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Coatings
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Surface Engineering of Biomaterials
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Surface Engineering of Biomaterials

A special issue of Coatings (ISSN 2079-6412).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 October 2018) | Viewed by 29233

Printed Edition Available!
A printed edition of this Special Issue is available here.

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Saber AminYavari

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Interests: surface bio-functionalization; additive manufacturing and prevention of implant failures
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Acceptance or rejection of implanted biomaterials is strongly dependent on an appropriate bio-interface between the biomaterial and its surrounding tissue. Given the fact that most bulk materials only provide mechanical stability for the implant and may not interact with tissues and fluids in vivo, surface modification and engineering of biomaterials plays a significant role towards addressing major clinical issues such as lack of osseointegration and implant associated infections. It has been recently demonstrated that altering surface properties including physiochemical, topographical, and mechanical characteristics as well as bio-functionalities is a promising approach for addressing such unmet clinical needs.

Surface engineering of biomaterials could influence the subsequent tissue and cellular events such as protein adsorption, cellular recolonization, adhesion, proliferation, migration, and the inflammatory response. A proper surface treatment should not only retain the excellent bulk properties, in case of metallic implants, such as favourable mechanical properties, good fatigue strength, formability and machinability, but also improve wear and corrosion resistance properties when necessary. Another surface engineering strategy is based on mimicking the complex cell structure and environment or hierarchical nature of the bone. In this case, the design of nano/micrometer patterns and morphologies with control over their properties has been receving the attention of biomaterial scientists due to the promising results for the relevant biomedical applications.

This Special Issue seeks to highlight original research papers or review articles that report on the current state-of-the-art in surface engineering of biomaterials, particularly implants and biomedical devices. The topics of interest include, but are not limited to:

  • Mechanical methods:
    • Blasting
    • Polishing
  • Chemical and electrochemical methods:
    • Etching
    • Alkali treatment
    • Anodizing
    • Electrophoretic deposition (EPD)
    • Chemical vapor deposition (CVD)
  • Physical methods:
    • Physical vapor deposition (PVD)
    • Sputtering
    • Plasma Ion implantation and deposition
    • Laser or electron beam patterning
    • Atomic layer deposition (ALD)
    • Plasma electrolyte oxidation (PEO)
    • Plasma polymerization

