Supporting Student Mental Health and Learning through Effective Interdisciplinary Collaboration and Professional Workforce Preparation

A special issue of Behavioral Sciences (ISSN 2076-328X). This special issue belongs to the section "Social Psychology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 28 February 2025 | Viewed by 6676

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
Interests: school mental health; mental health promotion; socioemotional learning (SEL); evidence-based practice; trauma; risk and resilience; child and adolescent intervention

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Guest Editor
Department of Teaching, Learning and Educational Leadership, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
Interests: school-family-community partnerships; mental health programs and services; childhood trauma; adolescent girls and queer youth

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Guest Editor
Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
Interests: mental health-education system partnerships; school behavioral health (SBH); trauma; violence and youth; evidence-based practice; cognitive behavioral therapy; supporting military families

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Recent reports from the Surgeon General, the American Academy of Pediatrics, and the American Psychological Association indicate that an increasing and concerning number of students in the U.S. are experiencing mental health challenges. In the wake of the pandemic, a generation of youth is struggling with mental health, and rates of anxiety, depression, and suicidal thoughts are skyrocketing. This is especially true among girls and LGBTQ+ youth, who are experiencing the highest rate of sadness and hopelessness in a decade.

Schools represent a crucial setting to reach and help children. School mental health programs offer students and caregivers access to various support, ranging from prevention and early intervention to intervention. At the same time, student mental health needs are increasing; however, resources for addressing these needs are scarce. Many school districts are facing barriers such as a lack of educator training for identifying mental health needs, shortages of mental health providers, and teachers and administrators who are experiencing severe burnout and their own unaddressed mental health needs in the wake of the pandemic.

Encouragingly, well-documented, evidence-based strategies to best support students' mental health include providing advanced training and professional development for educators, school staff, and mental health providers, building workforce capacity, and fostering collaboration among education and mental health system professionals to augment traditional school mental health support. These efforts have proven effective in increasing access to mental health treatment for students and caregivers and decreasing burnout among school professionals.

This Special Issue highlights innovative, practical, and evidence-based strategies to help schools and educators support student mental health, describing effective professional development programs and best practices for advancing practice, research, and policy in building the capacity of schools to address student mental health.

Article Domains:

Effective professional development:

  1. Leadership (in all its forms, not just principals or superintendents);
  2. Educators;
  3. Mental health professionals;
  4. School staff (e.g., bus drivers, lunch aides, etc.).

Training and workforce capacity:

  1. Pre-service, graduate, and in-service training in support of interprofessional practice;
  2. Training to alleviate and address staff challenges (burnout, isolation, retention problems, capacity building).

Advancing practice, research, and policy:

  1. Examples of practice around building trust and understanding about student mental health needs for stakeholders;
  2. Models of educator evaluations and school outcome measures that account for the essential elements of comprehensive student school mental health strategies;
  3. Fostering effective community partnerships and collaborations for student mental health;
  4. Developing collaborative data systems to inform mental health interventions for students.

Dr. Brian Daly
Dr. Elizabeth Mellin
Prof. Dr. Mark Weist
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • mental health–education system partnerships
  • school behavioral health (SBH)
  • school mental health
  • youth
  • workforce development
  • professional development

