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15 pages, 1579 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of Microvoid and Microleakage Potential of Bulk-Fill Resin Composites in MOD Restorations

by Gözde Canik, Nuran Ulusoy and Kaan Orhan

Coatings 2024, 14(3), 329; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14030329 - 11 Mar 2024

Viewed by 837

Abstract

Background: Polymerization shrinkage and microvoid formation has been a significant problem giving way to resin composite failure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microvoid potential and microleakage of two bulk-fill and a microhybrid resin composite applied with different adhesive materials. [...] Read more.

Background: Polymerization shrinkage and microvoid formation has been a significant problem giving way to resin composite failure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microvoid potential and microleakage of two bulk-fill and a microhybrid resin composite applied with different adhesive materials. Materials and Methods: MOD cavities were prepared in 60 endodontically treated maxillary premolars. The teeth were divided into six different groups (n = 10) according to adhesive systems (Gluma (Kulzer), OptiBond FL (Kerr) and resin composite materials EverX Posterior (GC) and Filtek One Bulk Fill (3M ESPE). An aging procedure with 5000 cycles of thermal cycling was applied. All teeth were individually scanned with micro-computed tomography. A Shapiro–Wilk test, two-way MANOVA, and Bonferroni analysis were used for statistical tests. Results: Self-etch groups showed more microleakage than total-etch groups. Minimum microleakage was observed in Filtek One Bulk Fill groups, whereas G-aenial Posterior groups showed maximum microleakage. Conclusions: Filtek One Bulk Fill (3M ESPE) resin composite was found to be more effective in reducing microvoid formation in MOD cavities when applied with total-etch adhesive systems. However, EverX Posterior (GC) and G-aenial Posterior (GC) showed less microvoid formation with self-etch adhesive systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biocompatible Polymer-Based Materials: Synthesis, Properties and Applications)

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20 pages, 5482 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Laser Melt Infiltration of UHMWPE into the Binary Coatings of Strontium Apatite and Colloidal Silica

by Akira Furukawa and Yasuhito Tanaka

Coatings 2023, 13(3), 580; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13030580 - 7 Mar 2023

Viewed by 1149

Abstract

Medical-grade ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is the material of choice for sliding surfaces in various articular joint implants owing to its excellent biocompatibility and superior physical properties, such as an exceptionally low coefficient of friction and excellent durability. However, the bioinert nature [...] Read more.

Medical-grade ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is the material of choice for sliding surfaces in various articular joint implants owing to its excellent biocompatibility and superior physical properties, such as an exceptionally low coefficient of friction and excellent durability. However, the bioinert nature of UHMWPE limits its extended use in rapidly advancing medical fronts. In this study, bioactive surface modifications of UHMWPE were addressed using a newly developed laser-melt infiltration technique. UHMWPE was coated with binary mixtures of strontium apatite and colloidal silica particles and irradiated using a 30 W CO₂ laser to reach the maximum temperature of 150 ± 5 °C. UHMWPE melts infiltrated the porous matrices of the coatings by capillary force and formed surface-selective composite materials between them. Capillary rise heights were evaluated by observing the uplift of the substrate after the selective dissolution of the coating substances and were found to be much higher than the estimated values based on the Lucas–Washburn equation. This finding suggests that the melt viscosity of UHMWPE confined within the nanopores might be significantly lower than that measured at macroscopic scales. Both strontium and silicate ions are known osteo-inductive factors, and their concentrations eluted from the binary coatings were substantially higher than those found in the single coatings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biocompatible Polymer-Based Materials: Synthesis, Properties and Applications)

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16 pages, 4566 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Surface Modification of PEEK Artificial Phalanx by 3D Printing on its Biological Activity

by Yun Shi, Ting Deng, Yu Peng, Zugan Qin, Murugan Ramalingam, Yang Pan, Cheng Chen, Feng Zhao, Lijia Cheng and Juan Liu

Coatings 2023, 13(2), 400; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13020400 - 9 Feb 2023

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1775

Abstract

Objective: Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is widely used as an orthopedic implant material owing to its good biocompatibility and mechanical strength; however, PEEK implants are biologically inert, resulting in suboptimal cellular responses after implantation. The aim of this study was to enhance the biological activity [...] Read more.

