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Coatings
Special Issues
Polymer-Based Multifunctional Coatings for Cultural Heritage Protection
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Polymer-Based Multifunctional Coatings for Cultural Heritage Protection

A special issue of Coatings (ISSN 2079-6412).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 September 2020) | Viewed by 12069

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Cristian Petcu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institutul National de Cercetare—Dezvoltare pentru Chimie si Petrochimie—ICECHIM, Departamentul Polimeri, Bucharest, Romania
Interests: polymers; nanomaterials; organic-inorganic hybrids; superhydrophobic coatings; core-shell micro and nanoparticles
Prof. Dr. Ludmila Otilia Cinteza

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Physical Chemistry Department, University of Bucharest, 4-12 Bd. Regina Elisabeta, 030018 Bucharest, Romania
Interests: nanomaterials; nanostructured drug delivery systems; microemulsions; functional surfaces; nanocoatings; polymer–surfactant complexes; superhydrophobic materials; plasmonic nanoparticles
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The responsible and sustainable management of cultural heritage is a constant concern worldwide, as historical buildings, works of art, monuments, and archaeological sites, are all subjected to irreversible degradation, because of the natural and anthropogenic causes. The preventive conservation of cultural heritage demands complex multidisciplinary research in order to develop suitable materials and techniques for the protection of various surfaces such as stone, metal, paper, textile, and leather. Compatibility with the original material, durability, resistance to environmental factors, transparency, reversibility of the treatment and many other requirements that need to be fulfilled are still challenging issues for the materials that are applied as protective films in the conservation of art works.

The scope of this Special Issue is on the advances in multifunctional coatings for surface treatment in the conservation of cultural heritage. Research articles, reviews and communications regarding new solutions for the protection of heritage objects, based on organic or inorganic polymers, organic-inorganic hybrids and/or nanocomposites are expected. Advanced techniques for analyzing polymeric coatings and assesing their behavior and performaces over time are also subjects of interest.

In particular, topics of interest include, but are not limited to the following:

  • Nanoparticle-based coatings;
  • Superhydrophobic and amphiphobic coatings;
  • Antibacterial coatings;
  • Functional coatings for the protection of metallic artifacts;
  • Polymer coatings for textile conservation;
  • Protective coatings for paper art woks and hystorical documents;
  • Nondestructive research on coatings on cultural heritage objects;
  • Self-cleaning materials for the protection of hystorical buildings and art objects;
  • Self-healing coatings in cultural heritage;
  • Protective coatings for modern/contemporary art objects and monuments.