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 262 KiB  
Article
Grow Your Own School Mental Health Specialists: A Policy Pilot to Address Behavioral Health Workforce Shortages in Schools
by Samantha M. Bates, Dawn Anderson-Butcher, Tyler Wolfe, Chris Ondrus, Sean Delaney, John Marschhausen, Olivia McAulay and Katie Klakos
Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 813; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14090813 - 13 Sep 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1324
Abstract
The capacity of schools to address behavioral health concerns presents an emerging challenge, exacerbated by major shortages in the workforce. Schools across the U.S. are struggling to hire licensed behavioral health professionals, with additional barriers encountered when seeking to hire practitioners with experience [...] Read more.
The capacity of schools to address behavioral health concerns presents an emerging challenge, exacerbated by major shortages in the workforce. Schools across the U.S. are struggling to hire licensed behavioral health professionals, with additional barriers encountered when seeking to hire practitioners with experience in educational settings. In 2023, a school district in the suburbs of Columbus, Ohio, partnered with The Ohio State University to launch a “grow your own” policy pilot. The priorities focused on addressing workforce shortages and leveraging the experiences of current teachers/staff to support growing needs related to student mental health and well-being. More specifically, the district utilized COVID-19 relief funds to recruit, train, and transition 25 teachers/staff into school mental health positions by underwriting the costs of each professional’s Master of Social Work (MSW) degree. Here, we (a) describe the district–university partnership and the processes guiding the implementation of the “grow your own” model, (b) distill preliminary findings about district needs regarding behavioral health, and (c) explore facilitators, barriers, and outcomes associated with learning among participants in the program. The findings from a district-wide staff survey indicated a high level of need for individual counseling, crisis intervention, and small group interventions. Additionally, qualitative interviews revealed that learning among the program’s participants was facilitated by effective classroom strategies and specific learning experiences integral to the program’s design. These facilitators supported key learning outcomes, including general social work knowledge, self-awareness, and therapeutic skills that are foundational for engaging with students, parents/families, teachers/staff, and the broader school community. This innovative policy pilot and training model demonstrate how universities and local educational agencies can partner to address workforce development challenges at the intersection of behavioral health and education. Full article
20 pages, 309 KiB  
Article
Prevalence, Best Practice Use, and Member Engagement on School Mental Health Teams
by Katelyn Wargel-Fisk, Amy M. Kerr, Margaret D. Hall, Nicole S. Litvitskiy, Paul D. Flaspohler and Amanda L. Meyer
Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(8), 716; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14080716 - 16 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1081
Abstract
School mental health (SMH) teams have been widely recommended to support multi-tiered mental health program implementation in schools. Available research suggests emerging best practices that promote effective SMH teaming and indicates the importance of having team members who are highly engaged (e.g., actively [...] Read more.
School mental health (SMH) teams have been widely recommended to support multi-tiered mental health program implementation in schools. Available research suggests emerging best practices that promote effective SMH teaming and indicates the importance of having team members who are highly engaged (e.g., actively involved, retained on the team). Despite evidence that these factors improve team functioning, there is limited knowledge of SMH team prevalence, best practice use, and factors impacting member engagement among a diverse sample of elementary schools. This study surveyed a cross-sectional sample of elementary principals (n = 314) across the United States whose schools implement multi-tiered SMH programs. Most principals (89%, n = 280) reported using teams to organize these programs. Schools in urban/suburban communities, with 300 or more students, or with specific school funding for SMH activities were more likely to have SMH teams. Only one-third of principals reported that their team members participated in related training. Other SMH team best practices were commonly reported (by two-thirds or more teams). Results of a linear regression model indicate that larger teams (six or more members) and teams with access to resources had significantly higher member engagement scores. The study’s findings provide recommendations for practice and future research directions. Full article
14 pages, 255 KiB  
Article
Qualitative Evaluation of the Impact of a School Mental Health Literacy Curriculum on Student–Teacher Relationships
by Kristen Figas, Tucker Chandler, Madison Niles, Brooke Chehoski, Brittany Parham and Mark D. Weist
Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(8), 649; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14080649 - 27 Jul 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1704
Abstract
Mental health literacy (MHL) programs, which aim to improve knowledge, reduce stigma and promote help-seeking behavior, are a promising approach to meeting the growing mental and behavioral health needs of youth. This study aimed to understand the relational impacts of a MHL curriculum [...] Read more.
Mental health literacy (MHL) programs, which aim to improve knowledge, reduce stigma and promote help-seeking behavior, are a promising approach to meeting the growing mental and behavioral health needs of youth. This study aimed to understand the relational impacts of a MHL curriculum on students and teachers. A MHL curriculum was delivered in middle school classrooms across 11 schools in two diverse school districts in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeast regions. Fifteen teachers and counselors who delivered the MHL curriculum participated in focus groups to describe their experiences using the curriculum and perceptions of its impact. Qualitative focus group data were analyzed via team-based inductive thematic analysis following a grounded theory approach. Findings indicate that educators perceived the universal school MHL program to have a positive impact on relationships amongst students and between students and teachers. Participants reported that the MHL curriculum helped to open conversations about mental health and related topics by developing common language and providing an opportunity to model vulnerability. Having these conversations improved classroom rapport and helped teachers develop deeper connections with students. As a result, teachers and students achieved greater empathy and students advocated more for themselves and their peers. Implications for integrating MHL programs into multi-tiered frameworks in schools to expand access to mental health supports are discussed. Full article

Review

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29 pages, 616 KiB  
Review
Effective Teacher Professional Development for School-Based Mental Health Promotion: A Review of the Literature
by Hannah L. Dinnen, Nicole S. Litvitskiy and Paul D. Flaspohler
Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 780; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14090780 - 5 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1842
Abstract
Teachers are critically involved in the delivery of school-based mental health promotion (SMHP) interventions in school, though pre-service teacher education often leaves teachers feeling underprepared in this area. Thus, understanding how best to build teachers’ capacity for delivery through effective professional development (PD) [...] Read more.
Teachers are critically involved in the delivery of school-based mental health promotion (SMHP) interventions in school, though pre-service teacher education often leaves teachers feeling underprepared in this area. Thus, understanding how best to build teachers’ capacity for delivery through effective professional development (PD) is essential for teachers to fulfill their role as delivery agents to achieve SMHP outcomes. This systematized review focuses on identifying components of high-quality teacher PD for SMHP and examining the empirical support for these components. In a two-phase analysis, we examined the descriptive literature regarding teacher PD for SMHP to identify common elements. This resulted in the identification of components relevant to training (interactive, guided by staff input) and technical assistance (TA), including the goals (skill development, motivation, generalization/adaptation), approach (collaborative, individualized, data-driven, strengths-based), and activities (modeling, performance feedback, reflection, problem solving) involved. A second phase focused on the examination of empirical evidence for these PD components. While the empirical evidence for these components was limited, the identified components represent a current standard of practice in teacher PD for SMHP, based on the existing research. These components may provide a framework for practical use in planning teacher PD related to SMHP and for designing future research into effective capacity building in this area. Full article
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