jiang, Chengcheng Yang, Tao Jiang, Linlin Zhang, Guangzhen Zhao, Guang Zhu, Lianghao Yu and Yuanyuan Zhu
Batteries 2023, 9(8), 405; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries9080405 - 3 Aug 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2101
Abstract
The advantages of low cost, high theoretical capacity, and dependable safety of aqueous zinc ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZHSCs) enable their promising use in flexible and wearable energy storage devices. However, achieving extended cycling stability in ZHSCs is still challenged by the limited availability [...] Read more.
The advantages of low cost, high theoretical capacity, and dependable safety of aqueous zinc ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZHSCs) enable their promising use in flexible and wearable energy storage devices. However, achieving extended cycling stability in ZHSCs is still challenged by the limited availability of carbon cathode materials that can effectively pair with zinc anode materials. Here, we report a method for synthesising heteroatom-doped carbon nanofibers using electrostatic spinning and metal-organic frameworks (specifically ZIF-8). Assembled Zn//ZPCNF-1.5 ZHSCs exhibited 193 mA h g−1 specific capacity at 1 A g−1 and 162.6 Wh kg−1 energy density at 841.2 kW kg−1. Additionally, the device showed an ultra-long cycle life, maintaining 98% capacity after 20,000 cycles. Experimental analysis revealed an increase in the number of pores and active sites after adding ZIF-8 to the precursor. Furthermore, N doping effectively enhanced Zn2+ ions chemical adsorption and improved Zn-ion storage performance. This work provides a feasible design strategy to enhance ZHSC energy storage capability for practical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrode Materials and Electrolyte for Rechargeable Batteries)
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15 pages, 3121 KiB  
Article
Integrated Design of a Functional Composite Electrolyte and Cathode for All-Solid-State Li Metal Batteries
by Zhenghang Zhang, Rongzheng Fan, Saifang Huang, Jie Zhao, Yudong Zhang, Weiji Dai, Cuijiao Zhao, Xin Song and Peng Cao
Batteries 2023, 9(6), 320; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries9060320 - 9 Jun 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2526
Abstract
Solid composite electrolytes exhibit tremendous potential for practical all-solid-state lithium metal batteries (ASSLMBs), whereas the interfacial contact between cathode and electrolyte remains a long-standing problem. Herein, we demonstrate an integrated design of a double-layer functional composite electrolyte and cathode (ID-FCC), which effectively improves [...] Read more.
Solid composite electrolytes exhibit tremendous potential for practical all-solid-state lithium metal batteries (ASSLMBs), whereas the interfacial contact between cathode and electrolyte remains a long-standing problem. Herein, we demonstrate an integrated design of a double-layer functional composite electrolyte and cathode (ID-FCC), which effectively improves interfacial contact and increases cycle stability. One composite electrolyte layer, PVDFLiFSI@LLZNTO (PL1@L), comes into contact with the LLZNTO (Li6.5La3Zr1.5Nb0.4Ta0.1O12)-containing cathode, while the other layer, PEOLiTFSI@LLZNTO (PL2@L) with a Li anode, is introduced in each. Such a design establishes a continuous network for the transport of Li+ on the interface, and includes the advantages of both PEO and PVDF for improving stability with the electrodes. The Li symmetric cells Li/PL2@L-PL1@L-PL2@L/Li steadily cycled for more than 3800 h under the current density of 0.05 mA cm−2 at 60 °C. Outstandingly, the all-solid-state batteries of LiFePO4-ID-FCC/Li showed an initial specific capacity of 161.5 mA h g−1 at 60 °C, demonstrating a remaining capacity ratio of 56.1% after 1000 cycles at 0.1 C and 74.5% after 400 cycles at 0.5 C, respectively. This work provides an effective strategy for solid-state electrolyte and interface design towards ASSLMBs with high electrochemical performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrode Materials and Electrolyte for Rechargeable Batteries)
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27 pages, 28839 KiB  
Article
Effect of Flame Retardants and Electrolyte Variations on Li-Ion Batteries
by Natalia Fulik, Andreas Hofmann, Dorit Nötzel, Marcus Müller, Ingo Reuter, Freya Müller, Anna Smith and Thomas Hanemann
Batteries 2023, 9(2), 82; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries9020082 - 26 Jan 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3258
Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries are being increasingly used and deployed commercially. Cell-level improvements that address flammability characteristics and thermal runaway are currently being intensively tested and explored. In this study, three additives—namely, lithium oxalate, sodium fumarate and sodium malonate—which exhibit fire-retardant properties are investigated with [...] Read more.
