Journal Description
Biology and Life Sciences Forum
Biology and Life Sciences Forum
is an open access journal dedicated to publishing findings resulting from conferences, workshops, and similar events, in all areas of biology, life sciences and at the interface of related disciplines. The conference organizers and proceedings editors are responsible for managing the peer-review process and selecting papers for conference proceedings.
Latest Articles
Statement of Peer Review
Biol. Life Sci. Forum 2023, 26(1), 126; https://doi.org/10.3390/Foods2023026126 - 25 Jun 2024
Abstract
In submitting conference proceedings to Biology and Life Sciences Forum, the volume editors of the proceedings certify to the publisher that all papers published in this volume have been subjected to peer review administered by the volume editors [...]
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(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Electronic Conference on Foods)
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Abstracts of the 25th International Colloquium on Animal Cytogenetics and Genomics (25th ICACG), 26–29 June 2024, Naples, Italy
by
Leopoldo Iannuzzi, Francesca Ciotola, Sara Albarella, Alessandra Iannuzzi, Angela Perucatti and Vincenzo Peretti
Biol. Life Sci. Forum 2024, 33(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/blsf2024033001 - 25 Jun 2024
Abstract
The 25th International Colloquium on Animal Cytogenetics and Genomics is dedicated to the memory of Dr James (Jim) Womack, a pioneer in gene mapping, especially in cattle [...]
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Open AccessEditorial
Preface: 4th International Electronic Conference on Foods
by
Arun K. Bhunia
Biol. Life Sci. Forum 2023, 26(1), 127; https://doi.org/10.3390/Foods2023026127 - 19 Jun 2024
Abstract
The 4th International Electronic Conference on Foods—Focus on Sustainable Food Systems: Current Trends and Advances was held from 15 to 30 November 2023 [...]
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Statement of Peer Review
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Viola Galligioni, Marino Campagnol, Sara Fuochi, Valeria Pagano, Marcello Raspa, Silvia Sabbioni and Paola Zarattini
Biol. Life Sci. Forum 2024, 32(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/blsf2024032002 - 13 Jun 2024
Abstract
In submitting conference proceedings to Biology and Life Sciences Forum, the volume editors of the proceedings certify to the publisher that all abstracts published in this report have been subjected to peer review administered by the volume editors [...]
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(This article belongs to the Proceedings of XXVIII Annual Meeting of the Italian Association for Laboratory Animal Sciences)
Open AccessConference Report
XXVIII Annual Meeting of the Italian Association for Laboratory Animal Sciences
by
Viola Galligioni, Marino Campagnol, Sara Fuochi, Valeria Pagano, Marcello Raspa, Silvia Sabbioni and Paola Zarattini
Biol. Life Sci. Forum 2024, 32(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/blsf2024032001 - 11 Jun 2024
Abstract
The Italian Association for Laboratory Animal Sciences (AISAL) held its annual meeting in September 2022. The main topic of the meeting was the section ‘Quality Control of the Components in the Study’ of the PREPARE guidelines. Among the audience, all stakeholders of AISAL
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The Italian Association for Laboratory Animal Sciences (AISAL) held its annual meeting in September 2022. The main topic of the meeting was the section ‘Quality Control of the Components in the Study’ of the PREPARE guidelines. Among the audience, all stakeholders of AISAL were present: animal caretakers, technicians, facility managers, veterinarians, scientists, and animal welfare officers. One session was also dedicated to the round table on education and training, with the aim to discuss the legislative requirements as per Italian Decree 5 August 2021.
