Li-Ion Battery Materials: Latest Advances and Prospects

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MEET Battery Research Center, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 46, 48149 Münster, Germany
Interests: battery research; analytical chemistry; lithium-ion batteries
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Guest Editor
Fraunhofer Research Institution for Battery Cell Production FFB, 48165 Munster, Germany
Interests: battery research; lithium-ion batteries; sodium-ion batteries; solid-state batteries; battery cell production; ceramic cathode materials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become an indispensable part of everyday life. The triumph of this battery technology is based on its superior properties in terms of energy density, lifetime, and safety. It is primarily the battery materials (both active and inactive) and their ongoing development that have led to the current performance. In particular, improvements in the chemistry and processing of the active materials and the electrolytes have significantly increased the specific as well as volumetric energies and improved both safety and cost efficiency. As LIBs are the technology of choice for energy storage in electric vehicles, they will play a decisive role in shaping a greener future. Therefore, LIB material development focuses not only on improving the properties related to battery application but also on improving the sustainability of the materials and, thus, also of the whole batteries.

To provide a comprehensive overview and deep insights into current LIB material developments and future prospects, this Special Issue will focus on the following topics:

LIB anodes, cathode active material, as well as electrolytes, including additive developments to improve:

  • Specific and volumetric energies;
  • Rate performance;
  • Lifetime (shelf and cycle life);
  • Safety;
  • Cost efficiency;
  • Sustainability (recyclability, alternative raw and processing materials, environmental impact, content of critical raw materials, (re-)synthesis).

Dr. Simon Wiemers-Meyer
Dr. Richard Schmuch
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • cathode active materials
  • anode active materials
  • electrolytes and additives
  • material processing

