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Coastal Hazards under Climate Change
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Coastal Hazards under Climate Change

A special issue of Climate (ISSN 2225-1154). This special issue belongs to the section "Climate and Environment".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2025 | Viewed by 8391

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Vasiliki K. Tsoukala

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Director of the Laboratory of Harbour Works, Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), 15780 Zografou, Greece
Interests: marine hydraulic engineering and harbour works; coastal dynamics and coastal structures; environmental impact assessment of harbour and coastal works; port and coastal infrastructure monitoring; marine spatial planning; integrated coastal zone management
Dr. Michalis K. Chondros

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Assistant Professor, Laboratory of Harbour Works, Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), 15780 Zografou, Greece
Interests: wave propagation and transformation; coastal hydrodynamics; sediment transport; shoreline and sea bottom evolution; coastal erosion; coastal flooding; wave disturbance of port basins; coastal flood early-warning system; physical and numerical modelling of coastal processes

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Coastal regions represent some of the most densely populated and economically vital areas worldwide, but they are increasingly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. Rising sea levels, intensifying storms, and shifting coastal dynamics are all contributing to the escalation of coastal hazards. These hazards pose a significant threat to both human communities and the environment, demanding urgent attention and innovative solutions.

The special issue seeks to address the multifaceted challenges associated with coastal hazards in the context of a changing climate. It aims to provide a platform for cutting-edge research that advances our understanding of coastal processes, risk assessment, and adaptation strategies. By gathering insights from experts in diverse fields, this special issue strives to offer a comprehensive view of the complex interactions between climate change and coastal hazards.

The special issue welcomes contributions that advance our knowledge of these critical issues and facilitate the development of effective strategies to safeguard coastal communities and ecosystems in an era of climate uncertainty. Specific topics of interest include but are not limited to the following:

  • Coastal Storm Analysis;
  • Coastal Hazards Drivers (Storm Surges, Sea Level Rise & Extreme Waves);
  • Compound Flooding Events (coastal, river and rainfall flooding);
  • Coastal Erosion;
  • Coastal Flooding & Inundation;
  • Coastal Hazard Forecasting & Early-Warning Systems Coastal Hazard Monitoring;
  • Coastal Vulnerability Assessment & Mapping;
  • Effect of Climate Changes on Coastal Hazards;
  • Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies for Managing Coastal Hazards;
  • Application of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Coastal Hazards Analysis, Monitoring & Forecasting.

Prof. Dr. Vasiliki K. Tsoukala
Dr. Michalis K. Chondros
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Climate is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • coastal hazard
  • coastal storm
  • coastal flooding and inundation
  • coastal erosion
  • coastal vulnerability assessment
  • climate change
  • artificial intelligence
  • machine learning