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Open AccessProceeding Paper
Increasing Wheat Productivity and Disease Resistance through Combined Use of Polymer Hydrogel and Protein Hydrolysates with Varied Composition and Molecular Weight
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Leonid E. Kolesnikov, Marianna I. Kremenevskaya, Maiya V. Uspenskaya, Bashar A. Hassan, Yuliya R. Kolesnikova, Firdavs Adkhamov and Veronika S. Varik
Biol. Life Sci. Forum 2024, 30(1), 30; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCAG2023-17334 - 18 Apr 2024
Abstract
This study explores the effectiveness of protein hydrolysates derived from by-products of farm animal processing. In previous research, we utilized protein hydrolysates with amino acids rich in glycine and with peptides of molecular weight ranging from 200 to 1000 Da. Subsequently, we modified
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This study explores the effectiveness of protein hydrolysates derived from by-products of farm animal processing. In previous research, we utilized protein hydrolysates with amino acids rich in glycine and with peptides of molecular weight ranging from 200 to 1000 Da. Subsequently, we modified the production process, resulting in a new hydrolysate from by-products of meat, chicken, and fish processing, with a molecular weight of 700,000 Da. During the period 2021–2022, we conducted a comparative analysis of protein hydrolysates of diverse nature, both independently and as components of multifunctional compositions with acrylic hydrogel. This analysis focused on their impact on productivity metrics and plant disease severity. Our experimental approach involved pre-soaking wheat seeds in the new protein hydrolysate before sowing while introducing acrylic hydrogel into the soil at rates of 6 g/m2 or 60 kg/ha. This regimen led to a remarkable increase in wheat yield (73.3% higher than the control group). The improvement was attributed to a boost in the field germination of wheat seeds by 21.9%, an elevation in plant height by 17.0%, an increment in the number of spikelets per spike by 7.8%, an enlargement of the pre-flag leaf area by 36.0%, and a reduction in the incidence of critical diseases such as brown rust (21.7%), yellow rust (28.3%), and root rot (5.6%). Our findings underscore the influence of hydrolysate molecular weight and the composition of acrylic hydrogels on their efficacy. Furthermore, these factors contribute to the economic viability of their application in wheat cultivation.
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Agroforestry as a Climate-Smart Strategy: Examining the Factors Affecting Farmers’ Adoption
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Md. Manik Ali, Abinash Chandra Pal, Md. Shafiqul Bari, Md. Lutfor Rahman and Israt Jahan Sarmin
Biol. Life Sci. Forum 2024, 30(1), 29; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCAG2023-17340 - 18 Apr 2024
Abstract
Agroforestry production systems have shown growing adoption in Bangladesh, offering ecological and economic benefits in the face of climate change. This study investigates the scale of agroforestry adoption, investment returns, factors influencing uptake, and challenges faced by farmers. Using a multistage random sample
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Agroforestry production systems have shown growing adoption in Bangladesh, offering ecological and economic benefits in the face of climate change. This study investigates the scale of agroforestry adoption, investment returns, factors influencing uptake, and challenges faced by farmers. Using a multistage random sample of 340 respondents, we find that while 75% of farmers are aware of agroforestry, adoption remains limited. Our analysis focuses on specific tree–crop combinations favored by farmers as agroforestry practices. The results demonstrate that, in cropland agroforestry, Eucalyptus tree with rice (69.05% adoption rate) is predominant, while homestead/orchard system agroforestry favors mango tree intercropped with potato (73.33%). Financial and investment analyses using Benefit–Cost Ratio (BCR), Net Present Value (NPV), and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) prove that agroforestry is a more favorable alternative for farmers considering adoption, as it provides superior BCR, NPV, and IRR. For example, litchi-based agroforestry systems with vegetables like brinjal (eggplant), potato, and chilies offer higher NPVs (19.00, 19.73, and 18.46, respectively) and IRRs (54.45, 68.00, and 47.19, respectively) compared to monocropping where NPV was 14.38. A binary logistic model reveals that larger farm sizes, younger respondents, higher education levels, training experiences, more frequent extension visits, and improved market access positively influence agroforestry adoption. The study also identifies key challenges for farmers using the Problem Facing Index (PFI). The most significant obstacles include lack of training facilities (PFI-894), shortage of skilled labor (PFI-687), and insufficient technical expertise (PFI-647). Therefore, to promote wider adoption, targeted training programs that address the identified challenges are crucial. It will empower farmers to reap the tangible benefits of agroforestry as a sustainable and climate-smart agricultural practice.
