Biomimetic Three-Dimensional (3D) Scaffolds from Sustainable Biomaterials

A special issue of Biomimetics (ISSN 2313-7673). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomimetics of Materials and Structures".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2026 | Viewed by 1740

Special Issue Editor

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Modern scaffolding strategies include two key approaches: to use naturally pre-structured 3D scaffolds if they originate from renewable sources or to create requested 3D constructs from corresponding organic and inorganic precursors using pre-established multi-stage technological processes. Biomimetic scaffolds imitate naturally optimized skeletal frameworks and can take hierarchical, multidimensional forms. Three-dimensional bioarchitectures, found in plants (i.e., Luffa sponge), unicellular (i.e., diatoms) and multicellular (i.e., sponges corals, jelly fishes) organisms, belong to a broad variety of evolutionary approved and ready to use nano- and microporous constructs, which are applicable as 3D scaffolds in diverse fields of bioinspired materials science, biomimetics and regenerative medicine. In this Special Issue, particular attention is paid to sustainable biological materials which are made of structural polysaccharides (chitin, chitosan, alginate, cellulose), proteins (collagen, gelatin, keratin, spongin, silk, fibroin, actin) as well as biominerals (biosilica, calcium carbonates, phosphates) regarding the creation of corresponding 3D scaffolds using modern techniques including sol–gel methods and 3D printing.

Prof. Dr. Hermann Ehrlich
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • biomimetics
  • 3D scaffolds
  • scaffolding strategies
  • biological materials
  • renewable biopolymers
  • 3D printing
  • sol–gel–derived scaffolds
  • diatoms and glass sponges
  • chitin and chitosan scaffolds
  • keratin-based scaffolds
  • collagen-based scaffolds
  • gelatine-based scaffolds
  • fibroin and silk-based scaffolds
  • alginate (polysaccharides)-based scaffolds
  • spongin-based scaffolds
  • Luffa plant-based scaffolds
  • cellulose-based scaffolds

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

66 pages, 58479 KB  
Review
3D Skeletal Scaffolds of Marine Keratosan Demosponges Origin as Renewable Sources for Bioinspiration in Modern Structural Biomimetics and Tissue Engineering
by Hermann Ehrlich, Jagoda Litowczenko, Anna Szczurek, Alona Voronkina, Daria Pakuła, Miłosz Frydrych, Robert E. Przekop, Igor Smirnov, Stanislav Petrov, Ihor Sieliverstov, Martyna Kotula, Anita Kubiak, Bartosz Leśniewski, Izabela Dziedzic, Liubov Muzychka, Hartmut Stöker, Zineb Souiba, Armin Springer, Korbinian Heimler, Carla Vogt, Adelajda Flont, Marta Przymuszała, Dmitry Tsurkan and Krzysztof Nowackiadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Biomimetics 2026, 11(2), 124; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics11020124 - 7 Feb 2026
Viewed by 1489
Abstract
This experimental review discusses evolutionarily approved, naturally pre-designed skeletal architectures of marine keratosan sponges in the form of 3D scaffolds, which have garnered increasing interest in the fields of structural and functional biomimetics as well as in tissue engineering. It has been demonstrated [...] Read more.
This experimental review discusses evolutionarily approved, naturally pre-designed skeletal architectures of marine keratosan sponges in the form of 3D scaffolds, which have garnered increasing interest in the fields of structural and functional biomimetics as well as in tissue engineering. It has been demonstrated that these renewable, ready-to-use natural scaffolds can undergo further modifications through specialized treatments such as metallization and carbonization, enabling the creation of functional biomaterials while maintaining the species-specific hierarchical 3D structure. The study presented remarkable findings, including the demonstration of the unique shape-memory behavior of these scaffolds even after two months of exposure to high mechanical pressure at temperatures exceeding 100 °C. Additionally, the cytocompatibility and biological performance of natural and carbonized (1200 °C) spongin scaffolds, derived from selected bath sponges, were comparatively investigated with respect to growth and proliferation of human MG-63 osteoblastic cells. Understanding whether carbonization universally enhances osteogenic capabilities or selectively amplifies the inherent architectural advantages remains to be critical for the rational design of sponge-derived scaffolds in bone and structural tissue engineering applications. Full article
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