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Novel Approaches on the Coatings Materials: Biomedical and Industrial Applications

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A special issue of Coatings (ISSN 2079-6412). This special issue belongs to the section "Surface Coatings for Biomedicine and Bioengineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 September 2023) | Viewed by 35393

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Magdalena Malik

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Guest Editor

Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
Interests: IR and Raman spectroscopy of the films and coatings materials; bioinorganic chemistry; synthesis of new complexes with a potential anticancer activity; vibrational spectroscopy in theory and application; Raman mapping; microscoping analysis; DFT calculations

Dr. Ewa Brychcy-Rajska

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Guest Editor

Department of Animal Products Technology and Quality Management, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C. K. Norwida 25, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
Interests: edible films and coatings; biodegradable polymers; salmonella; antimicrobial materials; antimicrobial resistance; enterobacteriaceae; food microbiology; food safety; antimicrobial resistance of natural compounds; food technology; food preservation; novel sanitation and decontamination technologies

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is a great pleasure to invite you to contribute your original research to this Special Issue: “Novel Approaches on the Coatings Materials: Biomedical and Industrial Applications” focused on the preparation, characterization, properties, and applications of biocoatings and films.

The research field of biofilms and coatings is very wide, including biomaterials, food applications, coatings for protection against corrosion and for surface modification, as well as polymers and nanomaterials. Nowadays, thin-film and coating technology is extensively applied for surface modifications of a number of materials in order to improve their properties. This procedure applies to biomedical materials, as well as those used in industry (food, metal and others). Moreover, the search for novel compositions of thin films that could have bioactive properties as an antibacterial or antifungal agent is very important. This Special Issue of Coatings is intended to combine both aspects and to support the exchange of information between scientists from various industries regarding real applications.

Our Special Issue focuses on sharing recent achievements in this field, with special attention paid to the relationship between advanced preparation, properties and applications and physical characteristics. Studies could include industrial techniques and applications; biological, magnetic and thermal properties; the use of FT-IR and micro-Raman spectroscopy techniques for the study of coating systems and models.

“Novel Approaches on the Coatings Materials: Biomedical and Industrial Applications” aims to summarize advanced studies related to thin-film and coating preparation and characterization for biomedical or industrial application, which expands the horizons of this field.

In particular, topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following:

Design of biomedical coatings;
Surface biological activity modification of biocoatings on/of widely used materials;
Preparation and modification of the biological coatings based on natural products;
Novel materials used in a wide range of coating systems for industrial applications;
Coating procedures, methods, technologies and testing.

Dr. Magdalena Malik
Dr. Ewa Brychcy-Rajska
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Coatings is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

biological properties
bioactive films in applications
novel surface coatings
technology and physicochemical characterization of coatings
modifications technology to facilitate industrial application

Published Papers (9 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 2170 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperEditor’s ChoiceArticle

In Situ and Ex Situ Raman Studies of Cysteine’s Behavior on a Titanium Surface in Buffer Solution

by Dominika Święch, Natalia Piergies, Gaetano Palumbo and Czesława Paluszkiewicz

Coatings 2023, 13(1), 175; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13010175 - 12 Jan 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1923

Abstract

In this paper, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) was used to investigate the adsorption process of cysteine (Cys). Studies were carried out in the presence of phosphate-buffered saline solution (PBS), at pH 7.4, and acidified to pH 5, 3, and 1, on the surface of Ti for implant application. In situ SERS spectra obtained for the Cys/Ti solution system, after 24 h of immersion time, indicated that the buffer solution strongly influences the adsorption behavior of Cys on the Ti surface. This results in a decrease in Cys adsorption on the Ti surface, in the range of pH 7.4 to 3. The strong interaction between a sulfur atom of Cys and a Ti surface was observed only at pH = 1, under strongly acidic conditions. In contrast, ex situ SERS spectra recorded for the same samples but in a dried Cys/Ti system show a completely different behavior of Cys on the Ti surface. Formation of a disulfide (S-S) bond has occurred as a result of the dimerization or aggregation of Cys molecules on the Ti surface. Detailed analysis of the adsorption behavior of Cys on the Ti surface can be very important in the preparation of bioactive materials (i.e., coated by organic layers). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Approaches on the Coatings Materials: Biomedical and Industrial Applications)

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13 pages, 4807 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Biological Corrosion Resistance and Osteoblast Response of 316LVM Polished Using Electrolytic Plasma

by Haidong Duan, Huanwu Sun, Gangqiang Ji, Dongliang Yang, Sixue Li, Juan Wang and Yuxia Xiang