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The Impact of Regenerative Agriculture on Provisioning Ecosystem Services: An Example in Southeast Spain
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Mistral Van Oudenhove, María Martínez-Mena, María Almagro, Elvira Díaz-Pereira, Efraín Carrillo, Joris de Vente, Cristina Fernández-Soler, Raquel Luján-Soto and Carolina Boix-Fayos
Biol. Life Sci. Forum 2024, 30(1), 28; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCAG2023-17336 - 18 Apr 2024
Abstract
The objective of this work is to evaluate the impact of regenerative agriculture alternatives in rainfed almond crops on a range of ecosystems services. A Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA) was conducted to evaluate the different land management alternatives integrating different quantitative and qualitative indicators
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The objective of this work is to evaluate the impact of regenerative agriculture alternatives in rainfed almond crops on a range of ecosystems services. A Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA) was conducted to evaluate the different land management alternatives integrating different quantitative and qualitative indicators based on long-term field research. Three land management alternatives were analyzed: (i) conventional management, (ii) native cover crops, and (iii) seeded cover crops. MCA was able to evaluate the performance of the three alternatives considering different priorities of two groups of farmers (conventional and regenerative) and score the different scenarios. The alternative of natural cover crops had the best score in almost all the groups of ecosystem services and economic indicators. The sustainability, acceptance, and stability of the scenarios were achieved and provided an integrated view of impacts that can help decision making.
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Effect of Different Carriers and Storage Temperatures on the Viability of Bacillus thuringiensis B9 and Bacillus pacificus B11 Isolated from Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Rhizosphere
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Idriss Djoko Kouam, Laverdure Tchamani, Germain Ntsoli, Marie Amperes Bedine, Roland Wilfried Titti and Aoudou Yaouba
Biol. Life Sci. Forum 2024, 30(1), 27; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCAG2023-17337 - 18 Apr 2024
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the use of agricultural waste as carriers in the bioformulation of two plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPR), Bacillus thuringiensis B9 and Bacillus pacificus B11 isolated from the tomato rhizosphere, and to determine the effect of different carriers
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The present study aimed to evaluate the use of agricultural waste as carriers in the bioformulation of two plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPR), Bacillus thuringiensis B9 and Bacillus pacificus B11 isolated from the tomato rhizosphere, and to determine the effect of different carriers and storage temperatures on bacterial survival. Three carriers, namely palm nut shell biochar, coffee pulp and soil, were inoculated with one of the strains, dehydrated and stored at ambient and refrigeration temperatures (4 °C). Bacterial survival was evaluated for 150 days at 30-day intervals. The results showed that the number of bacterial cells present in the bioformulations decreased progressively with storage time at room temperature, but at refrigeration temperature, the bacterial population initially decreased before increasing until reaching its maximum population at 90 days and gradually decreasing afterward. Although the coffee pulp and biochar carriers stored at 4 °C retained the viability of the bacterial strains as well as possible, the formulations stored at room temperature also remained viable.
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Organic Amendments for Growth, Yield and Quality of Green Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.)
by
Mausum Kumar Nath
Biol. Life Sci. Forum 2024, 30(1), 26; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCAG2023-17342 - 18 Apr 2024
Abstract
Fresh and green leafy vegetables are an inevitable part of human nutrition. Leafy coriander is one of the most important condiments in the world and requires adequate fertilizer input for higher production. Expanding population constraints have compelled many countries to use pesticides and
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Fresh and green leafy vegetables are an inevitable part of human nutrition. Leafy coriander is one of the most important condiments in the world and requires adequate fertilizer input for higher production. Expanding population constraints have compelled many countries to use pesticides and fertilizers in order to boost farm production and fulfil their ever-increasing food demands. To stimulate the rapid and sumptuous growth of leafy vegetables like coriander, farmers apply a lot of nitrogenous fertilizers, resulting in poor quality and shelf lives. The application of organic amendments can solve this issue by improving the quality of coriander, as well as prolonging its shelf life. Moreover, various research work has been carried out in India and abroad on coriander as a seed spice, but limited research has been conducted on coriander as a condiment. Hence, this investigation was taken up. The experiment was prepared with seven treatments in a randomized block design and was replicated three times in the organic block of the Experimental Farm at Assam Agricultural University, India. The data from the respective field experiment were subjected to appropriate statistical analysis, as per the procedure proposed by Panse and Sukhatme. The result of the present investigation revealed that T7 (enriched compost @ 5 t ha−1) could produce the maximum yield with the highest benefit–cost ratio of 3.18, along with the best performance in terms of the quality of produce. Therefore, T7 can be inferred as farmer-friendly for sustainable production due to its efficiency, higher net return in comparison to other treatments, and minimal impact on the environment (and thus its adoption can be taken into consideration under field conditions).