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 5208 KiB  
Article
Long-Term and Seasonal Analysis of Storm-Wave Events in the Gulf of California
by Cuauhtémoc Franco-Ochoa, Yedid Guadalupe Zambrano-Medina, Sergio Alberto Monjardin-Armenta and Sergio Arturo Rentería-Guevara
Climate 2025, 13(3), 54; https://doi.org/10.3390/cli13030054 - 4 Mar 2025
Viewed by 167
Abstract
Coastal zones are threatened by extreme meteorological phenomena such as storm–wave events. Understanding storm-wave events is essential for sustainable coastal management. This study analyzed the temporal variability (both long-term and seasonal) of the frequency and energy content of storm-wave events in the Gulf [...] Read more.
Coastal zones are threatened by extreme meteorological phenomena such as storm–wave events. Understanding storm-wave events is essential for sustainable coastal management. This study analyzed the temporal variability (both long-term and seasonal) of the frequency and energy content of storm-wave events in the Gulf of California for the period 1980–2020 using storm-wave data from the fifth-generation climate reanalysis dataset (ERA5). The results indicate that storm events in the Gulf of California are becoming more frequent and energetic. Storm-wave events coming from the north are more frequent but less energetic than those coming from the south. Throughout the year, storm-wave events from both the north and south show seasonal behavior. This paper aims to enhance the understanding of storm-wave events in the Gulf of California and serve as a foundation for future studies, such as coastal impact assessments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coastal Hazards under Climate Change)
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19 pages, 1075 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Climate Change on Migration Patterns in Coastal Communities
by Umar Daraz, Štefan Bojnec and Younas Khan
Climate 2024, 12(11), 180; https://doi.org/10.3390/cli12110180 - 7 Nov 2024
Viewed by 2414
Abstract
Climate change is a major global challenge affecting migration patterns, particularly in coastal communities vulnerable to sea-level rise, flooding, and extreme weather. Pakistan, with its extensive coastline and diverse environmental conditions, faces significant climate-induced migration issues, especially in Karachi, Thatta, Gwadar, Badin, and [...] Read more.
Climate change is a major global challenge affecting migration patterns, particularly in coastal communities vulnerable to sea-level rise, flooding, and extreme weather. Pakistan, with its extensive coastline and diverse environmental conditions, faces significant climate-induced migration issues, especially in Karachi, Thatta, Gwadar, Badin, and Muzaffargarh. This study aims to investigate the impact of climate change on migration patterns in these five selected regions of Pakistan. By analyzing climate variables and socio-economic factors, the research seeks to provide a localized understanding of how climate change drives population movements. A cross-sectional survey design was employed to gather data from 350 participants across these regions. Stratified random sampling ensured representation from each area, and data were collected using a structured questionnaire administered online. Statistical analyses included multiple linear regression, logistic regression, and structural equation modeling (SEM). This study found a strong positive relationship between climate change variables (sea level rise, temperature increases, and flooding) and migration patterns. Both direct impacts of climate change and indirect socio-economic factors influenced the likelihood of migration. The SEM analysis revealed that climate awareness partially mediates the relationship between climate change and migration. In conclusion, climate change significantly drives migration in Pakistan’s coastal communities, with both direct environmental impacts and socio-economic conditions playing crucial roles. Enhanced climate awareness and comprehensive adaptation strategies are essential. Policies should focus on climate resilience through infrastructure improvements, early warning systems, and socio-economic support programs. Strengthening education and economic opportunities is vital to build community resilience and effectively manage climate-induced migration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coastal Hazards under Climate Change)
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28 pages, 45519 KiB  
Article
A Novel Input Schematization Method for Coastal Flooding Early Warning Systems Incorporating Climate Change Impacts
by Andreas G. Papadimitriou, Anastasios S. Metallinos, Michalis K. Chondros and Vasiliki K. Tsoukala
Climate 2024, 12(11), 178; https://doi.org/10.3390/cli12110178 - 5 Nov 2024
Viewed by 1144
Abstract
Coastal flooding poses a significant threat to coastal communities, adversely affecting both safety and economic stability. This threat is exacerbated by factors such as sea level rise, rapid urbanization, and inadequate coastal infrastructure, as noted in recent climate change reports. Early warning systems [...] Read more.
