Dentistry Journal

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10 pages, 224 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Relationship Between the Perceived Personality Traits of Dentists, Dental Anxiety, Negative Stories, and Negative Experiences with Dental Treatment: A Cross-Sectional Study

by Martine Eide Furnes, Sondre Lillejord, Vetle Lillejord and Jan-Are K. Johnsen

Dent. J. 2025, 13(4), 162; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13040162 - 10 Apr 2025

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Abstract

Background/Objectives: Negative stories about dentists are prevalent in mass media and in social discourse. This study explores the associations between dental anxiety, negative dental stories, and negative dental experiences, and how these phenomena are related to the perception of dentists’ personality traits. Methods: [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Negative stories about dentists are prevalent in mass media and in social discourse. This study explores the associations between dental anxiety, negative dental stories, and negative dental experiences, and how these phenomena are related to the perception of dentists’ personality traits. Methods: An anonymous electronic survey was distributed among students at UiT The Arctic University of Norway, and 118 students chose to participate in the study. The questionnaire included questions on dental anxiety, negative stories about dental treatment, negative experiences of dental treatment, and ratings of dentists’ personality traits. Results: Almost half of the participants (46%) had at least one negative dental experience, while the majority (80%) of the participants had heard a negative story about the dentist. There were significant differences in the ratings of dentists’ personality traits based on having previous negative dental experiences and based on dental anxiety scores. Participants without negative dental experiences and with low dental anxiety rated the dentist more favorably in terms of personality traits than anxious participants or participants with negative dental experiences. Negative dental treatment experiences (OR 10.35; p < 0.001) and rating dentists as having low extraversion (OR 0.34; p < 0.05) emerged as the most important predictors of high dental anxiety. Conclusions: The interplay between negative stories about the dentist, dental anxiety, and negative dental experiences should be explored further, as well as the impact of the perceived personality traits of dental health professionals. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health)

13 pages, 241 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Prevalence of Oral Anomalies Among Healthy Newborns at a Gynecological Obstetric Hospital in Quito, Ecuador: An Observational, Cross-Sectional Study

by Eleonor Vélez-León, Emilia Guerrero, Mauricio Orlando Carrillo, Marina Cabrera, Gustavo Tello and Patricia Pinos

Dent. J. 2025, 13(4), 158; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13040158 - 2 Apr 2025

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Abstract

Objectives: Early observations often fail to detect anomalies that may impact the health and quality of life of newborns. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of oral anomalies in newborns and explore their possible associations with sociodemographic factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study [...] Read more.

Objectives: Early observations often fail to detect anomalies that may impact the health and quality of life of newborns. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of oral anomalies in newborns and explore their possible associations with sociodemographic factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Quito, Ecuador, analyzing a sample of 241 newborns. The presence of oral anomalies was recorded, and their association with sex, birth weight, maternal age, and gestational factors was evaluated. Results: The prevalence of oral anomalies was 72.3%, with Epstein’s pearls being the most common (50%). Other findings included Bohn’s nodules and dental lamina cysts, while no cases of natal teeth or congenital epulis were observed. Ankyloglossia was identified in 1.36% of newborns. No significant correlations were found between the presence of oral anomalies and sex, birth weight, maternal age, or gestational factors. Conclusions: The high prevalence (72.3%) of oral anomalies in the studied newborns underscores the importance of early detection and management. Epstein’s pearls were the most frequent anomaly, followed by Bohn’s nodules, dental lamina cysts, and ankyloglossia, while no cases of natal teeth or congenital epulis were identified. No statistically significant associations were found with sex, birth weight, maternal age, or pregnancy complications. These findings emphasize the need for early pediatric dental assessment and an interdisciplinary approach to ensure proper neonatal oral health. Further research is recommended to explore potential causes and interventions to optimize oral health from birth. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health)

11 pages, 212 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessment of Oral Health-Related Quality of Life of the United Arab Emirates’ Elderly Population: Observational Prospective Cross-Sectional Study

by Faris El-Dahiyat, Ammar Abdulrahman Jairoun, Obaida Jairoun, Islam Eljilany and Mohammed Alsbou

Dent. J. 2025, 13(3), 123; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13030123 - 11 Mar 2025