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Potential of Achyrocline satureioides Ethanolic Extract in the Control of Spodoptera littoralis
by
Rafaela Regina Fantatto and Rosemeire Cristina Linhari Rodrigues Pietro
Biol. Life Sci. Forum 2024, 30(1), 25; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCAG2023-17338 - 18 Apr 2024
Abstract
The species Spodoptera littoralis is one of the most destructive agricultural pests in tropical and subtropical areas, causing significant losses to farmers; alternative forms of control are therefore necessary. This study aims to evaluate ethanolic extracts from leaves and inflorescences of Achyrocline satureioides
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The species Spodoptera littoralis is one of the most destructive agricultural pests in tropical and subtropical areas, causing significant losses to farmers; alternative forms of control are therefore necessary. This study aims to evaluate ethanolic extracts from leaves and inflorescences of Achyrocline satureioides as a potential control agent for Spodoptera littoralis. The ethanolic extract was prepared via maceration and a bioassay was carried out in five replications with sixth instar S. littoralis larvae, using the Food Deterrence methodology; the larvae continued to feed until they had eaten 75% of the control or sample. The results demonstrated that the extracts from A. satureioides leaves and inflorescences at a concentration of 10 mg/mL inhibited 37.23% and 22.72% of S. littoralis feeding, respectively, indicating that the extracts have an inhibitory effect.
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Impact of Solid Grain Waste Digestate on Biometrics and Photosynthetic Parameters of Tomato (L. Lycopersicon esculentum) Seedlings
by
Samanta Kaupaitė, Julė Jankauskienė and Kristina Laužikė
Biol. Life Sci. Forum 2024, 30(1), 24; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCAG2023-17343 - 18 Apr 2024
Abstract
Anaerobic digestate has been commonly used for the cultivation of vegetable seedlings and as one of the measures for improving peat substrate. Studies have shown that there has been further research conducted on the effect of anaerobic digestate on greenhouse vegetable seedlings. The
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Anaerobic digestate has been commonly used for the cultivation of vegetable seedlings and as one of the measures for improving peat substrate. Studies have shown that there has been further research conducted on the effect of anaerobic digestate on greenhouse vegetable seedlings. The main objective was to investigate the effect of the additional insertion of different rates of solid grain waste digestate into peat substrate on tomato seedling quality. The results showed that 10% of solid grain waste digestate (peat digestate) application with transplanted seedlings had better biometrical measures and photosynthetic parameters for tomato seedlings compared with the control variant.