Coatings 2022, 12(11), 1672; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12111672 - 4 Nov 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1296

Abstract

As electrolytic plasma polishing (EPP) offers the advantages of strong shape adaptability, high efficiency, and environmental friendliness, it has great application prospects in biomedical material processing. However, the effect of EPP on the biological performance of the treated surfaces remains unclear. In the present study, the effects of EPP on the surface roughness, micro-morphology, corrosion behavior, and cell response of 316LVM were investigated. The results revealed that the surface roughness (Ra) was reduced from 0.3108 to 0.0454 µm upon EPP, and the sharp peaks and protrusions produced as a result of mechanical grinding were removed. The corrosion current density decreased from 1.129 to 0.164 µA/cm², while the charge transfer resistance increased from 513.3 to 17,430 kΩ·cm², which implied that EPP treatment could significantly improve the corrosion resistance of 316LVM. Furthermore, affected by the sharp ridges on both sides of the groove, the outward spreading of osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) on the untreated samples was inhibited, and the edges were curled. The cells grew along the direction of the mechanical processing texture on the untreated samples, while they grew randomly in all directions on the surface treated using EPP, which adversely affected the growth, spreading, and migration of the cells. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Approaches on the Coatings Materials: Biomedical and Industrial Applications)

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13 pages, 4727 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Structural Determination of Pectins by Spectroscopy Methods

by Agata Kozioł, Kamila Środa-Pomianek, Agata Górniak, Agnieszka Wikiera, Konrad Cyprych and Magdalena Malik

Coatings 2022, 12(4), 546; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12040546 - 18 Apr 2022

Cited by 25 | Viewed by 3904

Abstract

Plant polysaccharides include pectins, which are responsible for an important role in plant physiology and are part of the plant cell wall. These compounds are known as gelling and stabilizing agents, which are widely used in the food industry. The scientific literature lacks precise information on the spectroscopy of apple pectin and citrus pectin. Therefore, the aim of this work was to test and compare the physicochemical properties of these compounds. The curves of FT-IR, NMR, ESI-MS, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of pectin samples were measured and discussed. The analysis of the spectroscopic results confirms that the isolated pectins using various enzymes (xylanase and cellulase) have a structure similar to the commercially available pectin (PectaSol-C), with a noticeable change in morphology. These characteristics are helpful for further basic research and application. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Approaches on the Coatings Materials: Biomedical and Industrial Applications)

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15 pages, 2517 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Spectroscopic Investigations of 316L Stainless Steel under Simulated Inflammatory Conditions for Implant Applications: The Effect of Tryptophan as Corrosion Inhibitor/Hydrophobicity Marker

by Dominika Święch, Gaetano Palumbo, Natalia Piergies, Ewa Pięta, Aleksandra Szkudlarek and Czesława Paluszkiewicz

Coatings 2021, 11(9), 1097; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11091097 - 11 Sep 2021

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2533

Abstract

In this paper, the conformational changes of tryptophan (Trp) on the corroded 316 L stainless steel (SS) surface obtained under controlled simulated inflammatory conditions have been studied by Raman (RS) and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy methods. The corrosion behavior and protective efficiency of the investigated samples were performed using the potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) technique in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution acidified to pH 3.0 at 37 °C in the presence and absence of 10⁻² M Trp, with different immersion times (2 h and 24 h). The amino acid is adsorbed onto the corroded SS surface mainly through the lone electron pair of the nitrogen atom of the indole ring, which adopts a more/less tilted orientation, and the protonated amine group. The visible differences in the intensity of the Fermi doublet upon adsorption of Trp onto the corroded SS surface, which is a sensitive marker of the local environment, suggested that a stronger hydrophobic environment is observed. This may result in an improvement of the corrosion resistance, after 2 h than 24 h of exposure time. The electrochemical results confirm this statement—the inhibition efficiency of Trp, acting as a mixed-type inhibitor, is made drastically higher after a short period of immersion. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Approaches on the Coatings Materials: Biomedical and Industrial Applications)

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25 pages, 5725 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Beta-Titanium Alloy Covered by Ferroelectric Coating–Physicochemical Properties and Human Osteoblast-Like Cell Response

by Marta Vandrovcova, Zdenek Tolde, Premysl Vanek, Vaclav Nehasil, Martina Doubková, Martina Trávníčková, Jan Drahokoupil, Elena Buixaderas, Fedir Borodavka, Jaroslava Novakova and Lucie Bacakova

