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Clinics and Practice
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The Effect of Dietary Compounds on Inflammation-Mediated Diseases
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The Effect of Dietary Compounds on Inflammation-Mediated Diseases

A special issue of Clinics and Practice (ISSN 2039-7283).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 September 2025 | Viewed by 9368

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Charalampia Amerikanou

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Guest Editor
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
Interests: chronic inflammation; molecular nutrition; nutritional immunology; functional foods
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Efstathia Papada

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Guest Editor
UCL Division of Medicine, University College London, UK
Interests: diet; gut health; natural products; phytochemicals; inflammation; inflammatory bowel disease; oxidative stress
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Aristea Gioxari

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Guest Editor
Department of Dietetics and Nutritional Science, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Avenue, 17671 Athens, Greece
Interests: randomized controlled clinical trials; human bioavailability studies; as well as studies on experimental models and cell culture lines; biochemical and biological processes of natural products and bioactive compounds in health and disease
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Diet has been identified as a key modulator of inflammation. Chronic low-grade inflammation has been linked with the pathogenesis and progression of several non-communicable diseases, such as autoimmune, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative diseases, and even cancer. Several dietary compounds have been shown to possess either proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory properties. For example, saturated fat and refined carbohydrates may induce inflammatory and oxidative stress, and several micronutrients, such as minerals and vitamins, are known for their antiinflammatory potential. Not only nutrients, but also non nutrient microconstituents, such as phytochemicals, are important immunity and inflammatory modulators. The aim of this Special Issue is to welcome original clinical research and reviews on the investigation of the effect of specific foods or dietary compounds on inflammation-mediated diseases.

Dr. Charalampia Amerikanou
Dr. Efstathia Papada
Dr. Aristea Gioxari
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Clinics and Practice is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • diet
  • inflammation
  • oxidative stress
  • non-communicable diseases
  • micronutrients
  • macronutrients
  • bioactive com-pounds

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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21 pages, 1922 KB  
Article
Effects of Dietary and Probiotic Interventions in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome and Obstructive Sleep Apnea
by Amina Venter, Amin-Florin El-kharoubi, Mousa El-kharoubi, Evelin Claudia Ghitea, Marc Cristian Ghitea, Timea Claudia Ghitea and Ciprian Florian Venter
Clin. Pract. 2025, 15(9), 159; https://doi.org/10.3390/clinpract15090159 - 29 Aug 2025
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Abstract
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) frequently coexist, exacerbating systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolic dysregulation. This study evaluates the effects of dietary and probiotic interventions, compared to a non-intervention control group, on metabolic, hemodynamic, and neurochemical parameters, with a [...] Read more.
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) frequently coexist, exacerbating systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolic dysregulation. This study evaluates the effects of dietary and probiotic interventions, compared to a non-intervention control group, on metabolic, hemodynamic, and neurochemical parameters, with a specific focus on the neurotransmitters GABA and glutamate. Methods: In a prospective randomized study (2020–2023), 120 patients with coexisting MS and OSA were assigned to three groups: control (n = 36), diet therapy (n = 42), and diet therapy combined with probiotics (n = 42). Interventions lasted six months and included personalized dietary plans and probiotic supplementation. Outcome measures included BMI, visceral fat, HOMA index, lipid profile, oxygen saturation, and urinary GABA and glutamate levels. Unsupervised K-means clustering and principal component analysis (PCA) were applied to identify phenotypic response patterns based on delta values. Results: Diet therapy led to significant reductions in BMI (−15.7%, p = 0.001), visceral fat (−17.3%, p = 0.001), triglycerides (−14.6%, p = 0.003), uric acid (−9.5%, p = 0.011), and C-reactive protein (CRP) (−21.4%, p = 0.007). The combined intervention group exhibited further improvements in visceral fat (−22.8%, p = 0.001), glutamate (−18.2%, p = 0.002), and GABA levels (+19.5%, p = 0.001). Oxygen saturation improved across all groups, with the greatest increase in the probiotics group (+2.3%). Clustering analysis revealed three distinct response phenotypes—strong, moderate, and non-responders—highlighting inter-individual variability in treatment efficacy. Conclusions: Personalized dietary interventions, especially when paired with probiotics, effectively improve metabolic, inflammatory, and neurochemical profiles in patients with MS and OSA. Integrating clustering algorithms enables phenotype-specific stratification, offering a step toward precision lifestyle medicine. Future studies should explore long-term outcomes and refine microbiota-targeted approaches to optimize intervention efficacy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Effect of Dietary Compounds on Inflammation-Mediated Diseases)
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Review

