Impression Formation and Decision Making

A special issue of Behavioral Sciences (ISSN 2076-328X). This special issue belongs to the section "Social Psychology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2025 | Viewed by 1480

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Psychology, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DY, UK
Interests: social psychology; judgement and decision making; first impressions; science communication

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As social beings, we often make quick, instinctive judgments about others, primarily based on their appearance, especially when we meet someone for the first time. These impressions influence our decisions about the person. Previous research has demonstrated that people can form an impression of someone within a few hundred milliseconds based on limited information, and these social impressions are remarkably consistent—people generally agree with one another. Furthermore, evidence suggests that first impressions significantly impact real-life outcomes in fields like politics, business, education, and science, highlighting how relying on superficial information rather than in-depth processing can lead to biased judgements. This Special Issue will advance the literature on impression formation and decision making, focusing on themes such as the mechanisms of impression formation, the impact of impressions on decision making and real-life outcomes, cultural and contextual factors, and technological advances. We invite submissions on these topics and contributions that expand our understanding of the complexities of impression formation and decision making.

Dr. Ana Gheorghiu
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • impression formation
  • decision making
  • first impressions
  • person perception
  • individual differences
  • social perception
  • heuristics
  • dual-processing models

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

29 pages, 1470 KiB  
Article
The Relationship Between Face-Based First Impressions and Perceptions of Purity and Compared to Other Moral Violations
by Kate McCulloch, Yoshi Steele and Ana I. Gheorghiu
Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(12), 1205; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14121205 - 16 Dec 2024
Viewed by 612
Abstract
A trait labelled as “morality” has been argued to be perceived and prioritised during first impressions of faces; however, immorality is not a homogenous concept. Violations of purity are frequently distinguished from other violations via distinct behavioural and emotional patterns, arguably stemming from [...] Read more.
A trait labelled as “morality” has been argued to be perceived and prioritised during first impressions of faces; however, immorality is not a homogenous concept. Violations of purity are frequently distinguished from other violations via distinct behavioural and emotional patterns, arguably stemming from physical disgust, sexual content, or “weirdness” impure scenarios. In the current research, participants were asked to rate unfamiliar faces based on social traits and their likelihood of engaging in immoral or nonmoral behaviours. Across two studies, perceived engagement in most autonomy and purity moral violations but also the non-moral sexual and “weird” acts was predicted by lower facial morality. There was also a distinction wherein most purity violations and physical disgust were more associated with male gender, and most autonomy violations with ratings of high dominance. The scenarios also differed within categories, such as sexually impure scenarios and disgust associated with unattractive faces; while behaving “weirdly” and certain other purity violations were associated with low dominance. Taken together, our results suggest faces seemingly low on the trait labelled “morality” are perceived as more likely to engage in most immoral behaviours, but also in other socially relevant, nonmoral behaviours. Social judgements are also not homogenous within or between theory-based categories of moral violations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impression Formation and Decision Making)
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18 pages, 1903 KiB  
Article
Beauty and Social Interest Matter: Effects of Male’s Facial Attractiveness, Vocal Attractiveness and Social Interest on Female’s Decisions in Three-Person Games
by Junchen Shang and Yizhuo Zhang
Behav. Sci. 2024, 14(12), 1154; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14121154 - 2 Dec 2024
Viewed by 551
Abstract
Facial attractiveness, vocal attractiveness, and social interest influence two-person decision making. However, it remains unclear how these three factors jointly influence three-person bargaining. We investigated the impact of facial attractiveness, vocal attractiveness, and social interest on fairness decisions in a three-person ultimatum game [...] Read more.
Facial attractiveness, vocal attractiveness, and social interest influence two-person decision making. However, it remains unclear how these three factors jointly influence three-person bargaining. We investigated the impact of facial attractiveness, vocal attractiveness, and social interest on fairness decisions in a three-person ultimatum game and a third-party punishment dictator game. The results of the ultimatum game showed that in the condition of positive social interest, the acceptance rate of unfair/fair offers was higher when third players had attractive faces or attractive voices. Attractive faces of third players also increased acceptance rates of unfair/unfair offers than unattractive faces when third players expressed negative social interest. In the third-party punishment game, participants rated unfair allocations from unattractive-voice proposers with attractive faces (compared to unattractive faces) and proposers who expressed negative social interest (compared to positive social interest) as more reasonable. Regarding the punishment intentions, among the three factors, both the effect of vocal attractiveness and social interest were modulated by the combinations of the other two factors, while the effect of facial attractiveness remains robust across all conditions. These findings suggest that fairness decisions in three-person bargaining games are affected by beauty premium and social interest, while these effects vary across different decision contexts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impression Formation and Decision Making)
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Planned Papers

The below list represents only planned manuscripts. Some of these manuscripts have not been received by the Editorial Office yet. Papers submitted to MDPI journals are subject to peer-review.

Title: The relationship between face-based first impressions and perceptions of purity and compared to other moral violations
Authors: Kate McCulloch1*, Yoshi Steele2, and Ana I. Gheorghiu2
Affiliation: University of Suffolk University of Portsmouth
Abstract: Morality is prioritised during first impressions of faces; however, immorality is not a homogenous concept. Violations of purity and autonomy are frequently distinguished due to distinct behavioural and emotional patterns, sometimes argued to stem from the physical disgust, sexual content, or “weirdness” of the impure scenarios. Our participants were asked to rate unfamiliar faces on social traits or the person’s likelihood to engage in an immoral or nonmoral behaviour. Across two studies, lower facial morality predicted perceived engagement in most moral violations, non-moral sexual and “weird” acts. Most purity violations (and physical disgust) were associated with male gender and all autonomy violations with ratings of high dominance. Our results suggest faces seemingly low in morality are perceived as more likely to engage in most immoral behaviours, but also in certain other socially relevant, nonmoral behaviours. Social judgements are also not homogeneous within or between theory-based categories of moral violations.

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