Dr. Cristian Petcu
Assoc. Prof. Otilia Ludmila Cinteza
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Coatings is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 4024 KiB  
Article
Synthesis and Characterisation of Organo-Modified Silica Nanostructured Films for the Water-Repellent Treatment of Historic Stone Buildings
by Cristian Petcu, Elvira Alexandrescu, Adriana Bălan, Maria Antonia Tănase and Ludmila Otilia Cinteză
Coatings 2020, 10(10), 1010; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10101010 - 21 Oct 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2823
Abstract
This study presents the facile sol-gel synthesis of nanostructured coatings for use in water-repellent treatment of travertine stone. The synthesized materials combine surface roughness characteristics with particular chemical compositions to give different hydrophobicity results. The influence of the silica particle coating precursor on [...] Read more.
This study presents the facile sol-gel synthesis of nanostructured coatings for use in water-repellent treatment of travertine stone. The synthesized materials combine surface roughness characteristics with particular chemical compositions to give different hydrophobicity results. The influence of the silica particle coating precursor on the hydrophobicity of the polymeric film was investigated, and the octyl-modified silane was selected for further fabrication of the hybrid coatings. The water repellent properties, together with composition and structural properties of the silane-based hybrid material were measured on model glass surface. The coating with the best characteristics was subsequently deposited onto the travertine stone. The potential applicability of the nanostructured material was evaluated considering both the properties of the coating film and those of the travertine stone subjected to the treatment. The surface texture of the film, water repellent properties and uniformity were determined using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, dynamic light scattering and contact angle measurements. The coating’s potential for use in stone conservation was evaluated by assessing its impact on the stone’s visual aspect. All the results obtained from the different types of analyses showed that the octyl-modified silica nanostructured material was highly hydrophobic and compatible both with the travertine stone and with the requirements for use on cultural heritage monuments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymer-Based Multifunctional Coatings for Cultural Heritage Protection)
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21 pages, 5271 KiB  
Article
Improving the Protectiveness of 3-Mercaptopropyl-Trimethoxysilane Coatings on Bronze by Addition of Oxidic Nano- and Microparticles
by Cecilia Monticelli, Federica Zanotto, Vincenzo Grassi, Mahla Seyedi and Andrea Balbo
Coatings 2020, 10(3), 225; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10030225 - 1 Mar 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2700
Abstract
The protectiveness of coatings based on 3-mercaptopropyl-trimethoxysilane (PropS-SH) applied on bronze artworks was enhanced by investigating and tuning a variety of factors. In particular, the coating performances were optimized by proper additive choice among oxide nanoparticles (CeO2, La2O3 [...] Read more.
The protectiveness of coatings based on 3-mercaptopropyl-trimethoxysilane (PropS-SH) applied on bronze artworks was enhanced by investigating and tuning a variety of factors. In particular, the coating performances were optimized by proper additive choice among oxide nanoparticles (CeO2, La2O3, TiO2) and microparticles (fly ash (FA)), and by varying the aging time of the nanoparticle suspensions before coating application and the RT curing time of the coatings. Moreover, the possibility of conservation of the silane solution under refrigerated conditions was assessed. The aggressive environment was a tenfold concentrated synthetic acid rain (AR × 10). The techniques adopted comprised electrochemical tests (polarization curve recording and EIS tests) and SEM-Energy Dispersion Spectroscopy (EDS) observations. In the case of FA microparticles, never used before as additives in silane coatings, further tests were performed in FA suspensions in AR × 10 to clarify the contribution of these particles to PropS-SH coating protectiveness. The tests included pH measurements, elemental chemical analyses, and electrochemical tests on bare bronze. Improved performances of PropS-SH coatings were achieved by La2O3, CeO2, and FA addition, with La2O3 affording the best results during 20 days of immersion. The positive influence of FA was connected to its alkaline character and to the release of soluble silicates. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymer-Based Multifunctional Coatings for Cultural Heritage Protection)
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19 pages, 7376 KiB  
Article
Aesthetic Effects on Granite of Adding Nanoparticle TiO2 to Si-Based Consolidants (Ethyl Silicate or Nano-Sized Silica)
by J. Santiago Pozo-Antonio, Daniel Noya and Cristina Montojo
Coatings 2020, 10(3), 215; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10030215 - 28 Feb 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2958
Abstract
Considering that consolidant products are commonly used in the cultural heritage field and the titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO2) have been used to develop photocatalyst films to induce self-cleaning property, the scientific research on consolidants doped with TiO2 is justified. However, [...] Read more.
Considering that consolidant products are commonly used in the cultural heritage field and the titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO2) have been used to develop photocatalyst films to induce self-cleaning property, the scientific research on consolidants doped with TiO2 is justified. However, the addition of TiO2 can affect to the physical properties of the cultural heritage object, questioning the adequacy of the procedure. In this paper, we evaluated the influence of nanoparticle TiO2 addition to two different commercial consolidant products (ethyl silicate or nano-sized silica) on the appearance and the color of a granite and the penetration through its fissure system. The stone was previously subjected to high temperature simulating the effect of a fire and the subsequent tap water jet to cool down. Therefore, different concentrations of nanocrystalline TiO2 (0.5, 1, and 3 wt %) were considered. The different compositions were also studied considering the compactness, the extent and the thickness of the superficial xerogel coating, and as well the penetration of the consolidant. The minimal TiO2 concentration tested (0.5 wt %) implied a low-medium risk of incompatibility as an intervention in cultural heritage field, because its low-medium potential as inducer of visible color changes of the granite surface. Regardless of the TiO2 content, the nano-sized silica induced surface xerogel coatings more compact and continue than those formed in the ethyl silicate coated surfaces. Higher penetration rates were identified in the granite treated with nano-sized silica colloidal solution, while ethyl silicate was only found in the first few µm. It was found that penetration could depend on the application procedure, the solvent of the consolidant and the silica particle size. The TiO2 addition reduced the penetration of the nano-sized silica consolidant. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymer-Based Multifunctional Coatings for Cultural Heritage Protection)
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17 pages, 3172 KiB  
Article
Influence of the Laser Wavelength on Harmful Effects on Granite Due to Biofilm Removal
by P. Barreiro, A. Andreotti, M. P. Colombini, P. González and J. S. Pozo-Antonio
Coatings 2020, 10(3), 196; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10030196 - 25 Feb 2020
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3007
Abstract
The colonization of stone-built monuments by different organisms (algae, fungi, lichens, bacteria, and cyanobacteria) can lead to biodeterioration of the stone, negatively affecting the artistic value of the heritage. To address this issue, laser cleaning has been widely investigated in recent years, due [...] Read more.
The colonization of stone-built monuments by different organisms (algae, fungi, lichens, bacteria, and cyanobacteria) can lead to biodeterioration of the stone, negatively affecting the artistic value of the heritage. To address this issue, laser cleaning has been widely investigated in recent years, due to the advantages it offers over traditional mechanical and chemical methods: it is gradual, selective, contactless, and environmentally friendly. That said, the laser parameters should be optimized in order to avoid any by-effects on the surface as a result of overcleaning. However, as the adjustment of each parameter to clean polymineralic stones is a difficult task, it would be useful to know the effect of overcleaning on the different forming minerals depending on the wavelength used. In this paper, three different wavelengths (355 nm, 532 nm, and 1064 nm) of a Q-Switch neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:Y3Al5O12) laser, commonly known as QS Nd:YAG laser were applied to extract a naturally developed sub-aerial biofilm from Vilachán granite, commonly used in monuments in the Northwest (NW)Iberian Peninsula. In addition to the removal rate of the biofilm, the by-effects induced for fluences higher than the damage threshold of the stone were evaluated using stereomicroscopy, color spectrophotometry, and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. The results showed that different removal rates were obtained depending on the wavelength used and 532 nm obtained the highest removal level. In terms of by-effects, biotite melting was registered on all surfaces regardless of the wavelength. In addition, 532 nm seemed to be the most aggressive laser system, inducing the greatest change in appearance as a result of extracting the kaolinite crackled coating and the segregations rich in Fe, which are a result of natural weathering. These changes were translated into colorimetric changes visible to the human eye. The surfaces treated with 355 nm and 1064 nm showed lower surface changes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymer-Based Multifunctional Coatings for Cultural Heritage Protection)
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