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Ammonium and Lanthanum Impact Methane Oxidation and Methanotrophic Communities in Agricultural Soils
by
Irina K. Kravchenko
Biol. Life Sci. Forum 2024, 30(1), 23; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCAG2023-17339 - 18 Apr 2024
Abstract
An ever-increasing amount of research is being performed on the stability and recovery of soil methane-oxidizing bacteria since this is one of the fundamental processes controlling the amount of methane in the atmosphere. Mineral fertilizers may alter the methane oxidation processes in agricultural
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An ever-increasing amount of research is being performed on the stability and recovery of soil methane-oxidizing bacteria since this is one of the fundamental processes controlling the amount of methane in the atmosphere. Mineral fertilizers may alter the methane oxidation processes in agricultural soils when they are introduced. Although ammonium (NH4+) is believed to have a significant impact on aerobic methane oxidation activity in soils, there is still little data on how it reacts with lanthanum (La). The recent identification of a novel class of lanthanum-containing enzymes in methanotrophic bacteria may be the foundation for controlling the function of the soil “methane filter” and related microbiota. In the current study, microcosms with agricultural sod-podzolic soils were created and incubated in air or 20% CH4 in the gas phase with the addition of NH4+ (100 µg/g) and La (5 µg/g) to the soil. Using GC analysis and high-performance 16S rRNA sequencing, the methane oxidation potential and composition of soil bacterial communities were studied over the month of incubation. A negative impact of NH4+ on the oxidation of methane was observed, whereas La had a somewhat beneficial effect. Ammonium had an impact on the composition of methanotrophs, and a significant shift was observed upon La addition. Proteobacteria made up a larger share of the soil microbial community, and Gammaproteobacteria dominated the methanotrophic populations. Methylobacter, a methanotroph, and Methylotenera, an obligatory methylotroph, were the two absolute dominants in the La-amended variants. These findings could help evaluate how lanthanum regulates methanotrophic communities in agricultural soils and lead to the creation of new strategies for controlling the “methane filter” in soil.
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Management and Quality Assurance of Irrigation Water in the Sustainable Production of Selenium-Enriched Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
by
Ana Coelho Marques, Diana Daccak, Inês Carmo Luís, Ana Rita F. Coelho, Cláudia Campos Pessoa, Manuela Simões, Paula Scotti-Campos, Ana Sofia Almeida, Maria Graça Brito, José Carlos Kullberg, Carlos Galhano, Fernando Reboredo, Paulo Legoinha, José C. Ramalho, José Manuel N. Semedo, Isabel P. Pais, Maria Manuela Silva, Maria Fernanda Pessoa, Lourenço Palha, Cátia Silva and Fernando C. Lidonadd
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Biol. Life Sci. Forum 2024, 30(1), 22; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCAG2023-17335 - 18 Apr 2024
Abstract
There is a growing need for strategic actions involving efficient water use, sustainable agricultural production, and food security. Agricultural productivity can be improved through good agricultural practices based on water-quality management, new genetically modified resources, and using precision agriculture. This study aimed to
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There is a growing need for strategic actions involving efficient water use, sustainable agricultural production, and food security. Agricultural productivity can be improved through good agricultural practices based on water-quality management, new genetically modified resources, and using precision agriculture. This study aimed to monitor the crop water (supply, irrigation, and flooding) of an advanced rice (Oryza sativa L.) line of the breeding program (OP 1509) subjected to Selenium (Se) enrichment. Water lines in a paddy rice field were monitored by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). The parameters of pH, pHs, electrical conductivity, temperature, HCO3−, Cl−, SO42−, PO43−, Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ were analyzed. According to the Piper diagram, the samples were classified as sodium chloride bicarbonate (supply) and sodium bicarbonate chloride (irrigation and flooding). The Langelier Saturation Index (LSI) was calculated and indicated that waters are good to use in agricultural practices. According to the Wilcox classification, regarding agriculture use, the samples were classified as C2S1 (supply and irrigation) and C3S1 (flooding). The Selenium contents were analyzed by atomic absorption and significant differences were observed in rice grains, with a maximum content of 10 mg.kg−1. In conclusion, the water quality is in accordance with the parameters for use in this crop and the workflow used improved the grain quality.
