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Air and Water Quality in a Changing World
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Air and Water Quality in a Changing World

A special issue of Climate (ISSN 2225-1154). This special issue belongs to the section "Climate and Environment".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 October 2022) | Viewed by 22447

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Huizhong Shen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
Interests: pollutant emissions; air quality modeling; energy policy; interactions between climate change and air pollution; health assessment
Dr. Qirui Zhong

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Interests: particulate matter; fires; air pollution; climate change

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

There is a growing interest regarding how our environments will change in the future. While our ability to predict future changes in air and water quality is strengthened by the expansion in monitoring networks and powerful modeling tools, the world we are facing is unfolding from increasingly more dimensions. A more complete understanding of the environmental consequences of climate change and environmental and climate policies will help better protect human health in a changing future.

Topics of interest for this Special Issue include, but are not limited to:

  • Impacts of future changes in climate and policies on air pollutant emissions from anthropogenic and natural sources, air quality, and nitrogen deposition
  • Impacts of future changes in climate and policies on agricultural ecosystems, stream chemistry, and water quality

Dr. Huizhong Shen
Dr. Qirui Zhong
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Climate is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • climate change
  • energy policies
  • environmental policies
  • air quality
  • water quality

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Editorial

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3 pages, 169 KiB  
Editorial
Air Quality in a Changing World
by Qirui Zhong and Huizhong Shen
Climate 2022, 10(12), 188; https://doi.org/10.3390/cli10120188 - 27 Nov 2022
Viewed by 1871
Abstract
Air pollution is one of the most concerning environmental threats to human health [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Air and Water Quality in a Changing World)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