Viewed by 468

Abstract

Background/Objectives: The current study aimed to evaluate the oral health self-perception on quality of life in the elderly using the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) to assess the impact of demographic and oral health factors on oral health-related quality of life. Methods: [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: The current study aimed to evaluate the oral health self-perception on quality of life in the elderly using the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) to assess the impact of demographic and oral health factors on oral health-related quality of life. Methods: An observational prospective cross-sectional study for the entire six-month period was conducted in a dental health care center in the United Arab Emirates. The principal inclusion criterion is being aged 60 and over. The GOHAI questionnaire is composed of 4 domains of 12 items that address functional limitation, pain and discomfort, psychological impacts, and behavioral impacts. Patients were questioned about the frequency at which they experience any of the 12 listed problems. Results: A total of 318 respondents participated in the study and completed the whole questionnaire. Among these participants, 63.5% (n = 202) were male and 86.8% (n = 276) were ≤70 years. The average GOHAI score was 13.25, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) [12.4%, 14%], indicating a low self-perception of oral health by the allocated sample. Statistical modeling identified dry mouth (OR = 2.21, 95% CI 1.40–3.48) and chewing problems (OR = 1.87, 95% CI 1.09–3.20) as the strongest determinants of poor oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in the elderly population. Conclusions: Healthcare professionals should develop targeted strategies to address the specific needs of this population, ensuring sustained improvements in their quality of life. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health)

18 pages, 626 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Knowledge and Perceptions of Dentists Regarding E-Cigarettes: Implications for Oral Health and Public Awareness and Education

by Donika B. Shabani, Linda J. Dula, Zana Sllamniku Dalipi, Mirlinda S. Krasniqi and Aida Meto

Dent. J. 2025, 13(3), 119; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13030119 - 10 Mar 2025

Viewed by 819

Abstract

Background/Objectives: The rising popularity of e-cigarette use is creating new challenges for oral healthcare. Factors such as targeted marketing, appealing flavors, and the perception that e-cigarettes are a safer alternative to traditional smoking have contributed to their widespread adoption. This trend is particularly [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: The rising popularity of e-cigarette use is creating new challenges for oral healthcare. Factors such as targeted marketing, appealing flavors, and the perception that e-cigarettes are a safer alternative to traditional smoking have contributed to their widespread adoption. This trend is particularly prevalent among young adults and teenagers, many of whom turn to e-cigarettes despite having no prior history of regular cigarette use. This study aimed to evaluate dentists’ knowledge and perceptions regarding e-cigarettes, focusing on their health effects, regulatory status, and potential risks to oral health. Assessing dentists’ knowledge of e-cigarette risks is important, as they guide patients on the potential oral health dangers of vaping. E-cigarette use has been linked to several oral health problems. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 189 dentists in Kosovo, comprising both general dentists and specialists. The questionnaire assessed participants’ awareness of e-cigarettes’ FDA approval status, their perceptions of health impacts, and their understanding of e-cigarettes’ association with oral conditions such as caries, periodontal disease, and oral cancer. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: The findings revealed significant knowledge gaps, with 74.1% of respondents being uncertain about the FDA approval status of e-cigarettes and 82.0% recognizing their harmful effects on general and oral health. Nearly half (49.7%) of the participants identified e-cigarettes as a potential risk factor for caries, while 66.1% and 64.6% associated their use with oral cancer and periodontal disease, respectively. Gender and professional specialization did not significantly influence these perceptions. Conclusions: Dentists need better education on the risks of e-cigarette use, including their harmful effects on oral health. Incorporating this knowledge into dental curricula and professional training is essential to give dentists the information needed to advise patients effectively. Raising public awareness through dental health professionals can help mitigate the oral health risks associated with e-cigarettes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health)

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13 pages, 544 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Color Change and Color Stability of White Spot Lesions Treated with Resin Infiltration, Microabrasion, or Nano-Hydroxyapatite Remineralization: An In Vitro Study

by Nina Novozhilova, Anastasia Mun, Maria Polyakova, Anna Mikheikina, Alexandr Zaytsev and Ksenia Babina

Dent. J. 2025, 13(3), 112; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13030112 - 3 Mar 2025

Viewed by 1038

Abstract

Background: We compared the camouflage effect of three white spot lesion (WSL) treatments (infiltration, nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAP) remineralization, and microabrasion) and color stability of the treated surfaces. Methods: Fifty sound extracted teeth were used in the study. WSLs were created on 40 [...] Read more.

