Room Temperature Detection and Sensing Technologies

A special issue of Chemosensors (ISSN 2227-9040). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Chemical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 August 2023) | Viewed by 9928

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
Interests: silicon nanostructures; nanotechnology; photonics; sensors; rare earth-based nanomaterials
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Assistant Guest Editor
Department Physics and Astromony, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy
Interests: nanostructures; semiconductors; sensing; energy
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Sensing at room temperature (RT) is a strategic issue in detection technology development since it allows low power-consumption devices. RT detection can provide fundamental feedback and information for the environment, human health, and industrial processes. RT detection is particularly challenging as it typically causes long response time, low sensitivity and high noise. Large amounts of effort have been devoted to developing new materials and sensing platforms to combine RT detection to low-cost fabrication, reliable operation and easy integration in commercial devices. In this Special Issue, we aim to collect the latest advancements in room temperature sensing technologies for a plethora of applications, from chemical to biological and physical screening, enabling increased sensitivity, specificity, and multiplexing capability in the perspective of portable device realization.

This Special Issue encourages researchers worldwide to report their recent advancements and overviews on all aspects concerning (i) organic and (ii) inorganic materials for sensing, (iii) novel sensing design, mechanisms, and technologies for (iv) room temperature applications in the field of biological, environmental, chemical and physical sensing platforms. Full papers, communications, and reviews will be considered for publication in this Special Issue.

Prof. Dr. Salvo Mirabella
Dr. Maria Josè Lo Faro
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • Sensing technologies
  • Room temperature applications
  • Nanomaterials
  • Surface functionalizations and interactions
  • Environmental and gas sensors
  • Point-of-care biosensing devices
  • Chemical, biological and physical sensors
  • Working principle, diffusion and modeling