Coastal flooding poses a significant threat to coastal communities, adversely affecting both safety and economic stability. This threat is exacerbated by factors such as sea level rise, rapid urbanization, and inadequate coastal infrastructure, as noted in recent climate change reports. Early warning systems (EWSs) have proven to be effective tools in coastal planning and management, offering a high cost-to-benefit ratio. Recent advancements have integrated operational numerical models with machine learning techniques to develop near-real-time EWSs, leveraging data obtained from reputable databases that provide reliable hourly sea-state and sea level data. Despite these advancements, a stepwise methodology for selecting representative events, akin to wave input reduction methods used in morphological modeling, remains undeveloped. Moreover, existing methodologies often overlook the significance of compound extreme events and their potential increased occurrence under climate change projections. This research addresses these gaps by introducing a novel input schematization method that combines efficient hydrodynamic modeling with clustering algorithms. The proposed methodοlogy, implemented in the coastal area of Pyrgos, Greece, aims to select an optimal number of representative sea-state and water level combinations to develop accurate EWSs for coastal flooding risk prediction. A key innovation of this methodology is the incorporation of weights in the clustering algorithm to ensure adequate representation of extreme compound events, also taking into account projections for future climate scenarios. This approach aims to enhance the accuracy and reliability of coastal flooding EWSs, ultimately improving the resilience of coastal communities against imminent flooding threats. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coastal Hazards under Climate Change)
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15 pages, 8036 KiB  
Article
Global Warming Impacts on Southeast Australian Coastally Trapped Southerly Wind Changes
by Lance M. Leslie, Milton Speer and Shuang Wang
Climate 2024, 12(7), 96; https://doi.org/10.3390/cli12070096 - 1 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1638
Abstract
Coastally trapped southerly wind changes are prominent during southeast Australia’s warm season (spring and summer). These abrupt, often gale force, wind changes are known locally as Southerly Busters (SBs) when their wind speeds reach 15 m/s. They move northwards along the coast, often [...] Read more.
Coastally trapped southerly wind changes are prominent during southeast Australia’s warm season (spring and summer). These abrupt, often gale force, wind changes are known locally as Southerly Busters (SBs) when their wind speeds reach 15 m/s. They move northwards along the coast, often producing very large temperature drops. SBs exceeding 21 m/s are severe SBs (SSBs). SBs have both positive and negative impacts. They bring relief from oppressively hot days but can cause destructive wind damage, worsen existing bushfires, and endanger aviation and marine activities. This study assesses the impacts of global warming (GW) and associated climate change on SBs and SSBs, using observational data from 1970 to 2022. Statistical analyses determine significant trends in annual frequency counts of SBs and SSBs, particularly during the accelerated GW period from the early–mid-1990s. It was found that the annual combined count of SBs and SSBs had increased, with SSBs dominating from 1970 to 1995, but SB frequencies exceeded SSBs from 1996 to 2023. The ascendency of SB frequencies over SSBs since 1996 is explained by the impact of GW on changes in global and local circulation patterns. Case studies exemplify how these circulation changes have increased annual frequencies of SBs, SSBs, and their combined total. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coastal Hazards under Climate Change)
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17 pages, 21201 KiB  
Article
Geospatial Analysis of Flood Susceptibility in Nigeria’s Vulnerable Coastal States: A Detailed Assessment and Mitigation Strategy Proposal
by Muhammad Bello, Saurabh Singh, Suraj Kumar Singh, Vikas Pandey, Pankaj Kumar, Gowhar Meraj, Shruti Kanga and Bhartendu Sajan
Climate 2024, 12(7), 93; https://doi.org/10.3390/cli12070093 - 27 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1888
Abstract
This study employs advanced geospatial analytical techniques to evaluate the vulnerability of Nigeria’s coastal states and their constituent local government areas to flood hazards, which represent a critical and escalating risk within the coastal hazard paradigm intensified by climate change phenomena. The study’s [...] Read more.
This study employs advanced geospatial analytical techniques to evaluate the vulnerability of Nigeria’s coastal states and their constituent local government areas to flood hazards, which represent a critical and escalating risk within the coastal hazard paradigm intensified by climate change phenomena. The study’s objective is to utilize geospatial data to delineate and quantify the intensity and distribution of flood susceptibility, thus establishing a foundational framework for developing comprehensive disaster management strategies in response to the challenges posed by climate variability. The research uses satellite imagery and geographic information system (GIS)-based hydrological modeling to delineate regions susceptible to flooding, synthesizing topographical and hydrological data to stratify areas into discrete flood susceptibility categories. The findings indicate that the Delta coastal State of Nigeria contains extensive medium to high-risk flood zones spanning 8304.57 km2. While the Bayelsa coastal State of Nigeria presents critical areas at high to very high flood risk, encompassing 5506.61 km2 at high risk and 1826.88 km2 at very high risk, this highlights the urgent necessity for immediate and strategic mitigation measures. This research highlights the critical importance of geospatial technology in shaping disaster management and enhancing community resilience against increasing flood frequencies. As Nigeria’s coastal regions face escalating flood susceptibility, advanced geospatial methods are vital for assessing and mitigating these climate-induced threats, contributing to climate-resilient planning and aligning with Sustainable Development Goal 13: Climate Action. The study’s geospatial approach delivers precise flood risk evaluations and guides targeted mitigation efforts, marking significant progress in managing coastal hazards in a changing climate. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coastal Hazards under Climate Change)
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