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16 pages, 786 KB  
Review
The Role of Vitamin D Supplementation in Type 1, Type 2, and Gestational Diabetes: A Comprehensive Updated Narrative Review
by Asala Nasser, Dimitrios Papandreou, Sousana K. Papadopoulou and Leila Cheikh Ismail
Clin. Pract. 2025, 15(8), 148; https://doi.org/10.3390/clinpract15080148 - 7 Aug 2025
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Abstract
Vitamin D has emerged as a modulatory factor in the pathogenesis and management of diabetes mellitus due to its influence on pancreatic β-cell function, immune regulation, and inflammatory pathways. This narrative review critically examines mechanistic and clinical evidence linking vitamin D status with [...] Read more.
Vitamin D has emerged as a modulatory factor in the pathogenesis and management of diabetes mellitus due to its influence on pancreatic β-cell function, immune regulation, and inflammatory pathways. This narrative review critically examines mechanistic and clinical evidence linking vitamin D status with type 1 diabetes (T1DM), type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and gestational diabetes (GDM). In T1DM, vitamin D’s immunomodulatory effects are thought to protect β-cells from autoimmune destruction; epidemiological studies associate vitamin D sufficiency with lower T1DM incidence and improved glycemic control, although causality remains under investigation. In T2DM, vitamin D deficiency is associated with worsened metabolic control and may contribute to disease development in at-risk individuals; however, it does not influence the initial onset of T2DM in patients who are already diagnosed. Intervention trials indicate that correcting the deficiency can modestly improve insulin sensitivity, β-cell function, and metabolic parameters. GDM has similarly been linked to hypovitaminosis D, with low maternal vitamin D levels associated with higher GDM risk and adverse perinatal outcomes; mechanistic insights suggest that adequate vitamin D supports glucose homeostasis in pregnancy, and emerging trials demonstrate improved insulin resistance with maternal vitamin D supplementation. Across these diabetes subtypes, maintaining sufficient vitamin D levels appears to confer metabolic benefits and may serve as an adjunct to current preventive and therapeutic strategies. However, definitive evidence from large-scale trials is required to establish optimal vitamin D supplementation protocols and confirm its efficacy in diabetes care. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Effect of Dietary Compounds on Inflammation-Mediated Diseases)
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19 pages, 1090 KB  
Review
High Polyphenol Extra Virgin Olive Oil and Metabolically Unhealthy Obesity: A Scoping Review of Preclinical Data and Clinical Trials
by Konstantina Liva, Athanasios A. Panagiotopoulos, Alexandra Foscolou, Charalampia Amerikanou, Alkistis Vitali, Stavros Zioulis, Konstantina Argyri, Georgios I. Panoutsopoulos, Andriana C. Kaliora and Aristea Gioxari
Clin. Pract. 2025, 15(3), 54; https://doi.org/10.3390/clinpract15030054 - 7 Mar 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 7121
Abstract
Background/Objectives: During the last decade, there has been an increased interest in phenolic compound-rich natural products as natural therapies for regulating the molecular pathways behind central obesity and associated metabolic disorders. The present scoping review presents the outcomes of clinical and preclinical [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: During the last decade, there has been an increased interest in phenolic compound-rich natural products as natural therapies for regulating the molecular pathways behind central obesity and associated metabolic disorders. The present scoping review presents the outcomes of clinical and preclinical studies examining the anti-obesity effects of high phenolic extra virgin olive oil (HP-EVOO) and its possible underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods: Studies published between 2014 and 2024 were searched via MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane, the Web of Science, Semantic Scholar, Google Scholar, Science.gov, and Clinicaltrials.gov databases. A combination of keywords and Boolean logic was used to search throughout the last decade in all databases, including “hyperglycemia” or “hypertension” or “metabolic syndrome” or “dyslipidemia” or “hyperlipidemia” or “hypoglycemia” or “obesity” or “macrovascular diabetic complications” or “microvascular diabetic complications” or “cardiovascular disease” or “overweight” or “insulin sensitivity” or “insulin resistance” and “extra virgin olive oil” or “high phenolic olive oil” and “human” or “animal model”. Results: The 10-year literature survey identified 21 studies in both animal models and humans, indicating that HP-EVOO improves inflammation, glycemic control, oxidative stress and endothelial function, potentially protecting against metabolic syndrome, hypertension and type 2 diabetes, even compared to EVOO. Moreover, HP-EVOO’s antiplatelet effect and improvement in HDL functionality reduce cardiovascular risk. Conclusions: The evidence presented in this study demonstrates that HP-EVOO represents an effective preventive and therapeutic dietary approach to cardiometabolic diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Effect of Dietary Compounds on Inflammation-Mediated Diseases)
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