Background: We compared the camouflage effect of three white spot lesion (WSL) treatments (infiltration, nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAP) remineralization, and microabrasion) and color stability of the treated surfaces. Methods: Fifty sound extracted teeth were used in the study. WSLs were created on 40 buccal dento-enamel specimens through the use of acidic methylcellulose gel. These specimens were randomly assigned to treatment groups (n = 10 per group): negative controls, nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAP), resin infiltration, and microabrasion. After the treatment, all 50 specimens were immersed in coffee for 7 days. Color measurements were performed four times: at baseline (T0), after the demineralization procedure (T1), after the treatments (T2), and after immersion in coffee (T3). Results: No restoration of the initial enamel color was observed in any of the groups. The ICON and MA groups exhibited the highest masking effect, with the mean ΔE_T0-T2 = 7.46, although the differences among the study groups were insignificant. All three treatments increased the resistance of WSLs to discoloration in coffee compared to the negative control group; however, infiltration (∆E_T2-T3 = 4.13) and microabrasion (∆E_T2-T3 = 3.49) showed a better color stability tendency than nHAP remineralization (∆E_T2-T3 = 7.26). Conclusions: Despite its well-known remineralizing and desensitizing effects, nHAP showed the least masking effect for WSLs and lower color stability compared to resin infiltration and microabrasion. However, none of the methods allowed for complete restoration of the original color. After the discoloration procedure, the color changes in the white spots treated with microabrasion and infiltration were comparable to those of the sound enamel. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health)

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13 pages, 686 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Home Efficacy of a Postbiotic-Based Gel Compared with a Gel Without Active Ingredients for the Treatment of Gingival Inflammation in Patients with Down Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Study

by Andrea Scribante, Paolo Appendino, Carolina Maiorani, Paolo Fontanarosa, Maurizio Pascadopoli, Sara Cammisuli, Basmala Azouz, Simone Buttiglieri and Andrea Butera

Dent. J. 2025, 13(2), 62; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13020062 - 30 Jan 2025

Viewed by 929

Abstract

Objectives: The aim of this six-month randomized controlled study was to evaluate the efficacy of a non-surgical periodontal treatment combined with the use of an active gel compared to a non-surgical treatment alone in reducing inflammatory indices in periodontal patients with Down syndrome. [...] Read more.

Objectives: The aim of this six-month randomized controlled study was to evaluate the efficacy of a non-surgical periodontal treatment combined with the use of an active gel compared to a non-surgical treatment alone in reducing inflammatory indices in periodontal patients with Down syndrome. Methods: A total of 40 patients were included in the study, 20 of which were assigned to the active group and 20 to the control group. The active group underwent non-surgical periodontal treatment supplemented by daily home application of an intensive soothing gel containing probiotics. The control group received non-surgical periodontal treatment combined with the application of a gel without active ingredients. The following clinical indices were assessed: Bleeding on Probing (BOP %), Plaque Control Record (PCR %), Mobility (Miller Index), and Modified Marginal Gingival Index (MGI). Measurements were taken at baseline (T0), one month after treatment initiation (T1), after three months (T2), and after six months (T3). The patient compliance was evaluated at each visit, and product satisfaction was assessed through a questionnaire using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Results: By the end of the study, statistically significant improvements were observed in both the groups from T0 to T3 evaluation (p < 0.05). The BOP score was significantly lower in the Trial group at the T3 intergroup evaluation (p < 0.05). Conclusions: A soothing gel with postbiotic and natural compounds was a valuable adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment to improve periodontal health in patients with Down syndrome, reducing BOP after 6 months of treatment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health)

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16 pages, 428 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Psychometric Analysis and Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the Croatian Version of the Oral Health Values Scale (OHVS)

by Katarina Major Poljak, Ivana Barać, Ingrid Kovačević, Karla Rožac, Meri Reili, Robert Lovrić, Željko Mudri, Slavko Čandrlić and Marija Čandrlić

Dent. J. 2025, 13(2), 56; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13020056 - 27 Jan 2025