Coatings 2021, 11(2), 210; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11020210 - 11 Feb 2021

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2314

Abstract

Beta-titanium alloys are promising materials for bone implants due to their advantageous mechanical properties. For enhancing the interaction of bone cells with this perspective material, we developed a ferroelectric barium titanate (BaTiO₃) coating on a Ti39Nb alloy by hydrothermal synthesis. This coating was analyzed by scanning electron and Raman microscopy, X-ray diffraction, piezoresponse force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, nanoindentation, and roughness measurement. Leaching experiments in a saline solution revealed that Ba is released from the coating. A progressive decrease of Ba concentration in the material was also found after 1, 3, and 7 days of cultivation of human osteoblast-like Saos-2 cells. On day 1, the Saos-2 cells adhered on the BaTiO₃ film in higher initial numbers than on the bare alloy, but they were less spread, and their initial proliferation rate was slower. These cells also contained a lower amount of beta₁-integrins and vinculin, i.e., molecules involved in cell adhesion, and produced a lower amount of collagen I. This cell behavior was attributed to a higher surface roughness of BaTiO₃ film rather than to its potential cytotoxicity, because the cell viability on this film was very high, reaching almost 99%. The amount of alkaline phosphatase, an enzyme involved in bone matrix mineralization, was similar in cells on the BaTiO₃-coated and uncoated alloy, and on day 7, the cells on BaTiO₃ film attained a higher final cell population density. These results indicate that after some improvements, particularly in its roughness and stability, the hydrothermal ferroelectric BaTiO₃ film could be promising coating for improved osseointegration of bone implants. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Approaches on the Coatings Materials: Biomedical and Industrial Applications)

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20 pages, 4121 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Plasma-Activated Polyvinyl Alcohol Foils for Cell Growth

by Nikola Slepičková Kasálková, Petr Slepička, Barbora Ivanovská, Martina Trávníčková, Petr Malinský, Anna Macková, Lucie Bačáková and Václav Švorčík

Coatings 2020, 10(11), 1083; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10111083 - 11 Nov 2020

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2385

Abstract

Hydrogels, and not only natural polysaccharide hydrogels, are substances capable of absorbing large amounts of water and physiological fluids. In this study, we set out to optimize the process for preparing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels. Subsequently, we doped PVA foils with cellulose powder, with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) or with gold nanoparticles in PEG colloid solutions (Au). The foils were then modified in a plasma discharge to improve their biocompatibility. The properties of PVA foils were studied by various analytical methods. The use of a suitable dopant can significantly affect the surface wettability, the roughness, the morphology and the mechanical properties of the material. Plasma treatment of PVA leads to ultraviolet light-induced crosslinking and decreasing water absorption. At the same time, this treatment significantly improves the cytocompatibility of the polymer, which is manifested by enhanced growth of human adipose-derived stem cells. This positive effect on the cell behavior was most pronounced on PVA foils doped with PEG or with Au. This modification of PVA therefore seems to be most suitable for the use of this polymer as a cell carrier for tissue engineering, wound healing and other regenerative applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Approaches on the Coatings Materials: Biomedical and Industrial Applications)

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22 pages, 5422 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effect of Various Surface Treatments of Ti6Al4V on the Growth and Osteogenic Differentiation of Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells

by Jana Stepanovska, Roman Matejka, Martin Otahal, Jozef Rosina and Lucie Bacakova

Coatings 2020, 10(8), 762; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10080762 - 5 Aug 2020

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2682

Abstract

The physical and chemical properties of the material surface, especially its roughness and wettability, have a crucial effect on the adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of cells. The aim of this study is to select the most appropriate surface modifications of Ti6Al4V implants for pre-colonization of the implants with adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) in order to improve their osseointegration. We compared the adhesion, growth, and osteogenic differentiation of rat ASCs on Ti6Al4V samples modified by methods commonly used for preparing clinically used titanium-based implants, namely polishing (PL), coating with diamond-like carbon (DLC), brushing (BR), anodizing (AND), and blasting (BL). The material surface roughness, measured by the Ra and Rq parameters, increased in the following order: PL < DLC ˂ BR ˂ AND ˂ BL. The water drop contact angle was in the range of 60–74°, with the exception of the DLC-coated samples, where it was only 38°. The cell number, morphology, mitochondrial activity, relative fluorescence intensity of osteogenic markers RUNX2, type 1 collagen, and osteopontin, the calcium consumption by the cells and the alkaline phosphatase activity depended on the surface roughness rather than on the surface wettability of the materials. Materials with a surface roughness of several tens of nanometers (Ra 60–70 nm), i.e., the BR and AND samples, supported a satisfactory level of cell proliferation. At the same time, they achieved the highest level of osteogenic cell differentiation. These surface modifications therefore seem to be most suitable for pre-colonization of Ti6Al4V implants with stem cells pre-differentiated toward osteoblasts, and then for implanting them into the bone tissue. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Approaches on the Coatings Materials: Biomedical and Industrial Applications)