Dr. Saber AminYavari
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Coatings is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 10855 KiB  
Article
Application of Solution Plasma Surface Modification Technology to the Formation of Thin Hydroxyapatite Film on Titanium Implants
by Akashlynn Badruddoza Dithi, Takashi Nezu, Futami Nagano-Takebe, Md Riasat Hasan, Takashi Saito and Kazuhiko Endo
Coatings 2019, 9(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings9010003 - 21 Dec 2018
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3579
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings on titanium implants enhance rapid bone formation around the implant due to their osteoconductive property. The present study aimed to achieve a thin and uniform HA film coating on titanium implants by solution plasma treatment (SPT). Commercially pure titanium and [...] Read more.
Hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings on titanium implants enhance rapid bone formation around the implant due to their osteoconductive property. The present study aimed to achieve a thin and uniform HA film coating on titanium implants by solution plasma treatment (SPT). Commercially pure titanium and porous titanium disks were employed. A pulse plasma generator was used on the disks for 30 min. Morphologic and crystallographic features of the deposited films were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). To evaluate the wettability of the disks, water droplet (20 µL) surfaces were measured using a contact angle analyzer. The initial attachment of osteoblast-like cells (MC3T3E1) on the titanium substrates before and after solution plasma treatment was evaluated by counting the number of attached cells after incubation for 4 h. After immersion in the mineralizing solution for up to seven days, no crystals were observed on the polished-Ti surface. A more uniform and dense precipitation of round and grown crystals with diameters of approximately 1–5 µm was observed on Ti-SPT. XRD clearly showed that the precipitated crystals on titanium disks were HA. The contact angle of the polished-Ti increased with time (θ = 37°–51°). The surface of the Ti-SPT remained hydrophilic (θ ˂ 5°) after up to 30 days of aging. The number of attached cells on the Ti-SPT after aging for 30 days remained above 85% of that on the Ti-SPT without aging. SPT in a mineralizing solution can be used to acquire a homogenous precipitation of HA on porous-surfaced titanium implants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Engineering of Biomaterials)
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12 pages, 2191 KiB  
Article
Effects of sp2/sp3 Ratio and Hydrogen Content on In Vitro Bending and Frictional Performance of DLC-Coated Orthodontic Stainless Steels
by Takeshi Muguruma, Masahiro Iijima, Masahiro Kawaguchi and Itaru Mizoguchi
Coatings 2018, 8(6), 199; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings8060199 - 24 May 2018
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 5638
Abstract
This study investigated a diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating formed on stainless steels (disk and wire specimens) using a plasma-based ion implantation/deposition method with two different parameters (DLC-1, DLC-2). These specimens were characterized using high-resolution elastic recoil analysis, microscale X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and nanoindentation [...] Read more.
This study investigated a diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating formed on stainless steels (disk and wire specimens) using a plasma-based ion implantation/deposition method with two different parameters (DLC-1, DLC-2). These specimens were characterized using high-resolution elastic recoil analysis, microscale X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and nanoindentation testing to determine the hydrogen content, sp2/sp3 ratio and mechanical properties of the coating. Three-point bending and frictional properties were estimated. DLC-1 had a diamond-rich structure at the external surface and a graphite-rich structure at the inner surface, while DLC-2 had a graphite-rich structure at the external surface and a diamond-rich structure at the inner surface. Mean mechanical property values obtained for the external surface were lower than those for the inner surface in both types of DLC-coated specimens. The hydrogen content of DLC-2 was slightly higher versus DLC-1. Both DLC-coated wires produced a significantly higher elastic modulus according to the three-point bending test versus the non-coated wire. DLC-2 produced significantly lower frictional force than the non-coated specimen in the drawing-friction test. The coating of DLC-1 was partially ruptured by the three-point bending and drawing-friction tests. In conclusion, the bending and frictional performance of DLC-coated wire were influenced by the hydrogen content and sp2/sp3 ratio of the coating. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Engineering of Biomaterials)
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4372 KiB  
Article
Effects of Immobilizations of rhBMP-2 and/or rhPDGF-BB on Titanium Implant Surfaces on Osseointegration and Bone Regeneration
by So-Hyoun Lee, Eun-Bin Bae, Sung-Eun Kim, Young-Pil Yun, Hak-Jun Kim, Jae-Won Choi, Jin-Ju Lee and Jung-Bo Huh
Coatings 2018, 8(1), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings8010017 - 31 Dec 2017
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 5918
