Creative Methods, Images and Dreams in Psychotherapy: Methods, Processes and Results

A special issue of Behavioral Sciences (ISSN 2076-328X). This special issue belongs to the section "Psychiatric, Emotional and Behavioral Disorders".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 28 February 2025 | Viewed by 3648

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
1. Clinical Psychology, Catholic University of Applied Sciences Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
2. Faculty of Psychology, University of Basel, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
3. Psychotherapy Science, Sigmund Freud Universität Linz, Linz, Austria
Interests: analytical psychology; couple counselling; postmodern identity construction; narrative/interpretative research; media psychology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

At the very beginning of psychotherapy, working with dreams was introduced by Freud as a therapeutic method. A few years later, CG Jung introduced working with images and artistic creations in psychotherapy. The basic idea behind these approaches is that dreams, imaginations and other creative productions provide access to (unconscious) material that should be focused in the course of psychotherapy, and on the other hand, contain constructive impulses in the sense of resources which can support progress in psychotherapy. However, working with these methods has spread into many different psychotherapeutic approaches, even beyond psychoanalysis, and numerous therapeutic approaches and methodologies have developed either as part of broader approaches (e.g., in analytical psychology) or as distinct psychotherapies (e.g., Sandplay Therapy). Nevertheless, the process models of how these methods foster therapeutic change and research on such processes are still scarce, and the evidence base for the effectiveness of such approaches is limited.

We welcome submissions to this Special Issue, either in the form of theoretical articles and empirical studies, or as reviews and metanalyses which (a) develop theoretical process models of how creative methods, images and dreams support the process of change in psychotherapy; (b) investigate empirically processes of change in psychotherapies, making use of creative methods, images and dreams; (c) investigate empirically the efficacy and/or effectiveness of the use of creative methods, images and dreams in psychotherapies.

Prof. Dr. Christian Roesler
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • creative methods in psychotherapy
  • art therapy
  • dreams in psychotherapy/dream interpretation
  • images and imagination in psychotherapy
  • process models
  • efficacy/effectiveness studies

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 519 KiB  
Article
A New Way of Analysing Dreams on Its Profoundest Level: The Development of Motif Analysis and Phase Model (MAP) as an Extension of Structural Dream Analysis (SDA)
by Patrick Jenni and Christian Roesler
Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(8), 658; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14080658 - 1 Aug 2024
Viewed by 715
Abstract
Dream research today assumes that there is a connection between dreams and waking life. However, the structural alteration of dream motifs in connection with the psychotherapeutic process and waking life has not yet been researched extensively. This study depicts the development of the [...] Read more.
Dream research today assumes that there is a connection between dreams and waking life. However, the structural alteration of dream motifs in connection with the psychotherapeutic process and waking life has not yet been researched extensively. This study depicts the development of the new Motif Analysis and Phase Model (MAP), a dynamic method which allows research on the previous aspects. The following question was investigated as an accompanying key issue: can a connection be established between the course of the dream patterns and the agency of the dream ego as well as the dream contents and the course of the psychotherapies of the dreaming person as a whole? Four hypotheses were formulated and tested. The data material consists of 217 dreams of a male test subject. The motifs were analysed using Structural Dream Analysis (SDA) at first. Thereafter, the content was linked to the test subject’s waking life in a guided interview. The findings show a strong connection between the dream content and the psychotherapies as well as the test subject’s waking life. Five motifs with structural changes were found, through which the Phase Model with four phases was developed. At turning points, the transformative child motif also appears in the dreams. The course of the dream patterns and agency of the dream ego, however, has not changed. The results, the method and the generalisability were critically discussed and recommendations for future research were formulated. Full article
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13 pages, 253 KiB  
Article
Understanding Spontaneous Symbolism in Psychotherapy Using Embodied Thought
by Erik Goodwyn
Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(4), 319; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14040319 - 12 Apr 2024
Viewed by 1509
Abstract
Spontaneous, unwilled subjective imagery and symbols (including dreams) often emerge in psychotherapy that can appear baffling and confound interpretation. Early psychoanalytic theories seemed to diverge as often as they agreed on the meaning of such content. Nevertheless, after reviewing key findings in the [...] Read more.
Spontaneous, unwilled subjective imagery and symbols (including dreams) often emerge in psychotherapy that can appear baffling and confound interpretation. Early psychoanalytic theories seemed to diverge as often as they agreed on the meaning of such content. Nevertheless, after reviewing key findings in the empirical science of spontaneous thought as well as insights gleaned from neuroscience and especially embodied cognition, it is now possible to construct a more coherent theory of interpretation that is clinically useful. Given that thought is so thoroughly embodied, it is possible to demonstrate that universalities in human physiology yield universalities in thought. Such universalities can then be demonstrated to form a kind of biologically directed universal “code” for understanding spontaneous symbolic expressions that emerge in psychotherapy. An example is given that illustrates how this can be applied to clinical encounters. Full article

Review

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10 pages, 514 KiB  
Review
Sandplay Therapy and Active Imagination: What Are the Similarities and Differences? Reflections about Jung’s Writings on Active Imagination
by Yura Loscalzo
Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(7), 553; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14070553 - 29 Jun 2024
Viewed by 753
Abstract
Jung stated that active imagination is a fundamental component of the second phase of an analysis that can continue even outside the analytic setting. Since it can be conveyed through various expressive techniques, such as writing, drawing, and painting, it is possible to [...] Read more.
Jung stated that active imagination is a fundamental component of the second phase of an analysis that can continue even outside the analytic setting. Since it can be conveyed through various expressive techniques, such as writing, drawing, and painting, it is possible to argue that all forms of psychotherapy based on art (e.g., poetry, dance, and theater) originate from Jung’s contribution about active imagination. This paper focuses on Sandplay Therapy as one of the forms of expression rooted in active imagination. Apart from some critical differences between the two analytic processes (e.g., active imagination is usually prompted in the last phase of the analysis, while Sandplay Therapy might be used since the first sessions), there are several convergences. Among the principal analogies, consciousness lends its expressive means to the unconscious, which decides what to depict. Also, the resulting image is determined from both the consciousness and the unconscious and is related to the person’s conscious situation. Finally, I suggest that Sandplay Therapy—aside from contributing to the subsequent development of active imagination itself (as suggested by Dr. Carducci)—might also be used to practice active imagination in a “facilitated” and protected setting. It would help let the unconscious come up while creating the image in the sandtray, and it fosters the confrontation between the unconscious and the consciousness through the contemplation of the image in the sandtray. Full article
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