Viewed by 1274

Abstract

Background/Objectives: A person’s values regarding oral health significantly shape their related behaviors and habits. Therefore, it is essential to systematically study this relationship and create reliable tools to assess perceptions of oral health values, which can inform evidence-based interventions and policy decisions. This [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: A person’s values regarding oral health significantly shape their related behaviors and habits. Therefore, it is essential to systematically study this relationship and create reliable tools to assess perceptions of oral health values, which can inform evidence-based interventions and policy decisions. This study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and validate the “Oral Health Values Scale” (OHVS) for use in the Croatian context. Methods: The process involved two key phases. First, an expert committee oversaw the translation to ensure consistency across all versions and produce a test-ready instrument. To identify any ambiguities in translation and test the instrument’s reliability, a pilot study with 40 participants was conducted. Once the expert committee confirmed content validity, the finalized OHVS was administered to a sample of 702 Croatian adults to evaluate its psychometric properties. Results: Factor analysis revealed a three-factor structure in the Croatian version, differing from the original four-factor model, with items from the “Retaining Natural Teeth” subscale distributed across two factors. Results demonstrated strong internal consistency (Cronbach’s α > 0.78) and test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.976, 95% CI: 0.955–0.987, p < 0.01), confirming the instrument’s reliability. Conclusions: These results confirm the OHVS-CRO as a valid and reliable instrument for assessing oral health values, offering valuable insights into the perspectives of Croatian populations. This validation study provides a foundation for future research, supports culturally tailored interventions, and highlights the potential for the OHVS to inform oral health research and policy development both locally and globally. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health)

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10 pages, 803 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Social Inequalities and Geographical Distribution in Caries Treatment Needs among Schoolchildren Living in Buenos Aires City: A Cross-Sectional Study

by Fiorella Ventura, Maria Rocio Lazzati, Pablo Andres Salgado, Glenda Natalia Rossi, Thomas G. Wolf, Aldo Squassi and Guglielmo Campus

Dent. J. 2024, 12(10), 325; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12100325 - 9 Oct 2024

Viewed by 1093

Abstract

Background: Caries experience in Argentine children is quite high and no national data are present. Aim: This cross-sectional observational survey aimed to assess the oral health status of schoolchildren in Buenos Aires (CABA) using CTNI and to evaluate the ecological association between health [...] Read more.

Background: Caries experience in Argentine children is quite high and no national data are present. Aim: This cross-sectional observational survey aimed to assess the oral health status of schoolchildren in Buenos Aires (CABA) using CTNI and to evaluate the ecological association between health inequalities and caries prevalence. Design: Data were collected, via a clustered procedure, during the 2016–2018 school years. Children were examined at school to determine dental status according to the CTNI performed under standardized conditions, using light, dental mirrors, WHO probes and magnification (2.5×). Secondary sources were used to acquire socio-demographic and epidemiological data. A hierarchical cluster analysis was carried out with the municipalities of the CABA as the dependent variable and the socio-demographic factors. Results: The study population consisted of 62,904 schoolchildren, 43,571 of whom were enrolled into the study. Total caries prevalence was 67.78% while severe caries prevalence was 28.29%, which was statistically associated with the year of the survey (p < 0.01). Four territorial conglomerates from a socio-epidemiological standpoint outline homogeneous areas of social risk; cluster 1 had the highest social risk. The prevalence of severe caries (CTNI 7–14) was highest in cluster 1 (44.7–53.2% of the population). Conclusion: The social inequalities between municipalities of the CABA were statistically associated with high inequalities in oral health needs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health)

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10 pages, 459 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Oral Health Epidemiological Investigation in an Urban Homeless Population

by Roberta Lione, Massimo Ralli, Francesca Chiara De Razza, Giuseppe D’Amato, Andrea Arcangeli, Luigi Carbone and Paola Cozza

Dent. J. 2024, 12(10), 324; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12100324 - 8 Oct 2024

Viewed by 1332

Abstract

The purpose of this clinical epidemiological investigation was to examine the oral health conditions of homeless people in the city of Rome, Italy. A total of 157 homeless subjects were subjected to a first dental visit, during which anamnestic information was recorded in [...] Read more.

