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Biofunctional Surfaces and Coatings of Biomaterials
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Biofunctional Surfaces and Coatings of Biomaterials

A special issue of Coatings (ISSN 2079-6412). This special issue belongs to the section "Bioactive Coatings and Biointerfaces".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 May 2022) | Viewed by 11576

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Yanjin Lu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Fujian Institute of Research On the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350000, China
Interests: biomaterials; biofunctional surface; bio-inspired materials; additive manufacturing

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is our pleasure to invite you to contribute your original, innovative research to this Special Issue on “Biofunctional Surfaces and Coatings of Biomaterials”.

The surfaces of biomaterials that help to support or replace body parts are directly associated with most biological reactions, such as protein adsorption, cell growth, and bacterial adherence. Biological reactions, which are frequently described as occurring at the interface between biomaterials and the surrounding tissues, affect the immune response, blood compatibility, tissue compatibility, and tissue repair and regeneration properties of biomaterials. Therefore, biocompatible and biofunctional surfaces may serve as a foundation for the development of novel biomaterials, further promoting their transfer to clinical applications. In the quest for biocompatibility and biofunctionality, designing and manipulating surface properties to modulate biological reactions at the interface is an effective strategy to develop high-performance biomaterials. This Special Issue aims to present contemporary research on the development and application of biofunctional surfaces and coatings of biomaterials through a combination of original research papers and review articles from leading groups around the world.

In particular, the topics of interest include but are not limited to:

  1. Smart, stimuli-responsive, and drug-releasing coatings;
  2. Surfaces with the ability to combat implant infections;
  3. Design and development of immunoregulatory surfaces and coatings;
  4. Functional surfaces and coatings inspired by nature;
  5. Characterization of complex biological surfaces.

We look forward to receiving your contribution.

Prof. Dr. Yanjin Lu
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Coatings is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biofunctional surface
  • antibacterial activity
  • immunoregulation
  • bone regeneration
  • targeting delivery

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 2320 KiB  
Article
Preliminary Investigation on Degradation Behavior and Cytocompatibility of Ca-P-Sr Coated Pure Zinc
by Mingfeng Ke, Danhua Xie, Qiangqiang Tang and Shenghui Su
Coatings 2022, 12(1), 43; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12010043 - 31 Dec 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1421
Abstract
Zinc and its alloys show a good application prospect as a new biodegradable material. However, one of the drawbacks is that Zn and its alloys would induce the release of more Zn ions, which are reported to be cytotoxic to cells. In this [...] Read more.
Zinc and its alloys show a good application prospect as a new biodegradable material. However, one of the drawbacks is that Zn and its alloys would induce the release of more Zn ions, which are reported to be cytotoxic to cells. In this study, a Ca-P-Sr bioactive coating was prepared on the surface of pure zinc by the hydrothermal method to address this issue. The morphology, thickness, and composition were characterized, and the effects of the coating on the degradation, cell viability, and ALP staining were investigated. The results demonstrated that the degradation rate of pure zinc was reduced, while the cytocompatibility was significantly improved after pure zinc was treated with Ca-P-Sr coating. It is considered that the Ca-P-Sr bioactive coating prepared by the hydrothermal method has promising application in the clinic. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biofunctional Surfaces and Coatings of Biomaterials)
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11 pages, 4764 KiB  
Article
Improved Biocompatibility of TiO2 Nanotubes via Co-Precipitation Loading with Hydroxyapatite and Gentamicin
by Shuang Tong, Xu Sun, Anhua Wu, Shu Guo and Hangzhou Zhang
Coatings 2021, 11(10), 1191; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11101191 - 29 Sep 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1933
Abstract
The antibacterial properties of titanium make it useful for clinical applications. Hydroxyapatite (HA) is widely utilized as a coating on orthopedic implants to improve osteointegration. Titanium oxide nanotubes (TNT) are recognized as a promising solution for local antibiotic therapy in bone implants. It [...] Read more.
The antibacterial properties of titanium make it useful for clinical applications. Hydroxyapatite (HA) is widely utilized as a coating on orthopedic implants to improve osteointegration. Titanium oxide nanotubes (TNT) are recognized as a promising solution for local antibiotic therapy in bone implants. It is demonstrated that the utilization of HA-coated titanium can improve the biocompatibility of bone implants. This research aims to examine the antibacterial properties and biocompatibility of the TiO2 nanotubes by loading HA and gentamicin. In vitro testing, the characterization of drug release, cell adhesion and proliferation, bacteria culture, and antibacterial tests were conducted. During the in vivo experiments, Staphylococcus aureus was implanted into the femur of rats. The animals were sacrificed at four weeks followed by microbiological and clinical assessments on the bone, which were conducted by removing the implants followed by agar plating. The in vitro cell incubation demonstrated that the TiO2 nanotubes loaded with hydroxyapatite and gentamicin had better cellular compatibility compared to Cp–Ti. In addition, in vitro elution testing showed that gentamicin was released from the hydroxyapatite/TiO2 nanotubes for as long as 22 days. The release time was much longer than the TNT loaded with gentamicin at only 6 h. All animals in the gentamicin/HA/TNT group were free of infection compared to those in the Cp–Ti, TNT, and HA/gentamicin/TNT groups. There was a considerable reduction in the rates of infection among the rats with gentamicin-HA-TNT coatings compared to standard titanium. These results indicated that the co-precipitation of gentamicin and HA loading using the TNT method provided a novel prophylactic method against prosthetic infections and other biomedical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biofunctional Surfaces and Coatings of Biomaterials)
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10 pages, 4149 KiB  
Article
Fabrication of Mg Coating on PEEK and Antibacterial Evaluation for Bone Application
by Yang Ji, Xiaoming Yu and Hao Zhu
Coatings 2021, 11(8), 1010; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11081010 - 23 Aug 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2493
Abstract
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is an alternative biomedical polymer material to traditional metal and ceramic biomaterials. However, as a bioinert material, its wide application in the medical field is seriously restricted due to its lack of bioactivity. In this research, pure Mg was successfully deposited [...] Read more.
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is an alternative biomedical polymer material to traditional metal and ceramic biomaterials. However, as a bioinert material, its wide application in the medical field is seriously restricted due to its lack of bioactivity. In this research, pure Mg was successfully deposited on a PEEK substrate by vapor deposition to improve the antibacterial properties of PEEK implants. The morphology and elemental composition of the coating were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The higher the deposition temperature, the larger the Mg particle size. The Mg coating possesses a hydrophilic surface and a higher surface free energy that create its good biocompatibility. The Mg coating on a PEEK substrate withstands up to 56 days’ immersion. The antibacterial test showed that the antibacterial rate of coated PEEK is 99%. Mg-coated PEEK demonstrates promising antibacterial properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biofunctional Surfaces and Coatings of Biomaterials)
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13 pages, 4662 KiB  
Article
Novel Hydroxyapatite Whiskers Modified by Silver Ion and Nano Zinc Oxide Used for Bone Defect Repairment
by Tingting Yan, Zhimin Jiang, Pan Li, Qinghua Chen, Jing Zhou, Xiuzhen Cui and Qiang Wang
Coatings 2021, 11(8), 957; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11080957 - 11 Aug 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2105
Abstract
The hydroxyapatite (HA) is widely used as bone tissue repair material. The improvement of the antibacterial performance is an aroused general interest. In the present study, the silver ion and nano-zinc oxide modified hydroxyapatite whiskers (HAw) were successfully prepared. The microstructure and the [...] Read more.
The hydroxyapatite (HA) is widely used as bone tissue repair material. The improvement of the antibacterial performance is an aroused general interest. In the present study, the silver ion and nano-zinc oxide modified hydroxyapatite whiskers (HAw) were successfully prepared. The microstructure and the composition of the modified HAw were analyzed by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). SEM analysis showed that the length of the whiskers was 70–190 μm, and the aspect ratio was 10–60. With the increase of Ag+ content, the length and aspect ratio of the whiskers gradually decreased and incomplete spherical hydroxyapatite appeared. FEEM analysis showed that nano-zinc oxide particles on ZnO/3Ag-HAw surface are evenly distributed; the average particle size is less than 30 nm. XRD analysis showed that after sol-gel and calcination treatment, the nano-zinc oxide phase appeared in the diffraction pattern of ZnO/Ag-HAw. TEM analysis showed that the interplanar spacing of 5Ag-HAw increased slightly. The CCK-8 and cells co-culture assays were used to assess the proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells, respectively. The antibacterial abilities of the modified HAw against E. coli (ATCC25922) and S. aureus (ATCC6538) were investigated. The cell cytotoxicity test showed that the cytotoxicity level was 0, and there was no cytotoxicity. Cell adhesion experiments showed that ZnO/3Ag-HAw has good cell compatibility and biological activity. The modified hawthorn has a bacteriostatic rate of more than 90% and has good bacteriostatic activity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biofunctional Surfaces and Coatings of Biomaterials)
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Review