Objective: Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is widely used as an orthopedic implant material owing to its good biocompatibility and mechanical strength; however, PEEK implants are biologically inert, resulting in suboptimal cellular responses after implantation. The aim of this study was to enhance the biological activity of PEEK through sulfonation treatment. Methods: In this study, distal phalangeal implants of PEEK were customized by fused deposition modeling (FDM) printing technology and soaked in concentrated sulfuric acid at different times to obtain sulfonated PEEK (SPEEK). The groups were divided into five groups according to the sulfonation time as follows: 0 min (control group), 1 min (group SPEEK1), 2 min (group SPEEK2), 4 min (group SPEEK4), and 8 min (group SPEEK8). Then the physicochemical characteristics of implants were determined by SEM, XRD, EDS, etc. The implants were co-cultured with stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED), and then the cell proliferation, adhesion, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and alizarin red staining were performed to detect the biological activity, biocompatibility, and osteogenic activity of the SPEEK implants. Results: The sulfonation time range of 1 to 8 min could promote the formation of micropores on the surface of PEEK implants, while slightly affecting the composition and compression performance of the implants. Compared with the control group, the hydrophilicity of PEEK materials was not improved after sulfonation treatment. Tests for adhesion and proliferation of SHED indicated that SPEEK2 showed superior biocompatibility. Furthermore, ALP activity and semi-quantitative analysis of Alizarin red staining showed that the osteogenic activity of SPEEK2 phalanges exhibited significantly stronger osteogenic activity than the other groups. Conclusions: The method presented here provides a promising approach to improve the surface bioactivity of PEEK implants prepared by FDM, providing a shred of primary evidence to support the application of SPEEK in orthopedics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biocompatible Polymer-Based Materials: Synthesis, Properties and Applications)

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10 pages, 2761 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Thermoplastic Transfer Film Spin-Coated for Near-Field Probe Laser-Capture Microdissection System

by Chi-Fu Yen, Chien-Ming Chen and Chuan-Yu Shen

Coatings 2023, 13(2), 229; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13020229 - 18 Jan 2023

Viewed by 1216

Abstract

To improve laser-capture microdissection (LCM) resolution, we designed a near-field probe LCM system that pushed microdissection resolution from 7.5 μm to 400 nm. Here, we report a transfer film for our constructed system, replacing commercial transfer films used in conventional LCM systems. A [...] Read more.

To improve laser-capture microdissection (LCM) resolution, we designed a near-field probe LCM system that pushed microdissection resolution from 7.5 μm to 400 nm. Here, we report a transfer film for our constructed system, replacing commercial transfer films used in conventional LCM systems. A low-melting-point ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer was chosen as the main material. Adequate concentrations of EVA and near-infrared (NIR) absorbing dyes of an appropriate thickness to prepare the transfer film were investigated. The flatness of the film surface and the relationship between different film thicknesses and melt dot sizes were studied using atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The results show that the flatness is approximately 4.3 nm, and the melt dot size is proportional to the transfer film’s thickness. The proper conditions for preparing the film were 17.5% (w/v) of EVA in the toluene solution with 0.001 M of NIR absorbing dyes. Using a 30 μm thick transfer film, 200 nm diameter particles on a 20 nm thick monolayer of gold particles could be captured. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biocompatible Polymer-Based Materials: Synthesis, Properties and Applications)

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15 pages, 3573 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Enhanced Red Emissions of Europium (III) Chelates in RNA–OTMA Complexes

by Lijuan Liang, Nianjie Zhang, Rong Cao, Suyun Wang, Shengzhen Liu, Zhaohui Yu, Quanxiao Liu, Jigang Wang, Zhenjun Li and Tao Jiang

Coatings 2022, 12(10), 1467; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12101467 - 4 Oct 2022

Viewed by 1886

Abstract

In recent years, biopolymers have been widely used in optoelectronic devices because of their unique structure, novel optical and physical properties. In this paper, novel RNA-based photofunctional materials were fabricated by associating an RNA–OTMA (octadecyltrimethylammonium chloride) lipid complex with a luminescent Eu (III) [...] Read more.

In recent years, biopolymers have been widely used in optoelectronic devices because of their unique structure, novel optical and physical properties. In this paper, novel RNA-based photofunctional materials were fabricated by associating an RNA–OTMA (octadecyltrimethylammonium chloride) lipid complex with a luminescent Eu (III) complex. The fluorescence emission intensity, fluorescence quantum yield and fluorescence lifetime were characterized in both solution and thin film states, and the interaction between the RNA–OTMA lipid complex and Eu (III) complexes was analyzed. This study suggests that the luminescence performance of the Eu (III) complexes doped with RNA–OTMARNA–OTMA was significantly enhanced compared with those of the complex in a conventional poly (methyl methacrylate) matrix, thereby providing an important basis for the application of biomaterials in optoelectronic devices. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biocompatible Polymer-Based Materials: Synthesis, Properties and Applications)

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12 pages, 2444 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Reproduction of Fine Details and Compatibility of Vinyl Polysiloxane Impression Materials

by Shahab Ud Din, Farooq Ahmad Chaudhary, Yasir Alyahya, Bilal Arjumand, Muhammad Qasim Javed, Ahmed Ali and Mangala Patel

Coatings 2022, 12(6), 867; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12060867 - 20 Jun 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2079

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to develop novel experimental (Exp) vinyl polysiloxane (VPS) impression materials (ab initio) and to evaluate their reproduction of fine details and compatibility with pouring materials. The Exp materials were compared with three commercial VPSs (Aquasil Ultra Monophase [...] Read more.

