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Corrosion and Electrochemical Behavior of Metals Coating

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A special issue of Coatings (ISSN 2079-6412). This special issue belongs to the section "Corrosion, Wear and Erosion".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 5 June 2024 | Viewed by 34184

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Prof. Dr. Young Gun Ko

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Guest Editor

School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Korea
Interests: physical deformation; chemical coating; corrosion; surface reforming

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Corrosion, generally defined as the surface degradation of most metals due to electrochemical reactions in any environment, has been quite a challenge to enhancing the reliability that determines the lifetime of materials for actual applications. One of the most attractive techniques to alleviate such problems is the fabrication of protective coating from noble metal, inorganic, and organic materials by taking electrochemical behavior into account in order to attain an excellent corrosion performance. The purpose of the Special Issue is to provide a forum for addressing corrosion and electrochemical behavior of metals coating on the basis of current innovations, as well as the fundamental theories of the conformal coating on metals, which comprises the contributions of original research papers and review articles from leading groups around the world. The issue also highlights the ongoing advances in the growing industrial fields, for instance, (i) corrosion phenomena and corresponding mechanisms in the context of thermodynamics and electrochemistry, (ii) novel approaches to tailoring protective coating with exceptional corrosion resistance in general or specific environments, (iii) any other aspects of interest relating to coatings on metals. After the manuscripts are reviewed carefully, those accepted will be published immediately online as a Special Issue entitled ‘Corrosion and Electrochemical Behavior of Metals Coating’ in Coatings.

Prof. Young Gun Ko
Guest Editor

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Keywords

metals
protective coating
corrosion response
electrochemical behavior
surface structure

Published Papers (11 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 12125 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Oxide Scale Microstructure on Atmospheric Corrosion Behavior of Hot Rolled Steel Strip

by Bin Sun, Lei Cheng, Chong-Yang Du, Jing-Ke Zhang, Yong-Quan He and Guang-Ming Cao

Coatings 2021, 11(5), 517; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11050517 - 28 Apr 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2435

Abstract

The atmospheric corrosion behavior of a hot-rolled strip with four types (I–IV) of oxide scale was investigated using the accelerated wet–dry cycle corrosion test. Corrosion resistance and porosity of oxide scale were studied by potentiometric polarization measurements. Characterization of samples after 80 cycles of the wet–dry corrosion test showed that scale comprised wüstite and magnetite had strongest corrosion resistance. Oxide scale composed of inner magnetite/iron (>70%) and an outer magnetite layer had the weakest corrosion resistance. The corrosion kinetics (weight gain) of each type of oxide scale followed an initial linear and then parabolic (at middle to late corrosion) relationship. This could be predicted by a simple kinetic model which showed good agreement with the experimental results. Analysis of the potentiometric polarization curves, obtained from oxide coated steel electrodes, revealed that the type I oxide scale had the highest porosity, and the corrosion mechanism resulted from the joint effects of electrochemical behavior and the porosity of the oxide scale. In the initial stage of corrosion, the corrosion product nucleated and an outer rust layer formed. As the thickness of outer rust layer increased, the corrosion product developed on the scale defects. An inner rust layer then formed in the localized pits as crack growth of the scale. This attacked the scale and expanded into the substrate during the later stage of corrosion. At this stage, the protective effect of the oxide scale was lost. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Corrosion and Electrochemical Behavior of Metals Coating)

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17 pages, 23667 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Influence of Surface Preparation of the Steel during the Renovation of the Car Body on Its Corrosion Resistance

by Dariusz Ulbrich, Jakub Kowalczyk, Arkadiusz Stachowiak, Wojciech Sawczuk and Jaroslaw Selech

Coatings 2021, 11(4), 384; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11040384 - 27 Mar 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2293

Abstract

The article presents the influence of the applied method used for removing the varnish coat on the corrosion resistance of the car body sheet. The tests were carried out on samples prepared from factory-painted car body elements with pearlescent, metallized and acrylic varnish. Removal of the varnish coat was performed by sandpaper grinding, glass bead blasting, disc blaze rapid stripping, soda blasting and abrasive blasting with plastic granules. The average thickness of the factory-painted coating depending on the type of lacquer ranged from about 99 to 140 µm. On the other hand, after removing the varnish, the thickness of the protective zinc coating ranged from 2 to 12.7 µm. The highest values of the zinc coating were obtained for samples in which the varnish was removed by the method such as soda blasting and abrasive blasting with plastic granules. For these two methods of surface preparation, the damage to the zinc layer protecting the steel against corrosion is the smallest and the percentage of zinc in the surface layer ranges from 58% to 78%. The final stage of the research was to test the samples after removing the varnish coat in a two-hour exposure to the corrosive environment in a salt spray chamber. Samples with the surface prepared by grinding with sandpaper reached the level of surface rusting Ri 5, while in the case of soda blasting and the use of plastic granules, no corrosion centers were observed on the surface of the car body sheet. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Corrosion and Electrochemical Behavior of Metals Coating)