15 pages, 3658 KiB  
Article
Changing Air Quality and the Ozone Weekend Effect during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Toronto, Ontario, Canada
by William A. Gough and Vidya Anderson
Climate 2022, 10(3), 41; https://doi.org/10.3390/cli10030041 - 15 Mar 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4115
Abstract
Air pollutants, NO, NO2, and O3, were examined from April to June 2020 and compared to a 10-year (2010–2019) climatology of these pollutants for two monitoring sites in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, coinciding with local lockdown measures during the first [...] Read more.
Air pollutants, NO, NO2, and O3, were examined from April to June 2020 and compared to a 10-year (2010–2019) climatology of these pollutants for two monitoring sites in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, coinciding with local lockdown measures during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. NO and NO2 values were lower than any of the preceding 10 years at the two Toronto sites for both weekdays and weekends. Ozone concentrations did not have a corresponding decrease and in fact increased for weekdays, similar to other parts of the world. The well-documented ozone weekend effect was considerably muted during the morning rush hour throughout this pandemic period. A Fisher exact test on hourly averaged data revealed statistically significant record hourly minimums for NO and NO2, but this was not found for ozone, consistent with the aggregate ranking results. These findings are likely the result of considerably reduced vehicular traffic during this time and ozone chemistry in a NOx-saturated (VOC limited) environment. This has important implications for ozone abatement strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Air and Water Quality in a Changing World)
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12 pages, 4412 KiB  
Article
Air Pollution within Different Urban Forms in Manchester, UK
by Mohammad Taleghani
Climate 2022, 10(2), 26; https://doi.org/10.3390/cli10020026 - 16 Feb 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4681
Abstract
Air pollution causes millions of mortalities and morbidities in large cities. Different mitigation strategies are being investigated to alleviate the negative impacts of different pollutants on people. Designing proper urban forms is one of the least studied strategies. In this paper, we modelled [...] Read more.
Air pollution causes millions of mortalities and morbidities in large cities. Different mitigation strategies are being investigated to alleviate the negative impacts of different pollutants on people. Designing proper urban forms is one of the least studied strategies. In this paper, we modelled air pollution (NO2 concentration) within four hypothetical neighbourhoods with different urban forms: single, courtyard, linear east-west, and linear north-south scenarios. We used weather and air pollution data of Manchester as one of the cities with high NO2 levels in the UK. Results show that the pollution level is highly dependent on the air temperature and wind speed. Annually, air pollution is higher in cold months (45% more) compared to summer. Likewise, the results show that during a winter day, the concentration of air pollution reduces during the warm hours. Within the four modelled scenarios, the air pollution level in the centre of the linear north-south model is the lowest. The linear building blocks in this scenario reduce the concentration of the polluted air and keep a large area within the domain cleaner than the other scenarios. Understanding the location of air pollution (sources) and the direction of prevailing wind is key to design/plan for a neighbourhood with cleaner air for pedestrians. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Air and Water Quality in a Changing World)
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15 pages, 2721 KiB  
Article
Combined Effect of High-Resolution Land Cover and Grid Resolution on Surface NO2 Concentrations
by Carlos Silveira, Joana Ferreira, Paolo Tuccella, Gabriele Curci and Ana I. Miranda
Climate 2022, 10(2), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/cli10020019 - 5 Feb 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2562
Abstract
High-resolution air quality simulations are often performed using different nested domains and resolutions. In this study, the variability of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations estimated from two nested domains focused on Portugal (D2 and D3), with 5 and 1 km horizontal grid [...] Read more.
High-resolution air quality simulations are often performed using different nested domains and resolutions. In this study, the variability of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations estimated from two nested domains focused on Portugal (D2 and D3), with 5 and 1 km horizontal grid resolutions, respectively, was investigated by applying the WRF-Chem model for the year 2015. The main goal and innovative aspect of this study is the simulation of a whole year with high resolutions to analyse the spatial variability under the simulation grids in conjunction with detailed land cover (LC) data specifically processed for these high-resolution domains. The model evaluation was focused on Portuguese air quality monitoring stations taking into consideration the station typology. As main results, it should be noted that (i) D3 urban LC categories enhanced pollution hotspots; (ii) generally, modelled NO2 was underestimated, except for rural stations; (iii) differences between D2 and D3 estimates were small; (iv) higher resolution did not impact model performance; and (v) hourly D2 estimates presented an acceptable quality level for policy support. These modelled values are based on a detailed LC classification (100 m horizontal resolution) and coarse spatial resolution (approximately 10 km) emission inventory, the latter suitable for portraying background air pollution problems. Thus, if the goal is to characterise urban/local-scale pollution patterns, the use of high grid resolution could be advantageous, as long as the input data are properly represented. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Air and Water Quality in a Changing World)
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15 pages, 3831 KiB  
Article
Possibilities of Sustainable Development including Improvement in Air Quality for the City of Murmansk-Examples of Best Practice from Scandinavia
by Miłosz Huber, Adrianna Rusek, Marija Menshakova, Galina Zhigunova, Stanisław Chmiel and Olga Iakovleva
Climate 2022, 10(2), 15; https://doi.org/10.3390/cli10020015 - 28 Jan 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3352
Abstract
The Russian city of Murmansk has about 300,000 inhabitants and is located inside the Arctic Circle in NE Scandinavia (Russia). It has one of the largest such concentrations of people in the Arctic. The city is a scientific, industrial, cultural, and transportation centre [...] Read more.
The Russian city of Murmansk has about 300,000 inhabitants and is located inside the Arctic Circle in NE Scandinavia (Russia). It has one of the largest such concentrations of people in the Arctic. The city is a scientific, industrial, cultural, and transportation centre (an ice-free port in the so-called Northern Sea Route, connecting Europe with Asia). Currently, air pollution in the city is associated with outdated city heating technology, coal dust from the port and vehicular traffic, and so-called “small emissions”. The authors propose practical solutions based on known examples of Scandinavian cities with similar climatic conditions such as: the modernisation of heat energy acquisition; diversification of energy acquisition including renewable sources; thermal insulation of buildings; arrangement of urban greenery with dust-catching plants, and proposals for changing the habits within the population by promoting the use of public transport. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Air and Water Quality in a Changing World)
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12 pages, 1348 KiB  
Article
Ambient Air Quality Synergies with a 2050 Carbon Neutrality Pathway in South Korea
by Dafydd Phillips
Climate 2022, 10(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/cli10010001 - 21 Dec 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4467
Abstract
South Korea is a signatory of the Paris Agreement and has announced its aim to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. However, South Korea’s current policy trajectory is not compatible with maintaining a global temperature rise below 2 °C. Climate change has not been [...] Read more.
South Korea is a signatory of the Paris Agreement and has announced its aim to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. However, South Korea’s current policy trajectory is not compatible with maintaining a global temperature rise below 2 °C. Climate change has not been a dominant electoral issue in South Korea, with national concerns being prioritized. A Paris-Agreement-compatible development pathway could synergistically improve ambient air quality in South Korea. This research examines the gains of a climate action pathway that would achieve 2050 carbon neutrality, compared to a business-as-usual (BAU) pathway, in South Korea. The work aims to add further evidence to the potential national gains from strong climate action across all sectors in South Korea. The paper argues that by focusing on and estimating national gains, the momentum for enhanced climate policy action can be intensified by framing robust climate action as an opportunity rather than a cost. Through a climate action pathway, South Korea could avoid 835 years of life lost (YLL) in 2030, 2237 YLL in 2040 and 3389 YLL in 2050. Through this pathway, South Korea could also cumulatively abate 5539 million tons of CO2 equivalent (MtCO2e) in greenhouse gas emissions over the 2022–2050 period. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Air and Water Quality in a Changing World)
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