Metabolic Mechanisms of Aging and Aging-Related Diseases

A special issue of Cells (ISSN 2073-4409). This special issue belongs to the section "Cellular Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 July 2022) | Viewed by 8464

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Laboratory Transplantation, Immunology, Inflammation (T2i) EA4245 University of Tours, CHRU Bretonneau, Bâtiment Vialle, 10 Bld Tonnelé, 37000 Tours, France
Interests: aging; oxidative stress; energetic metabolism; aging-related disease

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Aging is biologically defined as a decline in locomotory and physiological performances along with increased morbidity, which spans from the completion of post-natal growth until the death of animal organisms. In human societies, the socio-economic costs resulting from this process prompt us to need to understand its underlying mechanisms and to find out some interventional cues to reduce or delay age-related diseases, i.e., to increase healthspan (healthy lifespan). Basic research has recently outlined nine universal hallmarks of aging, several of which directly concern metabolism: mitochondrial dysfunction, loss of proteostasis, dysregulated nutrient sensing, and altered intercellular communication. In addition, two sets of behaviors were extensively demonstrated to improve healthspan: alimentary restriction without malnutrition and daily physical activity, which directly impacts metabolic processes. Therefore, the aim of this Special Issue is to review the metabolic mechanisms underlying aging, age-related diseases, and the two major preventive strategies for healthy aging.

Prof. Dr. Emmanuel Moyse
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • mitochondria
  • oxidative stress
  • energetic metabolism
  • catabolism
  • anabolism
  • protein turn-over
  • sarcopenia
  • body weight
  • atherosclerosis
  • diabetes
  • hypertension
  • insulin
  • leptin
  • hormone resistance
  • extracellular signal receptors
  • risk factors
  • caloric restriction
  • denutrition
  • cachexia
  • fat mass
  • lean mass
  • centenarians
  • longevity genes
  • tumor suppressor
  • cellular senescence
  • tissue self-renewal
  • stem cells

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 3745 KiB  
Article
Concomitant Retinal Alterations in Neuronal Activity and TNFα Pathway Are Detectable during the Pre-Symptomatic Stage in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
by Virginie Dinet, Louiza Arouche-Delaperche, Julie Dégardin, Marie-Christine Naud, Serge Picaud and Slavica Krantic
Cells 2022, 11(10), 1650; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11101650 - 16 May 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2084
Abstract
The pre-symptomatic stage of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is associated with increased amyloid-β (Aβ) precursor protein (APP) processing and Aβ accumulation in the retina and hippocampus. Because neuronal dysfunctions are among the earliest AD-related alterations, we asked whether they are already detectable in the [...] Read more.
The pre-symptomatic stage of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is associated with increased amyloid-β (Aβ) precursor protein (APP) processing and Aβ accumulation in the retina and hippocampus. Because neuronal dysfunctions are among the earliest AD-related alterations, we asked whether they are already detectable in the retina during the pre-symptomatic stage in a APPswePS1dE9 (APP/PS1) mouse model. The age chosen for the study (3–4 months) corresponds to the pre-symptomatic stage because no retinal Aβ was detected, in spite of the presence of βCTF (the first cleavage product of APP). We observed an increase in ERG amplitudes in APP/PS1 mice in comparison to the controls, which indicated an increased retinal neuron activity. These functional changes coincided with an increased expression of retinal TNFα and its receptors type-1 (TNFR1). Consistently, the IkB expression increased in APP/PS1 mice with a greater proportion of the phosphorylated protein (P-IkB) over total IkB, pointing to the putative involvement of the NFkB pathway. Because TNFα plays a crucial role in the control of neuronal excitability, it is likely that, as in the hippocampus, TNFα signaling via the TNFR1/NFkB pathway may be also involved in early, AD-associated, retinal neuron hyperexcitability. These results further demonstrate the interest of the retina for early disease detection with a potential to assess future therapeutic strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metabolic Mechanisms of Aging and Aging-Related Diseases)
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Review

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18 pages, 1034 KiB  
Review
Molecular Mechanisms of Inflammation in Sarcopenia: Diagnosis and Therapeutic Update
by Guadalupe Elizabeth Jimenez-Gutierrez, Laura Edith Martínez-Gómez, Carlos Martínez-Armenta, Carlos Pineda, Gabriela Angélica Martínez-Nava and Alberto Lopez-Reyes
Cells 2022, 11(15), 2359; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11152359 - 1 Aug 2022
Cited by 43 | Viewed by 6105
Abstract
Sarcopenia is generally an age-related condition that directly impacts the quality of life. It is also related to chronic diseases such as metabolic dysfunction associated with diabetes and obesity. This means that everyone will be vulnerable to sarcopenia at some point in their [...] Read more.
Sarcopenia is generally an age-related condition that directly impacts the quality of life. It is also related to chronic diseases such as metabolic dysfunction associated with diabetes and obesity. This means that everyone will be vulnerable to sarcopenia at some point in their life. Research to find the precise molecular mechanisms implicated in this condition can increase knowledge for the better prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of sarcopenia. Our work gathered the most recent research regarding inflammation in sarcopenia and new therapeutic agents proposed to target its consequences in pyroptosis and cellular senescence. Finally, we compared dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasound (US) as imaging techniques to diagnose and follow up on sarcopenia, indicating their respective advantages and disadvantages. Our goal is for the scientific evidence presented here to help guide future research to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in sarcopenia, new treatment strategies, and their translation into clinical practice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metabolic Mechanisms of Aging and Aging-Related Diseases)
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