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14 pages, 40719 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sensitivity of Corrosion Behavior for Fe-Based Amorphous Coating to Temperature and Chloride Concentration

by Weiyan Lu, Debin Wang, Qi Wang, Fan Yang, Tianrun Li, Yutong Shi, Suode Zhang and Baijun Yang

Coatings 2021, 11(3), 331; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11030331 - 14 Mar 2021

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2049

Abstract

The effects of solution concentration and temperature on the electrochemical behavior of the Fe-based amorphous (AMCs) coatings in NaCl solution were studied by using conventional electrochemical measurement and XPS analysis. Results indicated that as solution concentration and temperature increased, the current density for the Fe-based AMCs increased and the pitting potential decreased. This reduced corrosion resistance was derived from the decreased passivation index and polarization resistance, which contributed to the decrease of the induction time (t_m) for the initiation of corrosion pit. The passive films formed on Fe-based AMCs exhibit two types’ semiconductors higher and lower the flat band potential. The decrease of protectiveness of the passive film was mainly correlated with the reduction of Cr₂O₃ content, the increase of carrier density and the decrease of the work function (W_F). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Corrosion and Electrochemical Behavior of Metals Coating)

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17 pages, 3564 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Galvanic Corrosion Performance of an Al–BN Abradable Seal Coating System in Chloride Solution

by Bing Lei, Mingxiao Peng, Ling Liu, Shengnan Hu, Wei Zhang and Guozhe Meng

Coatings 2021, 11(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11010009 - 24 Dec 2020

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2716

Abstract

In this study, we investigated the galvanic corrosion performance of an Aluminum–Boron Nitride (Al–BN) abradable seal coating system (with a Ni5Al bond layer and a 0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb substrate) in chloride solution by electrochemical methods. The results indicated a three-stage process occurred during the anodic dissolution of the coupled coating system, consisting of a spontaneous pitting stage I under charge transfer control with a decreasing rate, a corrosion developing stage II under mass transfer control with an increasing rate, and a final steady stage III. Precipitation of Al(OH)₃ restricts the oxygen transport process to the cathode and induces localized acidification of the occluded pores of the Al–BN layer, which was the mechanism that could explain the changes of corrosion performance during the three immersion stages of Al–BN coating system. The study suggests that galvanic corrosion of the porous multi-layer Al–BN abradable coating system is mostly influenced by its corrosion product deposition. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Corrosion and Electrochemical Behavior of Metals Coating)

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10 pages, 6415 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Electrochemical Behavior and Electrodeposition of Sn Coating from Choline Chloride–Urea Deep Eutectic Solvents

by Xiaozhou Cao, Lulu Xu, Chao Wang, Siyi Li, Dong Wu, Yuanyuan Shi, Fengguo Liu and Xiangxin Xue

Coatings 2020, 10(12), 1154; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10121154 - 26 Nov 2020

Cited by 19 | Viewed by 3688

Abstract

The electrochemical behavior and electrodeposition of Sn were investigated in choline chloride (ChCl)–urea deep eutectic solvents (DESs) containing SnCl₂ by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry techniques. The electrodeposition of Sn(II) was a quasi-reversible, single-step two-electron-transfer process. The average transfer coefficient and diffusion coefficient of 0.2 M Sn(II) in ChCl–urea at 323 K were 0.29 and 1.35 × 10⁻⁹ cm²∙s⁻¹. The nucleation overpotential decreased with the increase in temperature and SnCl₂ concentration. The results of the chronoamperometry indicated that the Sn deposition on tungsten electrode occurred by three-dimensional instantaneous nucleation and diffusion controlled growth using the Scharifker–Hills model. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the morphology of the deposits is uniform, as a dense and compact film prepared by potentiostatic electrolysis on Cu substrate. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that the deposits were pure metallic Sn. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Corrosion and Electrochemical Behavior of Metals Coating)

