Recent Advances and Challenges of Antibiotic Use in Children

A special issue of Children (ISSN 2227-9067). This special issue belongs to the section "Pediatric Infectious Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 December 2024 | Viewed by 1355

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
Interests: optimising antibiotic use and reducing antimicrobial resistance; improving safe medicine use for mothers and children

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Antimicrobial resistance represents a substantial threat to the health of children worldwide with increasing rates of highly resistant infections reported from every country with the capacity to diagnose them. However, the pipeline for new antibiotics is extremely limited, and with historically long lag times between the approval for adults and for children, any promising drugs will still not be available for decades. The consumption of unnecessary or incorrectly prescribed antibiotics is an important factor contributing to selective pressure for antibiotic resistance development. With more consumption and fewer effective antibiotics available, many advances in modern medicine, including cancer care, transplantation and even routine surgery are threatened by the potential emergence of untreatable infectious complications. Therefore, we welcome high-quality submissions from all pediatric clinicians, researchers, public health practitioners and pharmacists around the world that highlight current challenges and advances in pediatric antibiotic use or that explore strategies for optimizing and accelerating antibiotic development in children. The types of papers accepted in this Special Issue include original articles, reviews and perspectives.

Thank you for considering this Special Issue of Children for your scholarly work.

Dr. Yanhong Jessika Hu
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • antibiotics
  • children
  • optimising
  • strategy
  • development

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

22 pages, 438 KiB  
Review
Recent Challenges in Diagnosis and Treatment of Invasive Candidiasis in Neonates
by Maria Baltogianni, Vasileios Giapros and Niki Dermitzaki
Children 2024, 11(10), 1207; https://doi.org/10.3390/children11101207 - 30 Sep 2024
Viewed by 626
Abstract
Invasive Candida infections represent a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), particularly among preterm and low birth weight neonates. The nonspecific clinical presentation of invasive candidiasis, resembling that of bacterial sepsis with multiorgan involvement, makes the [...] Read more.
Invasive Candida infections represent a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), particularly among preterm and low birth weight neonates. The nonspecific clinical presentation of invasive candidiasis, resembling that of bacterial sepsis with multiorgan involvement, makes the diagnosis challenging. Given the atypical clinical presentation and the potential detrimental effects of delayed treatment, empirical treatment is often initiated in cases with high clinical suspicion. This underscores the need to develop alternative laboratory methods other than cultures, which are known to have low sensitivity and a prolonged detection time, to optimize therapeutic strategies. Serum biomarkers, including mannan antigen/anti-mannan antibody and 1,3-β-D-glucan (BDG), both components of the yeast cell wall, a nano-diagnostic method utilizing T2 magnetic resonance, and Candida DNA detection by PCR-based techniques have been investigated as adjuncts to body fluid cultures and have shown promising results in improving diagnostic efficacy and shortening detection time in neonatal populations. This review aims to provide an overview of the diagnostic tools and the current management strategies for invasive candidiasis in neonates. Timely and accurate diagnosis followed by targeted antifungal treatment can significantly improve the survival and outcome of neonates affected by Candida species. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances and Challenges of Antibiotic Use in Children)
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