Lithium-ion batteries are being increasingly used and deployed commercially. Cell-level improvements that address flammability characteristics and thermal runaway are currently being intensively tested and explored. In this study, three additives—namely, lithium oxalate, sodium fumarate and sodium malonate—which exhibit fire-retardant properties are investigated with respect to their incorporation into graphite anodes and their electro/chemical interactions within the anode and the cell material studied. It has been shown that flame-retardant concentrations of up to approximately 20 wt.% within the anode coating do not cause significant capacity degradation but can provide a flame-retardant effect due to their inherent, fire-retardant release of CO2 gas. The flame-retardant-containing layers exhibit good adhesion to the current collector. Their suitability in lithium-ion cells was tested in pouch cells and, when compared to pure graphite anodes, showed almost no deterioration regarding cell capacity when used in moderate (≤20 wt.%) concentrations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrode Materials and Electrolyte for Rechargeable Batteries)
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10 pages, 1706 KiB  
Article
Enhancing the Catalytic Activity of Layered Double Hydroxide Supported on Graphene for Lithium–Sulfur Redox Reactions
by Junjie Xu, Rui Tang, Minghui Liu, Shuai Xie, Dawei Zhang, Xianghua Kong, Song Jin, Hengxing Ji and Tierui Zhang
Batteries 2022, 8(11), 200; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries8110200 - 29 Oct 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2002
Abstract
The lithium–sulfur battery is one of the next-generation rechargeable battery candidates due to its high theoretical energy density and low cost. However, the sluggish conversion kinetics of soluble lithium polysulfides into insoluble Li2S2/Li2S leads to low sulfur [...] Read more.
The lithium–sulfur battery is one of the next-generation rechargeable battery candidates due to its high theoretical energy density and low cost. However, the sluggish conversion kinetics of soluble lithium polysulfides into insoluble Li2S2/Li2S leads to low sulfur utilization, retarded rate responses, and rapid capacity decay. Here, we enhance the sulfur reduction kinetics by designing and synthesizing a lamellar-structured NiFeLDH and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composite. The assembly of a two-dimensional NiFeLDH with rGO, which has high conductivity and electrocatalytic activity, significantly enhances the electrochemical steps of sulfur reduction. The S@NiFeLDH/rGO cathode delivers an initial discharge capacity of 1014 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C and a capacity of 930 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 0.2 C. Even at a high current density of 1 C, the S@NiFeLDH/rGO could maintain a high capacity of 554 mAh g−1 after 400 cycles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrode Materials and Electrolyte for Rechargeable Batteries)
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Review

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18 pages, 5977 KiB  
Review
The Application of Cellulose Nanofibrils in Energy Systems
by Ruoyu Li, Dong Tian, Lei Chen, Bocheng Zhuang, Hui Feng, Qiang Li, Lianghao Yu and Yihan Ling
Batteries 2023, 9(8), 399; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries9080399 - 1 Aug 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3068
Abstract
Nanocellulose has emerged as a highly promising and sustainable nanomaterial due to its unique structures, exceptional properties, and abundance in nature. In this comprehensive review, we delve into current research activities focused on harnessing the potential of nanocellulose for advanced electrochemical energy storage [...] Read more.
Nanocellulose has emerged as a highly promising and sustainable nanomaterial due to its unique structures, exceptional properties, and abundance in nature. In this comprehensive review, we delve into current research activities focused on harnessing the potential of nanocellulose for advanced electrochemical energy storage applications. We commence with a brief introduction to the structural features of cellulose nanofibers found within the cellulose resources’ cell walls. Subsequently, we explore various processes that have been investigated for utilizing cellulose in the realm of energy storage. In contrast to traditional binders, we place significant emphasis on the utilization of solid electrolytes and 3D printing techniques. Additionally, we examine different application areas, including supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries, and Zn-ion batteries. Within this section, our primary focus lies in integrating nanocellulose with other active materials to develop flexible substrates such as films and aerogels. Lastly, we present our perspectives on several key areas that require further exploration in this dynamic research field in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrode Materials and Electrolyte for Rechargeable Batteries)
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