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13 pages, 4916 KiB

Open AccessArticle

WC-Co and WC-Co-Cr Coatings for the Protection of API Pipeline Steel from Corrosion in 4% NaCl Solution

by El-Sayed M. Sherif, Magdy M. El Rayes and Hany S. Abdo

Coatings 2020, 10(3), 275; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10030275 - 16 Mar 2020

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2970

Abstract

Two inorganic coatings, namely 88%WC-12%Co (PSC1) and 86%WC-10%Co-4%Cr (PSC2), were deposited on the surface of an API-2H pipeline steel using high velocity oxy-fuel deposition. The corrosion of the uncoated and coated API-2H steel after their immersion in a solution of 4.0% NaCl for 1 h, 24 h, and 48 h has been studied. Various electrochemical measurements such cyclic potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and potentiostatic current versus time were employed. The surface morphology and analysis were carried out via the use of scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray examinations. All experiments have revealed that the deposited coatings decreased the cathodic current, anodic current, corrosion current density (j_Corr), absolute current versus time, and the corrosion rate (R_Corr) compared to the uncoated API-2H steel. The value of j_Corr decreased from 47 µA/cm² for uncoated steel to 38 µA/cm² for the PSC1-coated steel and 29 µA/cm² for the PSC2-coated steel. Moreover, prolonging the time of exposure decreases the j_Corr and R_Corr values. The j_Corr values obtained after 48 h recorded 32, 26, and 20 µA/cm² for the uncoated, PSC1, and PSC2 samples, respectively. Moreover, applying these coatings also led to increasing the corrosion resistance (R_P) after all the exposure periods of time. In addition, the PSC2 coating was found to be more protective against corrosion for the surface of the steel than the PSC1 coating. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Corrosion and Electrochemical Behavior of Metals Coating)

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9 pages, 3737 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Ultrasonic Excitation Sealing on the Corrosion Resistance of HVOF-Sprayed Nanostructured WC-CoCr Coatings under Different Corrosive Environments

by Yuquan Zhang, Sheng Hong, Jinran Lin and Yuan Zheng

Coatings 2019, 9(11), 724; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings9110724 - 1 Nov 2019

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 2612

Abstract

The corrosion behavior of unsealed and sealed high-velocity oxygen-fuel (HVOF)-sprayed nanostructured WC-CoCr cermet coatings under different corrosive environments was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), open circuit potential (OCP), potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Ultrasonic excitation sealing with aluminum phosphate was performed in an external ultrasonic bath with the frequency of 40 kHz at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. SEM micrographs revealed that the exposed area of the coating was effectively reduced by the coverage of aluminum phosphate sealant on the majority of pores. Electrochemical measurements demonstrated that the sealant with the help of ultrasonic energy could shift the corrosion potential to a more noble direction, reduce the corrosion current density, increase the resistance of charge transfer, and effectively improve the corrosion resistance of the coating in both 3.5 wt % NaCl and 1 mol·L⁻¹ HCl solutions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Corrosion and Electrochemical Behavior of Metals Coating)

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15 pages, 6271 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Cu and Ni Undercoatings on the Electrochemical Corrosion Behaviour of Cr–C-Coated Steel Samples in 0.1 M H₂SO₄ Solution with 1 g/L NaCl

by Ching An Huang, Shu Wei Yang, Yu Wei Liu and Po Liang Lai

Coatings 2019, 9(9), 531; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings9090531 - 21 Aug 2019

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3138

Abstract

The electrochemical corrosion behaviour of trivalent Cr-C-coated steel samples with Ni and Cu undercoatings was studied in the 0.1 M H₂SO₄ + 1 g/L NaCl solution. The corrosion resistance of Cr–C-coated samples depends strongly on the undercoating material and the polarised anodic potential. With a soft undercoating, the cracks and crack width in the Cr–C coating can be obviously reduced. Different corrosion potentials were measured from Cr–C-coated steel samples with Ni and Cu-undercoatings. Better electrochemical corrosion resistance of a Cr–C/Cu-coated steel sample was detected at 0 V, but it easily corroded at 0.5 V. On the contrary, the Cr–C/Ni-coated steel sample had better electrochemical corrosion resistance at 0.5 V, and poor at 0 V. The through-coating cracks in the Cr–C coating could provide active corrosion paths for dissolution of the Ni or Cu undercoating during potentiostatic tests polarised at 0 and 0.5 V. The reduction behaviour of Cu²⁺ ions dissolved from the Cu undercoating of the heat-hardened Cr–C-coated sample was studied and recognised by means of the immersion test in a solution composed of 200 g/L CuSO₄·5H₂O and 70 g/L H₂SO₄. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Corrosion and Electrochemical Behavior of Metals Coating)

