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Children
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Radiologic Diagnosis of Urinary Tract and Kidney in Children
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Radiologic Diagnosis of Urinary Tract and Kidney in Children

A special issue of Children (ISSN 2227-9067). This special issue belongs to the section "Pediatric Nephrology & Urology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 February 2025 | Viewed by 2902

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Ramona Florina Stroescu

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Guest Editor
Departments of Pediatrics, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
Interests: pediatric ultrasound; pediatrric nephrology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Mihai Gafencu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine 'Victor Babes', Timisoara, Romania
Interests: pediatric ultrasound; pediatrric nephrology
Dr. Andreea Liana Rachisan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mother and Child, Discipline of Pediatrics II, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Interests: pediatric ultrasound; pediatrric nephrology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The Special Issue entitled “Radiologic Diagnosis of Urinary Tract and Kidney in Children” aims to contain valuable articles regarding the use of ultrasound, a non-invasive, non-iradiant method in diagnosis pediatric diseases. The focus is on urinary tract malformations in children from the neonatal to adult period using contrast agents such as Sonovue in detecting vesico-urinary reflux. In addition, rare pediatric cases will be discussed in this Special Issue from the clinicians’ point of view to the radiologists’ point of view. The content should convince both clinicians and radiologists to establish protocols for the follow-up of patients with urinary tract malformations.

Dr. Ramona Florina Stroescu
Dr. Mihai Gafencu
Dr. Andreea Liana Rachisan
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Children is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • pediatric ultrasound
  • urinary tract malformations
  • rare cases

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 1826 KiB  
Article
Plasma and Urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin as Predictors of Renal Parenchymal Involvement in Children with Febrile Urinary Tract Infection: A Pilot Study
by Emma Baranton, Chloé Ribet, Emma Freyssinet, Julie Bernardor, Corinne Boyer, Florence Lavrut-Hollecker, Diane Demonchy, Emma Schuler, Eric Fontas and Antoine Tran
Children 2024, 11(9), 1081; https://doi.org/10.3390/children11091081 - 3 Sep 2024
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Abstract
Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are very common bacterial infections in children. Early detection of renal parenchymal involvement in this setting can help clinicians make more effective treatment choices. The aim of this pilot study was to assess the ability of plasma and [...] Read more.
Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are very common bacterial infections in children. Early detection of renal parenchymal involvement in this setting can help clinicians make more effective treatment choices. The aim of this pilot study was to assess the ability of plasma and urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (pNGAL and uNGAL) levels, measured using an automated system, to accurately predict renal parenchymal involvement in children with febrile UTIs. Methods: This prospective single-center study included 28 children aged ≥ 4 years with a first episode of febrile UTIs. All patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging. pNGAL, uNGAL, procalcitonin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and white blood cells were measured before antibiotic therapy. Results: The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curve for predicting acute pyelonephritis was 0.6 for pNGAL, 0.8 for CRP, 0.4 for PCT, and 0.4 for uNGAL. The ROC analyses showed an optimal cutoff of 141.0 ng/mL for pNGAL (sensitivity, 54.2%; specificity, 75.0%; positive predictive value, 92.9%; and negative predictive value, 21.4%). Conclusion: pNGAL and uNGAL did not effectively aid the early prediction of renal parenchymal involvement in children ≥ 4 years with febrile UTIs. The novelties of this study were the use of MRI as the gold standard and an automated biochemical method to measure NGAL. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Radiologic Diagnosis of Urinary Tract and Kidney in Children)
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10 pages, 567 KiB  
Article
Kidney Measurement and Glomerular Filtration Rate Evolution in Children with Polycystic Kidney Disease
by Ramona Stroescu, Mihai Gafencu, Ruxandra Maria Steflea and Flavia Chisavu
Children 2024, 11(5), 575; https://doi.org/10.3390/children11050575 - 10 May 2024
Viewed by 1339
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is an inherited disorder characterized by renal tubular cystic dilatations. The cysts can develop anywhere along the nephron, and over time the cystic dilatation leads to kidney enlargement. On the other hand, the cysts begin to reduce [...] Read more.
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is an inherited disorder characterized by renal tubular cystic dilatations. The cysts can develop anywhere along the nephron, and over time the cystic dilatation leads to kidney enlargement. On the other hand, the cysts begin to reduce the number of functional nephrons as a consequence of cystic expansion that further contributes to the decline in renal function over the years. The pressure exerted by the dilated cysts leads to compensatory mechanisms that further contribute to the decline in renal function. These structural changes are responsible of glomerular hyperfiltration states, albuminuria, proteinuria, and hematuria. However, the presentation of ADPKD varies in children, from a completely asymptomatic child with incidental ultrasound detection of cysts to a rapidly progressive disease. There have been reports of early onset ADPKD in children younger than 2 years that showed a more rapid decline in renal function. ADPKD is caused by a mutation in PKD1 and PKD2 genes. Today, the PKD1 gene mutation seems to account for up to 85% of the cases worldwide, and it is associated with worse renal outcomes. Individuals with PKD2 gene mutation seem to present a milder form of the disease, with a more delayed onset of end-stage kidney disease. The cardinal sign of ADPKD is the presence of renal cysts during renal ultrasound. The current guidelines provide clinicians the recommendations for genetic testing in children with a positive family history. Given that the vast majority of children with ADPKD present with normal or supra-normal kidney function, we explored the glomerular filtration rates dynamics and the renal ultrasound-adjusted percentiles. In total, 14 out of 16 patients had kidney percentiles over 90%. The gene mutations were equally distributed among our cohort. In addition, we compared the modified Schwartz formula to the quadratic equation after adjusting the serum creatinine measurements. It seems that even though children with ADPKD have enlarged kidneys, the renal function is more likely normal or near normal when the quadratic estimation of glomerular filtration rate is used (qGFR tended to be lower, 111.95 ± 12.43 mL/min/1.73 m2 when compared to Schwartz eGFR 126.28 ± 33.07 mL/min/1.73 m2, p = 0.14). Also, when the quadratic equation was employed, not even a single patient reached the glomerular hyperfiltration threshold. The quadratic formula showed that glomerular filtration rates are linear or slightly decreasing after 1 year of follow-up (quadratic ΔeGFR = −0.32 ± 5.78 mL/min/1.73 m2), as opposed to the Schwartz formula that can falsely classify children in a hyperfiltration state (ΔeGFR = 7.51 ± 19.46 mL/min/1.73 m2), p = 0.019. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Radiologic Diagnosis of Urinary Tract and Kidney in Children)
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