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Irrigation Water Management and Quality in Two Rocha Pear Orchards
by
Cláudia Campos Pessoa, Ana Coelho Marques, Ana Rita F. Coelho, Diana Daccak, Inês Carmo Luís, Manuela Simões, Paulo Legoinha, Maria Manuela Silva, Fernando H. Reboredo, Paula Scotti-Campos, Isabel P. Pais, José N. Semedo, José C. Ramalho and Fernando C. Lidon
Biol. Life Sci. Forum 2024, 30(1), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCAG2023-17341 - 18 Apr 2024
Abstract
Tackling human malnutrition resulting from mineral deficits in foods is currently an agro-industrial problem. To address this problem, an agronomic workflow to enrich Rocha pears with calcium (Ca) was considered in two orchards in Portugal. This study aims to assess quality differences in
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Tackling human malnutrition resulting from mineral deficits in foods is currently an agro-industrial problem. To address this problem, an agronomic workflow to enrich Rocha pears with calcium (Ca) was considered in two orchards in Portugal. This study aims to assess quality differences in the irrigation water of two orchards (of Rocha pear) where an agronomic Ca enrichment workflow would be performed and identify possible conditioning to Ca increases in fruits. Thus, electrical conductivity (EC), pH, pHs, cations (Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+), and anions (HCO3−, Cl−, and SO42−) were attained to calculate the Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) index and the Langelier Saturation Index (LSI) and assess the agricultural use. The values of EC, pH, pHs, SAR index and LSI of both orchards varied between 1198 and 1211 µS/cm, 7.4 and 7.5, 7.7 and 8.1, 3.5 and 7.4, and −0.69 and −0.21, respectively. Regarding Piper classification, irrigation waters were classified as sodium bicarbonate (orchard 1) and sodium chloride bicarbonate (orchard 2). Both orchards presented different classifications regarding agricultural use, namely C3S1 (orchard 2) and C3S2 (orchard 1). The water of both orchards presented the same salinity hazard (C3), but the use of these irrigation waters is enabled since these trees can be considered salt-tolerant. However, regarding the alkalinization hazard to soils, the irrigation water from orchard 2 offers less danger (S1) in comparison to orchard 1 (S2). Meanwhile, a slightly inferior LSI (orchard 1) can favor a higher tendency to dissolve calcium carbonate. In conclusion, although slightly different, analysis indicated that the waters of both orchards did not induce toxicity in Rocha pear trees.
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Statement of Peer Review
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Jay Fox
Biol. Life Sci. Forum 2023, 24(1), 16; https://doi.org/10.3390/IECT2023024016 - 12 Apr 2024
Abstract
In submitting conference proceedings to Biology and Life Sciences Forum, the volume editors of the proceedings certify to the publisher that all papers published in this volume have been subjected to peer review administered by the volume editors [...]
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Open AccessProceeding Paper
Variability of Allergen-Based Length Polymorphism of Glycine max L. Varieties
by
Adam Kováčik, Jana Žiarovská and Lucia Urbanová
Biol. Life Sci. Forum 2024, 30(1), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCAG2023-16879 - 11 Mar 2024
Abstract
Food allergies are an increasingly common phenomenon across all age groups and can be called an epidemic of modern times. Legumes are a nutritionally attractive crop because of their high protein content and well-balanced nutritional value. However, in addition to nutritionally valuable components,
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Food allergies are an increasingly common phenomenon across all age groups and can be called an epidemic of modern times. Legumes are a nutritionally attractive crop because of their high protein content and well-balanced nutritional value. However, in addition to nutritionally valuable components, they contain a relatively high amount of antinutritional factors such as glycosides, lectins, inhibitors of digestive enzymes, and antinutritional proteins, including allergens. Different genomic-based analyses of allergen-coding parts are relevant in research into legume gene resources. Here, a total of thirty different soybean varieties were analyzed for polymorphism based on the specific homologous sequences of genes for vicilin and profilin; products of both of these genes belong to allergenic molecules of this species. A total of 16 different amplicons were obtained when profilin was used as marker and 17 different amplicons were obtained when vicilin was used. Comparing both of the used techniques, vicilin provided more polymorphic profiles, but in five of analyzed varieties no amplicons were obtained. Profilin fingerprints provided a higher degree of similarity coefficients among individual varieties of the soybean. Both of used PCR-based techniques proved to be applicable for genomic-based screening of allergen homologs in the genetic resources of Glycine max L.