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18 pages, 3639 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Neural Modeling of Laviron Treatment for Coating of Electrodes with Mediator

by Vlad Mureşan, Mihaela-Ligia Ungureşan, Delia Gligor and Codruţa Varodi

Coatings 2019, 9(7), 429; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings9070429 - 6 Jul 2019

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3207

Abstract

In this paper, an original solution for modeling and simulation of the nonlinear electrochemical process associated to the Laviron treatment is proposed. The graphite electrodes were coated with mediator by adsorption. The Laviron treatment was firstly used to determine the efficiency of modified electrodes coatings. The experimental data were obtained using an electrochemical experiment. The mathematical model of the process is expressed using a neural network with complex structure, an aspect which represents a novel approach in this domain. The main advantages of the proposed model are: its accuracy in relation to the experimental data and the fact that its usage permits the numerical simulation of the process, with multiple future applications. Based on the proposed neural model, an original procedure to determine the parameters of the nonlinear Laviron equation is presented. Another interesting element is represented by proving the fact that the value of heterogeneous electron-transfer rate constant k_S is a function depending in the potential scan rate. This aspect is possible due to the original proposed approach of the Laviron treatment as a nonlinear process, on the entire range of input signals, in contrast with the big majority of the studies from the literature which are based on the linearization of this process near particular steady state working points. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Corrosion and Electrochemical Behavior of Metals Coating)

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14 pages, 8409 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Doped PANI Coated Nano-Ag Electrode for Rapid In-Situ Detection of Bromide in Seawater

by Qiujin Wang, Yifan Zhou, Jixue Zhou, Rongrong Wu, Jianbo Wu, Hao Zheng, Ying Ye and Yuanfeng Huang

Coatings 2019, 9(5), 325; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings9050325 - 17 May 2019

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3676

Abstract

In this paper, we successfully fabricated a novel bromide ion selective electrode (Br-ISE), which was coated by bromine ion doped polyaniline as sensitive film. Using Ag wire as the substrate, a uniform and dense nano-silver layer was electroplated to enhance the specific surface area of the electrode. Subsequently, a polyaniline (PANI) film was coated onto the electrode by cyclic voltammetry in a 0.3 M aniline and 1 M HCl solution and was in-situ doped by 0.1 M KBr solution. The morphology and performance of the electrode were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and other electrochemical analysis methods, respectively. The prepared Br-ISE exhibited a wide linear dynamic range between 1.0 × 10⁻¹ and 1.0 × 10⁻⁷ M with a near-Nernst slope of 57.33 mV/decade. In addition, the electrode possessed extremely fast response time (<1 s) and low impedance (300 Ω), high sensitivity, and good selectivity. The electrode potential drifted within 2 mV in 8 h. The lifespan was larger than three months. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Corrosion and Electrochemical Behavior of Metals Coating)

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10 pages, 4062 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Anticorrosion Properties of Zn–Al Composite Coating Prepared by Cold Spraying

by Xinqiang Lu, Shouren Wang, Tianying Xiong, Daosheng Wen, Gaoqi Wang and Hao Du

Coatings 2019, 9(3), 210; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings9030210 - 25 Mar 2019

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3784

Abstract

In order to slow down the corrosion and wear of offshore equipment, the Zn–Al composite coating was prepared on Q345 substrate by cold spray technique. The mass fraction of Zn and Al in the raw material was 2:3. The microstructure of the original coating was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and was characterized by energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). From the composite alloy coating obtained by cold spraying, it was observed that the Zn and Al particles were uniformly distributed without oxidation product, and the powder particles were significantly plastically deformed. The microstructure of the composite coating is very dense and has strong adhesion to the substrate. Neutral salt spray test (NSS) and electrochemical accelerated corrosion test results showed that Zn–Al composite coating can effectively provide corrosion protection. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Corrosion and Electrochemical Behavior of Metals Coating)

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