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32 pages, 7469 KiB  
Review
Chemical Bonding of Biomolecules to the Surface of Nano-Hydroxyapatite to Enhance Its Bioactivity
by Sohee Kang, Adnan Haider, Kailash Chandra Gupta, Hun Kim and Innkyu Kang
Coatings 2022, 12(7), 999; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12070999 - 15 Jul 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2502
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a significant constituent of bones or teeth and is widely used as an artificial bone graft. It is often used to replace the lost bones or in reconstructing alveolar bones before dental implantation. HA with biological functions finds its importance [...] Read more.
Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a significant constituent of bones or teeth and is widely used as an artificial bone graft. It is often used to replace the lost bones or in reconstructing alveolar bones before dental implantation. HA with biological functions finds its importance in orthopedic surgery and dentistry to increase the local concentration of calcium ions, which activate the growth and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). To make relevant use of HA in bone transplantation, the surfaces of orthopedic and dental implants are frequently coated with nanosized hydroxyapatite (nHA), but its low dispersibility and tendency to form aggregates, the purpose of the surface modification of bone implants is defeated. To overcome these drawbacks and to improve the histocompatibility of bone implants or to use nHA in therapeutic applications of implants in the treatment of bone diseases, various studies suggested the attachment of biomolecules (growth factors) or drugs through chemical bonding at the surface of nHA. The growth factors or drugs bonded physically at the surface of nHA are mostly unstable and burst released immediately. Therefore, reported studies suggested that the surface of nHA needs to be modified through the chemical bonding of biologically active molecules at the surface of bone implants such as proteins, peptides, or naturally occurring polysaccharides to prevent the aggregation of nHA and to get homogenous dispersion of nHA in solution. The role of irradiation in producing bioactive and antibacterial nHA through morphological variations in surfaces of nHA is also summarized by considering internal structures and the formation of reactive oxygen species on irradiation. This mini-review aims to highlight the importance of small molecules such as proteins, peptides, drugs, and photocatalysts in surface property modification of nHA to achieve stable, bioactive, and antibacterial nHA to act as artificial bone implants (scaffolds) in combination with biodegradable polymers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biofunctional Surfaces and Coatings of Biomaterials)
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