Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Treatment in Human Diseases

A special issue of Cells (ISSN 2073-4409).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 December 2024 | Viewed by 421

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
Interests: antimicrobial resistance; difficult-to-treat infections; multidrug-resistance; epidemiology; PK/PD

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Antibiotics represent one of the most important discoveries of the last century, saving billion of lives following their introduction in clinical practice. Since the discovery of the first antimicrobial molecule, however, the emergence of antimicrobial resistance has been reported in several bacterial species. At the present, antimicrobial resistance represents a serious threat for public health, and infections due to multidrug-resistant (MDR) microorganisms represent one of the most important causes of death worldwide. In this context, the emergence and diffusion of MDR bacteria posed several limitations in the treatment of infections due to these microorganisms, thus requiring novel approaches to treat infections especially in critically ill patients. In recent years, the introduction of new antibiotics created the availability of new therapeutic strategies to treat infections sustained by microorganisms with a broad spectrum of resistance. At the same time, different points remain open for discussion regarding the optimal usage of new and old molecules, especially in the treatment of difficult-to-treat (DTR) infections caused by MDR bacteria. Although different steps have been taken in recent years, different questions remain unanswered regarding the optimal usage of different molecules and the correct pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic targets in clinical practice. In this Special Issue, we intend to focus on the appropriate use of antimicrobials with particular focus on the new molecules with action on MDR bacteria. We intend to collect original research articles, short communications, or review articles regarding the mechanisms of actions, the optimal administration of different antimicrobial molecules for the treatment of DTR due by MDR bacteria, and the emergence of new traits of resistance.

Dr. Paolo Gaibani
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • multidrug resistance
  • epidemiology
  • novel antimicrobial resistance traits

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

9 pages, 4149 KiB  
Communication
Synergistic Activity of Cefiderocol in Combination with Avibactam, Sulbactam or Tazobactam against Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria
by Russell E. Lewis, Marta Palombo, Erica Diani, Benedetta Secci, Davide Gibellini and Paolo Gaibani
Cells 2024, 13(16), 1315; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13161315 (registering DOI) - 6 Aug 2024
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Abstract
We investigated the activity of cefiderocol/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations against clinical strains with different susceptibility profiles to cefiderocol to explore the potentiality of antibiotic combinations as a strategy to contain the major public health problem of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens. Specifically, we evaluated the synergistic [...] Read more.
We investigated the activity of cefiderocol/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations against clinical strains with different susceptibility profiles to cefiderocol to explore the potentiality of antibiotic combinations as a strategy to contain the major public health problem of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens. Specifically, we evaluated the synergistic activity of cefiderocol with avibactam, sulbactam, or tazobactam on three of the most “Critical Priority” group of MDR bacteria (carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii). Clinical isolates were genomically characterized by Illumina iSeq 100. The synergy test was conducted with time-kill curve assays. Specifically, cefiderocol/avibactam, /sulbactam, or /tazobactam combinations were analyzed. Synergism was assigned if bacterial grow reduction reached 2 log10 CFU/mL. We reported the high antimicrobial activity of the cefiderocol/sulbactam combination against carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales, P. aeruginosa, and A. baumannii; of the cefiderocol/avibactam combination against carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales; and of the cefiderocol/tazobactam combination against carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales and P. aeruginosa. Our results demonstrate that all β-lactamase inhibitors (BLIs) tested are able to enhance cefiderocol antimicrobial activity, also against cefiderocol-resistant isolates. The cefiderocol/sulbactam combination emerges as the most promising combination, proving to highly enhance cefiderocol activity in all the analyzed carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative isolates, whereas the Cefiderocol/tazobactam combination resulted in being active only against carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales and P. aeruginosa, and cefiderocol/avibactam was only active against carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Treatment in Human Diseases)
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