The purpose of this study was to develop novel experimental (Exp) vinyl polysiloxane (VPS) impression materials (ab initio) and to evaluate their reproduction of fine details and compatibility with pouring materials. The Exp materials were compared with three commercial VPSs (Aquasil Ultra Monophase (Aq M), Extrude Medium-Bodied (Extr M), Elite HD Monophase (Elt M)) under dry, moist and wet conditions. Five VPSs (Exp-I–V) were developed, out of which Exp-I and II were hydrophobic while Exp-III, IV and V were hydrophilic. In the current study, Exp-II is the control for Exp-III, IV and V. Exp-I was the control for Exp-II, in which tear strength of the VPS was improved by adding a novel cross-linking agent. This part of the study has already been published by the authors. Under dry conditions, all commercial and Exp materials reproduced the 20 µm line satisfactorily. Under moist conditions, all commercial and some of the Exp (III, IV and V) materials reproduced the 20 µm line satisfactorily, with the exception of Exp-I and II. Under wet conditions, Aq M, Extr M and Exp-IV and V reproduced the continuous line, while Elt M and Exp-I, II and III failed to produce the line. For compatibility, all commercial and Exp VPSs, under dry conditions, reproduced the 50 µm line on the cast. Under moist conditions, Elt M and Exp-I and II did not record the line, while Aq M, Extr M and Exp-III, IV and V reproduced this line. Under wet conditions, Aq M, Extr M and Exp-IV and V reproduced the continuous line of 50 µm, while Elt M and Exp-I, II and III failed to record this line. Performance of the materials depends on the type and amount of surfactant incorporated. These data provide useful knowledge for clinicians on recording and pouring impressions with greater accuracy of reproduction of fine details and compatibility with cast/die materials. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biocompatible Polymer-Based Materials: Synthesis, Properties and Applications)

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10 pages, 38040 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Antifungal Activity of Squid Pen Chitosan Nanoparticles against Three Fungal Pathogens in Various Citrus Fruits In Vitro and In Vivo

by Hoang Ngoc Cuong, Nguyen Cong Minh, Nguyen Van Hoa, Dang Ha Giang, Nguyen Van Hieu and Pham Viet Nam

Coatings 2022, 12(2), 235; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12020235 - 11 Feb 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2096

Abstract

Fungal infections have been considered a primary cause of the postharvest losses of citrus fruits. Therefore, it is necessary to find low-cost and high antifungal activity materials for preventing the decay of citrus fruits after harvest. In this study, squid chitosan nanoparticles (SCNs) [...] Read more.

Fungal infections have been considered a primary cause of the postharvest losses of citrus fruits. Therefore, it is necessary to find low-cost and high antifungal activity materials for preventing the decay of citrus fruits after harvest. In this study, squid chitosan nanoparticles (SCNs) were prepared from squid pen chitosan and used as a biofungicide against three citrus fungal pathogens in both in vitro and in vivo evaluations. The prepared SCNs had a mean size of ca. 56 nm and a high zeta potential of +98.7 eV with a narrow size distribution. At a range of 50–250 ppm, the SCN concentration of 200 ppm exhibited the highest activity in totally inhibiting the growth of Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae, Alternaria alternate, and Penicillium digitatum in in vitro tests where these fungi were isolated from symptomatic fruits and identified. Furthermore, after 12 days of incubation at 30 ± 0.2 °C and high relative humidity in in vivo studies, the infection area of the sample treated at 250 ppm completely suppressed fruit disease symptoms. The results demonstrate that prepared SCNs efficiently control postharvest citrus fruit diseases. These findings recommend applying SCNs as a potential candidate for citrus fruit storage. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biocompatible Polymer-Based Materials: Synthesis, Properties and Applications)

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Review

Jump to: Research

19 pages, 7313 KiB

Open AccessReview

Biopolymers for Surgical Applications

by Tudor Bibire, Onur Yilmaz, Cristina Mihaela Ghiciuc, Nela Bibire and Radu Dănilă

Coatings 2022, 12(2), 211; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12020211 - 6 Feb 2022

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3854

Abstract

Biopolymers have gained significant attention as a class of polymer materials with a wide range of applications, especially in the medical and pharmaceutical field. Due to particular characteristics, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, and functionality, they have become promising candidates for various surgical [...] Read more.

Biopolymers have gained significant attention as a class of polymer materials with a wide range of applications, especially in the medical and pharmaceutical field. Due to particular characteristics, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, and functionality, they have become promising candidates for various surgical applications, including as bioadhesives, sealants, wound dressings, sutures, drug carriers, coating materials, etc. Recent research shows that further modification of biopolymers by advanced techniques can improve their functionality i.e., antibacterial activity, cell viability, drug-releasing capability, good wet adhesion performance, and good mechanical properties. This mini review aims to provide a brief report on the type of biopolymers and recent developments regarding their use in various surgical applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biocompatible Polymer-Based Materials: Synthesis, Properties and Applications)

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