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10 pages, 864 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Titanium-Nitride Coating Does Not Result in a Better Clinical Outcome Compared to Conventional Cobalt-Chromium Total Knee Arthroplasty after a Long-Term Follow-Up: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis

by Georg Hauer, Lukas Leitner, Marc C. Ackerl, Sebastian Klim, Ines Vielgut, Reinhard Ehall, Mathias Glehr, Andreas Leithner and Patrick Sadoghi

Coatings 2020, 10(5), 442; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10050442 - 30 Apr 2020

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 5577

Abstract

Background: The impact of titanium nitride (TiN) coating on implant components is controversial. TiN coating is proposed as having superior biomechanical properties compared to conventional cobalt-chromium (CoCr) alloy. This study compared long-term clinical data as well as meteoro-sensitivity in patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty (TKA), with either CoCr alloy or TiN coating. Methods: In this retrospective observational study, the clinically approved cemented “low contact stress” (LCS) TKA with conventional CoCr coating, was compared to un-cemented TiN-coated “advanced coated system” (ACS) TKA. Propensity score matching identified comparable patients based on their characteristics in a one-to-one ratio using the nearest-neighbor method. The final cohort comprised 260 knees in each cohort, with a mean follow-up of 10.1 ± 1.0 years for ACS patients and 14.9 ± 3.0 years for the LCS group. Physical examinations, meteoro-sensitivity, and knee scoring were assessed. Results: The clinical and functional Knee Society Score (KSS) (82.6 vs. 70.8; p < 0.001 and 61.9 vs. 71.1; p = 0.011), the postoperative Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) (2.9 vs. 1.4; p = 0.002), and the postoperative Tegner Score (2.6 vs. 2.2; p = 0.001) showed significant intergroup differences. The postoperative Western Ontario & McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) was similar (79.9 vs. 81.3; p = 0.453) between groups. Meteoro-sensitivity of the artificial joint was significantly more prevalent in the ACS patient cohort (56% vs. 23%; p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study suggests that TiN coating does not provide improved clinical outcomes in this patient cohort after a long-term follow-up. Interestingly, sensitivity to weather changes were more correlated with un-cemented ACS implants. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Approaches on the Coatings Materials: Biomedical and Industrial Applications)

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Review

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25 pages, 1681 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperReview

Osteoconductive and Osteoinductive Surface Modifications of Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration: A Concise Review

by Paulina Kazimierczak and Agata Przekora

Coatings 2020, 10(10), 971; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10100971 - 12 Oct 2020

Cited by 69 | Viewed by 11917

Abstract

The main aim of bone tissue engineering is to fabricate highly biocompatible, osteoconductive and/or osteoinductive biomaterials for tissue regeneration. Bone implants should support bone growth at the implantation site via promotion of osteoblast adhesion, proliferation, and formation of bone extracellular matrix. Moreover, a very desired feature of biomaterials for clinical applications is their osteoinductivity, which means the ability of the material to induce osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells toward bone-building cells (osteoblasts). Nevertheless, the development of completely biocompatible biomaterials with appropriate physicochemical and mechanical properties poses a great challenge for the researchers. Thus, the current trend in the engineering of biomaterials focuses on the surface modifications to improve biological properties of bone implants. This review presents the most recent findings concerning surface modifications of biomaterials to improve their osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity. The article describes two types of surface modifications: (1) Additive and (2) subtractive, indicating biological effects of the resultant surfaces in vitro and/or in vivo. The review article summarizes known additive modifications, such as plasma treatment, magnetron sputtering, and preparation of inorganic, organic, and composite coatings on the implants. It also presents some common subtractive processes applied for surface modifications of the biomaterials (i.e., acid etching, sand blasting, grit blasting, sand-blasted large-grit acid etched (SLA), anodizing, and laser methods). In summary, the article is an excellent compendium on the surface modifications and development of advanced osteoconductive and/or osteoinductive coatings on biomaterials for bone regeneration. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Approaches on the Coatings Materials: Biomedical and Industrial Applications)

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