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A Light-Weight CNN Based Multi-Task Architecture for Apple Maturity and Disease Classification
by
Li Zhang and Jie Cao
Biol. Life Sci. Forum 2024, 30(1), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCAG2023-16881 - 11 Mar 2024
Abstract
Quickly and accurately judging the quality grades of apples is the basis for choosing suitable harvesting date and setting a suitable storage strategy. At present, the research of multi-task classification algorithm models based on CNN is still in the exploration stage, and there
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Quickly and accurately judging the quality grades of apples is the basis for choosing suitable harvesting date and setting a suitable storage strategy. At present, the research of multi-task classification algorithm models based on CNN is still in the exploration stage, and there are still some problems such as complex model structure, high computational complexity and long computing time. This paper presents a light-weight architecture based on multi-task convolutional neural networks for maturity (L-MTCNN) to eliminate immature and defective apples in the intelligent integration harvesting task. L-MTCNN architecture with diseases classification sub-network (D-Net) and maturity classification sub-network (M-Net), to realize multi-task discrimination of the apple appearance defect and maturity level. Under different light conditions, the image of fruit may have color damage, which makes it impossible to accurately judge the problem, an image preprocessing method based on brightness information was proposed to restore fruit appearance color under different illumination conditions in this paper. In addition, for the problems of inaccurate prediction results caused by tiny changes in apple appearance between different maturity levels, triplet loss is introduced as the loss function to improve the discriminating ability of maturity classification task. Based on the study and analysis of apple grade standards, three types of apples were taken as the research objects. By analyzing the changes in apple fruit appearance in each stage, the data set corresponding to the maturity level and fruit appearance was constructed. Experimental results show that D-Net and M-Net have significantly improved recall rate, precision rate and F1-Score in all classes compared with AlexNet, ResNet18, ResNet34 and VGG16.
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Legal Protection of New Plant Varieties: Lamiaceae Patent Cases Based on International Patent Classification
by
Reda El Boukhari and Ahmed Fatimi
Biol. Life Sci. Forum 2024, 30(1), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCAG2023-16882 - 11 Mar 2024
Abstract
This study aims to analyze patents relating to new plant varieties of Lamiaceae, a plant family recognized for the interest of these genera in the medicinal and aromatic fields. The study also seeks to identify the genera and species most exploited in
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This study aims to analyze patents relating to new plant varieties of Lamiaceae, a plant family recognized for the interest of these genera in the medicinal and aromatic fields. The study also seeks to identify the genera and species most exploited in innovative applications. To identify the latest trends in this area, we systematically reviewed patents concentrating on new varieties of Lamiaceae. The relevant patent documents were identified within a specialized database using the International Patent Classification. The United States encompasses all plant patents in this area, and it is considered the leading jurisdiction. This is also confirmed by the American organizations, which led the way with the most applicants. The Lamiaceae genera concerned with the legal protection of new plant varieties comprise 23 genera. Among them are Plectranthus, Salvia, and Lavandula, which present 55.4% of total patent documents in this area. The essential objective claimed by the majority of patent documents analyzed in this study is ornamental. Furthermore, other inventive purposes are also claimed in the patent documents, but with a low percentage, such as genetic engineering, the selection of a compound, etc.
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A Diseased Three-Species Harvesting Food Web Model with Various Response Functions
by
Thangavel Megala, Thangaraj Nandha Gopal, Manickasundaram Siva Pradeep and Arunachalam Yasotha
Biol. Life Sci. Forum 2024, 30(1), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCAG2023-16876 - 11 Mar 2024
Abstract
The purpose of this work is to present a three-species harvesting food web model that takes into account the interactions of susceptible prey, infected prey, and predator species. Prey species are assumed to expand logistically in the absence of predator species. The Crowley–Martin
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The purpose of this work is to present a three-species harvesting food web model that takes into account the interactions of susceptible prey, infected prey, and predator species. Prey species are assumed to expand logistically in the absence of predator species. The Crowley–Martin and Beddington–DeAngelis functional responses are used by predators to consume both susceptible and infected prey. Additionally, susceptible prey is consumed by infected prey in the formation of a Holling type II response. Both prey species are considered when prey harvesting is taken into account. Boundedness, positivity, and positive invariance are considered in this study. The investigation covers all the equilibrium points that are biologically feasible. Local stability is evaluated by analyzing the distribution of eigen values, while global stability is evaluated using suitable Lyapunov functions. Also, Hopf bifurcation is analyzed at the harvesting rate . At the end, we evaluate the numerical solutions based on our findings.
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