Advancements in Soft and Continuum Robotics for Medical Applications: Design, Control and Clinical Integration

A special issue of Biomimetics (ISSN 2313-7673). This special issue belongs to the section "Locomotion and Bioinspired Robotics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2026) | Viewed by 1257

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Yongin 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
Interests: robotics; continuum robotics; medical robots; intelligent robots; minimally invasive surgery; smart materials and structures
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The Special Issue "Advancements in Soft and Continuum Robotics for Medical Applications: Design, Control and Clinical Integration" presents recent innovations in the dynamic field of soft and continuum robotics, with a strong emphasis on their transformative potential in medicine and related disciplines. Soft and continuum robots, known for their flexibility and adaptability, offer significant advantages in navigating complex and sensitive anatomical environments, enabling safer and more precise minimally invasive procedures.

This issue compiles interdisciplinary research on the design of compliant robotic systems, novel actuation and sensing mechanisms, and advanced materials that emulate the properties of biological tissues. Particular attention is given to control strategies designed for the nonlinear and high-dimensional behavior of soft robots, including real-time feedback, model-based methods, and AI-driven approaches. The incorporation of smart navigation strategies, such as multi-gait locomotion tailored to varying anatomical constraints, further enhances the autonomous capabilities of these systems within confined or dynamically changing environments.

In addition, the issue explores the clinical integration of these robotic technologies, addressing challenges related to safety, reliability, and regulatory compliance. It features practical case studies in areas such as endoscopy, catheter-based interventions, and assistive wearable devices. Through both theoretical frameworks and experimental validations, this issue aims to bridge the gap between laboratory innovation and clinical application.

By promoting collaboration among engineers, computer scientists, and medical professionals, this Special Issue contributes to the advancement of next-generation robotic tools that enhance both diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities in modern healthcare.

Dr. Jongwoo Kim
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • continuum robots
  • soft robots
  • medical robots
  • minimally invasive surgery
  • bio-inspired design
  • flexible medical instruments
  • human–robot interaction in healthcare
  • smart materials and structures
  • multi-gait locomotion
  • adaptive control

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

22 pages, 8460 KB  
Article
Design and Implementation of a Three-Segment Tendon-Driven Continuum Robot with Variable Stiffness for Manipulation in Confined Spaces
by Zhixuan Weng, Liansen Sha, Yufei Chen, Bingyu Fan, Lan Li and Bin Liu
Biomimetics 2026, 11(2), 113; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics11020113 - 4 Feb 2026
Viewed by 948
Abstract
Continuum robots (CRs) exhibit high compliance and environmental adaptability in confined, tortuous spaces, yet their inherent low stiffness and load capacity limit performance in precise positioning and stable support tasks. To solve the “soft-rigid” paradox, this study proposes and implements a three-segment tendon-driven [...] Read more.
Continuum robots (CRs) exhibit high compliance and environmental adaptability in confined, tortuous spaces, yet their inherent low stiffness and load capacity limit performance in precise positioning and stable support tasks. To solve the “soft-rigid” paradox, this study proposes and implements a three-segment tendon-driven variable-stiffness CR. Structurally, a segmented constant-curvature model directs the optimization of grid skeletons and notch parameters, enhancing bending consistency and motion predictability. Elongated flat airbag actuators, arranged in annular arrays, enable segment-level stiffness switching through the enhancement of surface properties like axial constraints and friction amplification. A time-sharing drive strategy decouples multi-segment coupling into sequential single-segment subproblems, reducing drivers and kinematic complexity while maintaining dexterity. Experimental results demonstrate that flexible-mode joints maintain near-constant curvature with stable motion (average end-effector trajectory error < 0.9 mm), and in rigid mode, stiffness increases by a factor of 5.77 (rated load: 4.0 N). Shape-locking disturbances during transitions are confined to millimeter levels (remote offset < 1.32 mm), with successful traversal of J/U/S-shaped and irregular paths confirmed in pipeline tests. This work introduces a practical, scalable system for designing variable-stiffness structures and enabling low-complexity multi-segment control, offering valuable insights for minimally invasive devices and industrial endoscopy in confined spaces. Full article
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