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 4585 KiB  
Article
Pd- and PdO-Decorated TiO2 Nanospheres: Hydrogen Sensing Properties under Visible Light Conditions at Room Temperature
by Thilini Thathsara, Christopher J. Harrison, Rosalie K. Hocking and Mahnaz Shafiei
Chemosensors 2023, 11(7), 409; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11070409 - 21 Jul 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1511
Abstract
As a promising sustainable and clean energy source for the future, hydrogen plays an important role. Due to its high flammability and the explosive nature of hydrogen gas, it is crucial to employ reliable sensors that can detect the presence of hydrogen gas [...] Read more.
As a promising sustainable and clean energy source for the future, hydrogen plays an important role. Due to its high flammability and the explosive nature of hydrogen gas, it is crucial to employ reliable sensors that can detect the presence of hydrogen gas in air at room temperature (RT). By utilizing light, the working temperature of such gas sensors can be reduced whilst simultaneously enhancing sensing performance. In this study, sensors have been fabricated that introduces nano-Schottky junctions (Pd–TiO2) via a facile chemical method and p–n heterojunctions (PdO–TiO2), through both chemical and hydrothermal methods, with a mean Pd nanoparticle (NP) diameter of 4.98 ± 0.49 nm and 4.29 ± 0.45 nm, respectively. The hydrothermally treated Pd-decorated TiO2 nanosphere (HPT NS) shows a response of 100.88% toward 500 ppm hydrogen with a faster response and recovery (77 s and 470 s, respectively). Meanwhile, hydrothermally untreated Pd-decorated TiO2 (PT) NSs show a response of 100.29% with slow response and recovery times (240 s and 3146 s, respectively) at 30 °C under 565 nm visible light and a bias of 500 mV. The experimental results confirm that introducing both metallic Pd and PdO onto the TiO2 NSs open a novel approach for detecting hydrogen gas through light-induced sensing at room temperature using low voltage bias. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Room Temperature Detection and Sensing Technologies)
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14 pages, 4109 KiB  
Article
Er:Y2O3 and Nd:Y2O3 Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Pegylation, Characterization and Study of Their Luminescence Properties
by Regina Maria Chiechio, Rosalia Battaglia, Angela Caponnetto, Ester Butera, Giorgia Franzò, Riccardo Reitano, Michele Purrello, Marco Ragusa, Davide Barbagallo, Cristina Barbagallo, Cinzia Di Pietro, Valérie Marchi, Maria José Lo Faro, Annalinda Contino, Giuseppe Maccarrone and Paolo Musumeci
Chemosensors 2023, 11(1), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11010020 - 26 Dec 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2101
Abstract
Lanthanide-doped yttrium oxide nanoparticles can display selective upconversion properties, rendering them invaluable in the field of nanomedicine for both sensing and diagnostics. Different syntheses of Er:Y2O3 and Nd:Y2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) were studied and optimized to obtain small [...] Read more.
Lanthanide-doped yttrium oxide nanoparticles can display selective upconversion properties, rendering them invaluable in the field of nanomedicine for both sensing and diagnostics. Different syntheses of Er:Y2O3 and Nd:Y2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) were studied and optimized to obtain small particles of regular shape and good crystallinity. The morphological and compositional characterizations of the nanoparticles were obtained with different techniques and showed that both Er:Y2O3 and Nd:Y2O3 NPs were well dispersed, with dimensions of the order of a few tens of nanometers. The photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence measurements showed that both Er:Y2O3 and Nd:Y2O3 NPs had good emission as well as upconversion. The nanophosphors were functionalized by a pegylation procedure to suppress unwanted reactions of the NPs with other biological components, making the NP systems biocompatible and the NPs soluble in water and well dispersed. The pegylated core/shell nanoparticles showed the same morphological and optical characteristics as the core, promoting their strategic role as photoactive material for theragnostics and biosensing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Room Temperature Detection and Sensing Technologies)
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8 pages, 1734 KiB  
Article
Mechanism of Fast NO Response in a WO3-Nanorod-Based Gas Sensor
by Giacometta Mineo, Kaveh Moulaee, Giovanni Neri, Salvo Mirabella and Elena Bruno
Chemosensors 2022, 10(11), 492; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10110492 - 20 Nov 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1853
Abstract
The development of fast and reliable gas sensors is a pressing and growing problem for environmental monitoring due to the presence of pollutants in the atmosphere. Among all gases, particular attention is devoted to NO, which can cause serious health problems. WO3 [...] Read more.
The development of fast and reliable gas sensors is a pressing and growing problem for environmental monitoring due to the presence of pollutants in the atmosphere. Among all gases, particular attention is devoted to NO, which can cause serious health problems. WO3 nanorods represent promising candidates for this purpose due to their high electrical stability and low cost of production. Here, the hydrothermal synthesis of WO3 nanorods is reported, in addition to the realization of a chemo-resistive NO sensor. NO-sensing tests were performed at different temperatures (250–400 °C) and under different gas concentrations (250–2500 ppm), and NO response and recovery curves were also modeled by using the Langmuir adsorption theory by highlighting the NO-sensing mechanism of the WO3 nanorods. An interaction occurred at the surface between NO and the adsorbed oxygen ions, thus clarifying the NO-reducing behavior. The fast response and recovery times open the route for the development of fast NO sensors based on WO3. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Room Temperature Detection and Sensing Technologies)
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Review

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41 pages, 11311 KiB  
Review
MOX-Based Resistive Gas Sensors with Different Types of Sensitive Materials (Powders, Pellets, Films), Used in Environmental Chemistry
by Paul Chesler and Cristian Hornoiu
Chemosensors 2023, 11(2), 95; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11020095 - 29 Jan 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2670
Abstract
The identification of an unknown gaseous species or the composition of a gaseous mixture can be performed using various experimental techniques such as: mass spectrometry, chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared (IR), X-Rays, or by combining these analytical techniques (in automated analyzers). Unfortunately, [...] Read more.
The identification of an unknown gaseous species or the composition of a gaseous mixture can be performed using various experimental techniques such as: mass spectrometry, chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared (IR), X-Rays, or by combining these analytical techniques (in automated analyzers). Unfortunately, these techniques use highly expensive equipment and require the use of qualified personnel. Using gas sensors is a viable and inexpensive alternative. The most commonly used sensors in the field are resistive type chemosensors (chemiresistors), due to their simple detection mechanism and low manufacturing costs. The detection principle of these sensors is based on the catalytic reaction between the sensitive material of the sensor and the target gas. This reaction occurs with the release or consumption of electrons, influencing the overall electrical resistance of the sensor. This review describes various MOX-based chemiresistors, which contain different types of sensitive substrates, such as powders, pellets or films, as well as a clear tendency towards sensor miniaturization and the constant improvement of the fabrication techniques towards greener and more cost-effective synthesis routes over time. The goal of this research was to obtain sensors with high 3S parameters (sensitivity, selectivity, and stability), that can be mass-produced and implemented on a wide scale. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Room Temperature Detection and Sensing Technologies)
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