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of immobilizing rhPDGF-BB plus rhBMP-2 on heparinized-Ti implants on in vivo osseointegration and vertical bone regeneration at alveolar ridges. Successful immobilizations of rhPDGF-BB and/or rhBMP-2 onto heparinized-Ti (Hepa/Ti) were confirmed by in vitro [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of immobilizing rhPDGF-BB plus rhBMP-2 on heparinized-Ti implants on in vivo osseointegration and vertical bone regeneration at alveolar ridges. Successful immobilizations of rhPDGF-BB and/or rhBMP-2 onto heparinized-Ti (Hepa/Ti) were confirmed by in vitro analysis, and both growth factors were found to be sustained release. To evaluate bone regeneration, rhPDGF-BB, and/or rhBMP-2-immobilized Hepa/Ti implants were inserted into beagle dogs; implant stability quotients (ISQ), bone mineral densities, bone volumes, osseointegration, and bone formation were assessed by micro CT and histometrically. In vivo study showed that the osseointegration and bone formation were greater in the rhPDGF-BB/rhBMP-2-immobilized Hepa/Ti group than in the rhPDGF-BB-immobilized Hepa/Ti group. The rhPDGF-BB/rhBMP-2 immobilized Hepa/Ti group also showed better implant stability and greater bone volume around defect areas and intra-thread bone density (ITBD) than the rhBMP-2-immobilized Hepa/Ti group. However, no significant differences were observed between these two groups. Through these results, we conclude rhBMP-2 immobilized, heparin-grafted implants appear to offer a suitable delivery system that enhances new bone formation in defect areas around implants. However, we failed to observe the synergetic effects for the rhBMP-2 and rhPDGF-BB combination. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Engineering of Biomaterials)
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6923 KiB  
Article
Electrophoretic Deposition as a New Bioactive Glass Coating Process for Orthodontic Stainless Steel
by Kyotaro Kawaguchi, Masahiro Iijima, Kazuhiko Endo and Itaru Mizoguchi
Coatings 2017, 7(11), 199; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings7110199 - 13 Nov 2017
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 6844
Abstract
This study investigated the surface modification of orthodontic stainless steel using electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of bioactive glass (BG). The BG coatings were characterized by spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, and X-ray diffraction. The frictional properties were investigated using a [...] Read more.
This study investigated the surface modification of orthodontic stainless steel using electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of bioactive glass (BG). The BG coatings were characterized by spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, and X-ray diffraction. The frictional properties were investigated using a progressive load scratch test. The remineralization ability of the etched dental enamel was studied according to the time-dependent mechanical properties of the enamel using a nano-indentation test. The EPD process using alternating current produced higher values in both reflectance and lightness. Additionally, the BG coating was thinner than that prepared using direct current, and was completely amorphous. All of the BG coatings displayed good interfacial adhesion, and Si and O were the major components. Most BG-coated specimens produced slightly higher frictional forces compared with non-coated specimens. The hardness and elastic modulus of etched enamel specimens immersed with most BG-coated specimens recovered significantly with increasing immersion time compared with the non-coated specimen, and significant acid-neutralization was observed for the BG-coated specimens. The surface modification technique using EPD and BG coating on orthodontic stainless steel may assist the development of new non-cytotoxic orthodontic metallic appliances having satisfactory appearance and remineralization ability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Engineering of Biomaterials)
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2571 KiB  
Article
Aluminum Templates of Different Sizes with Micro-, Nano- and Micro/Nano-Structures for Cell Culture
by Ming-Liang Yen, Hao-Ming Hsiao, Chiung-Fang Huang, Yi Lin, Yung-Kang Shen, Yu-Liang Tsai, Chun-Wei Chang, Hsiu-Ju Yen, Yi-Jung Lu and Yun-Wen Kuo
Coatings 2017, 7(11), 179; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings7110179 - 26 Oct 2017
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 6197
Abstract
This study investigates the results of cell cultures on aluminum (Al) templates with flat-structures, micro-structures, nano-structures and micro/nano-structures. An Al template with flat-structure was obtained by electrolytic polishing; an Al template with micro-structure was obtained by micro-powder blasting; an Al template with nano-structure [...] Read more.
This study investigates the results of cell cultures on aluminum (Al) templates with flat-structures, micro-structures, nano-structures and micro/nano-structures. An Al template with flat-structure was obtained by electrolytic polishing; an Al template with micro-structure was obtained by micro-powder blasting; an Al template with nano-structure was obtained by aluminum anodization; and an Al template with micro/nano-structure was obtained by micro-powder blasting and then anodization. Osteoblast-like cells were cultured on aluminum templates with various structures. The microculture tetrazolium test assay was utilized to assess the adhesion, elongation, and proliferation behaviors of cultured osteoblast-like cells on aluminum templates with flat-structures, micro-structures, nano-structures, and micro/nano-structures. The results showed that the surface characterization of micro/nano-structure of aluminum templates had superhydrophilic property, and these also revealed that an aluminum template with micro/nano-structure could provide the most suitable growth situation for cell culture. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Engineering of Biomaterials)
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