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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21 pages, 3433 KiB  
Article
The Role of Protective Surface Coatings on the Thermal Stability of Delithiated Ni-Rich Layered Oxide Cathode Materials
by Friederike Reissig, Joaquin Ramirez-Rico, Tobias Johannes Placke, Martin Winter, Richard Schmuch and Aurora Gomez-Martin
Batteries 2023, 9(5), 245; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries9050245 - 25 Apr 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3373
Abstract
To achieve a broader public acceptance for electric vehicles based on lithium-ion battery (LIB) technology, long driving ranges, low cost, and high safety are needed. A promising pathway to address these key parameters lies in the further improvement of Ni-rich cathode materials for [...] Read more.
To achieve a broader public acceptance for electric vehicles based on lithium-ion battery (LIB) technology, long driving ranges, low cost, and high safety are needed. A promising pathway to address these key parameters lies in the further improvement of Ni-rich cathode materials for LIB cells. Despite the higher achieved capacities and thus energy densities, there are major drawbacks in terms of capacity retention and thermal stability (of the charged cathode) which are crucial for customer acceptance and can be mitigated by protecting cathode particles. We studied the impact of surface modifications on cycle life and thermal stability of LiNi0.90Co0.05Mn0.05O2 layered oxide cathodes with WO3 by a simple sol–gel coating process. Several advanced analytical techniques such as low-energy ion scattering, differential scanning calorimetry, and high-temperature synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction of delithiated cathode materials, as well as charge/discharge cycling give significant insights into the impact of surface coverage of the coatings on mitigating degradation mechanisms. The results show that successful surface modifications of WO3 with a surface coverage of only 20% can prolong the cycle life of an LIB cell and play a crucial role in improving the thermal stability and, hence, the safety of LIBs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Li-Ion Battery Materials: Latest Advances and Prospects)
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13 pages, 4003 KiB  
Article
Spinel-Structured, Multi-Component Transition Metal Oxide (Ni,Co,Mn)Fe2O4−x as Long-Life Lithium-Ion Battery Anode Material
by Lishan Dong, Zigang Wang, Yongyan Li, Chao Jin, Fangbing Dong, Weimin Zhao, Chunling Qin and Zhifeng Wang
Batteries 2023, 9(1), 54; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries9010054 - 12 Jan 2023
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 4032
Abstract
Metal oxide anode materials are affected by severe volume expansion and cracking in the charging/discharging process, resulting in low capacity and poor cycle stability, which limits their application in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Herein, a new strategy is uncovered for a preparing spinel-structured, multi-component [...] Read more.
Metal oxide anode materials are affected by severe volume expansion and cracking in the charging/discharging process, resulting in low capacity and poor cycle stability, which limits their application in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Herein, a new strategy is uncovered for a preparing spinel-structured, multi-component transition metal oxide, (Ni,Co,Mn)Fe2O4−x, with oxygen vacancies as an LIB anode material. The as-fabricated material presented excellent reversible capacity and cycling stability, delivering a discharge capacity of 1240.2 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1 for 200 cycles and then at 300 mA g−1 for 300 additional cycles. It presented extremely long cycle stability even at 2 A g−1, revealing 650.5 mAh g−1 after 1200 cycles. The good lithium storage capacity can be ascribed to the entropy stabilization effect, the multi-cation synergistic effect, abundant oxygen vacancies and the spinel structure. This study provides a new opportunity to fabricate and optimize conversion-type anodes for LIBs with satisfactory electrochemical performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Li-Ion Battery Materials: Latest Advances and Prospects)
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14 pages, 3636 KiB  
Article
Design of Cuboidal FeNi2S4-rGO-MWCNTs Composite for Lithium-Ion Battery Anode Showing Excellent Half and Full Cell Performances
by Atin Pramanik, Shreyasi Chattopadhyay, Goutam De and Sourindra Mahanty
Batteries 2022, 8(12), 261; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries8120261 - 29 Nov 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2575
Abstract
Ternary metal sulfides are projected as advanced lithium-ion battery (LIB) anodes due to their superior electronic conductivity and specific capacity compared to their respective oxide counterparts. Herein, a porous composite of cuboidal FeNi2S4 (FNS) with 2D reduced graphene oxide (rGO) [...] Read more.
Ternary metal sulfides are projected as advanced lithium-ion battery (LIB) anodes due to their superior electronic conductivity and specific capacity compared to their respective oxide counterparts. Herein, a porous composite of cuboidal FeNi2S4 (FNS) with 2D reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and 1D multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) (composite name: FNS@GC) synthesised by an in-situ single-step hydrothermal process. The 1D/2D combined thin carbon coatings on the FeNi2S4 prevent aggregation during battery performance by increasing conductivity and resisting the volume changes at lithiation/de-lithiation processes. Consequently, the FNS@GC composite exhibits a commending electrochemical performance with a charge capacity of 797 mAh g−1 and a first cycle coulombic efficiency of ~67% with reversible capacity restoration property and excellent long-term cycling stability. Furthermore, FNS@GC//LiFePO4 full cell reveals its practical applicability as a LIB anode with a reversible capacity of 77 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1 current density. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Li-Ion Battery Materials: Latest Advances and Prospects)
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15 pages, 3095 KiB  
Article
Correlation between Lithium Titanium Oxide Powder Morphology and High Rate Performance in Lithium-Ion Batteries
by Hermes A. Llaín-Jiménez, Dominika A. Buchberger, Magdalena Winkowska-Struzik, Maciej Ratyński, Michał Krajewski, Maciej Boczar, Bartosz Hamankiewicz and Andrzej Czerwiński
Batteries 2022, 8(10), 168; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries8100168 - 8 Oct 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2964
Abstract
This study determined the measurable factor responsible for the high rate performance of lithium titanium oxide (Li4Ti5O12, LTO) powders in lithium-ion batteries. The structural and morphological properties of various Li4Ti5O12 materials and [...] Read more.
This study determined the measurable factor responsible for the high rate performance of lithium titanium oxide (Li4Ti5O12, LTO) powders in lithium-ion batteries. The structural and morphological properties of various Li4Ti5O12 materials and their correlation with electrochemical performance were analysed. The results showed that there was a strong correlation between high capacity retention at 10 C and the specific surface area. Other electrochemical and structural factors, such as the crystal size and pore structure, were not correlated with 10 C performance. We found that an increase in the specific surface area of Li4Ti5O12 above c.a. 15 m2 g−1 neither improved the high rate capacity retention nor its specific discharge capacity at high current rates. We also showed that the sol–gel synthesized lithium titanium oxide powders could retain similar or higher discharge specific capacities than materials synthesized via more complex routes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Li-Ion Battery Materials: Latest Advances and Prospects)
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Review

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29 pages, 4531 KiB  
Review
Cell Design for Improving Low-Temperature Performance of Lithium-Ion Batteries for Electric Vehicles
by Jincheng Zhan, Yifei Deng, Jiaoyi Ren, Yaohui Gao, Yuang Liu, Shun Rao, Weifeng Li and Zhenhai Gao
Batteries 2023, 9(7), 373; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries9070373 - 10 Jul 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 5799
Abstract
With the rapid development of new-energy vehicles worldwide, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are becoming increasingly popular because of their high energy density, long cycle life, and low self-discharge rate. They are widely used in different kinds of new-energy vehicles, such as hybrid electric vehicles [...] Read more.
With the rapid development of new-energy vehicles worldwide, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are becoming increasingly popular because of their high energy density, long cycle life, and low self-discharge rate. They are widely used in different kinds of new-energy vehicles, such as hybrid electric vehicles and battery electric vehicles. However, low-temperature (−20–−80 °C) environments hinder the use of LIBs by severely deteriorating their normal performance. From the perspective of material design, this review summarized and analyzed common methods of improving LIBs’ performance via structure optimization and material optimization, and the future development of methods in this regard is discussed. This review is expected to provide cell design ideas for enhancing the low-temperature performance of LIBs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Li-Ion Battery Materials: Latest Advances and Prospects)
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