The purpose of this clinical epidemiological investigation was to examine the oral health conditions of homeless people in the city of Rome, Italy. A total of 157 homeless subjects were subjected to a first dental visit, during which anamnestic information was recorded in a digital medical record. A diagnosis of dental disorders was performed by assessing oral hygiene conditions, periodontal health, the presence of caries and/or root residues, and the presence of partial and/or total edentulousness. Caries and missing teeth were evaluated by the DMFT index. The first major criticality was represented by poor or absent oral hygiene. The examined sample showed a major percentage of high DMFT (63.0%); the most common clinical condition was the presence of numerous root residues. Regarding periodontal health, 73.2% of patients had gingivitis, 21.6% periodontitis, while 11 patients had periodontal pathologies with tooth mobility (7%). Finally, 8.9% of patients had one or two missing elements, 22.9% had partial edentulousness, and 8.9% of the sample had total edentulism. This analysis provides an important basis for strengthening health promotion and the importance of accessible and effective care for this population. It will therefore be necessary to continue to adopt a patient-centered approach geared towards addressing the demands that this population faces in maintaining their oral health. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health)

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9 pages, 904 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effectiveness of Remineralization with Compound Silver Nanoparticles and Fluoride Varnish in Carious Lesions in Primary Teeth: A Randomized Split-Mouth Clinical Trial

by María Lilia Adriana Juárez-López, Miriam Marín-Miranda, Rosita Palma-Pardínes and Raquel Retana-Ugalde

Dent. J. 2024, 12(10), 318; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12100318 - 30 Sep 2024

Viewed by 1569

Abstract

Background: Anti-cariogenic properties of silver nanoparticles and fluorides have been probed mainly in vitro and with the objetive to evaluate the remineralizing effects of an applied silver nanoparticle compound plus fluoride varnish, a randomized split-mouth clinical trial was conducted in children aged 6 [...] Read more.

Background: Anti-cariogenic properties of silver nanoparticles and fluorides have been probed mainly in vitro and with the objetive to evaluate the remineralizing effects of an applied silver nanoparticle compound plus fluoride varnish, a randomized split-mouth clinical trial was conducted in children aged 6 to 7 years. Methods: The project was approved by the ethics committee of the faculty. Primary molars were randomly distributed into two groups, as follows: Group A was treated with a compound based on silver nanoparticles plus fluoride varnish (SNP-FV), and Group B was treated with a silver diamine fluoride compound (SDF-KI), which is the current standard treatment. Laser fluorescence with a DIAGNOdent pen was used for the evaluation, with follow-up examinations at 15 days, 6 months, and 12 months. ANOVA test was used to compare the groups. The results showed a decrease in demineralization was observed after treatment with SNP-FV; similar results were observed after treatment with SDF-KI. Within each group, there were favorable changes. In the SDF-KI group, the differences in demineralization were 25.63 at 15 days, 29.37 at 6 months, and 30.6 at one year (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, in the SNP-FV group, the decreases were 22.7 at 15 days, 28.78 at 6 months, and 31.11 at one year (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The SNP-FV combined treatment represents an alternative remineralizing treatment for the management of carious lesions in the dentin of primary molars. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health)

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11 pages, 371 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Awareness of Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) and Hypomineralised Second Primary Molars (HSPMs) among Northern Italian Dentists: A Questionnaire Survey

by Elena Bardellini, Giulio Conti, Federica Veneri, Alessandra Majorana and Francesca Amadori

Dent. J. 2024, 12(8), 271; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12080271 - 22 Aug 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1074

Abstract

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the awareness of molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) and hypomineralised second primary molars (HSPMs) among dental practitioners in Northern Italy, and to gather data on the occurrence of these conditions in their paediatric patients. Methods: [...] Read more.

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the awareness of molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) and hypomineralised second primary molars (HSPMs) among dental practitioners in Northern Italy, and to gather data on the occurrence of these conditions in their paediatric patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a structured online questionnaire administered through Google Forms. The survey comprised 10 single-choice questions addressing the occurrence of MIH and HSPM in caries-free patients aged 6–9 years. Results: A total of 315 dentists participated in the survey, yielding a response rate of 31.5%. The majority of respondents reported that 1–25% of their paediatric patients exhibited HSPMs. Among this group, 43.62% of respondents observed MIH in 1–25% of cases. Conclusion: The findings from this survey suggest a consistent perception of MIH and HSPMs among dental practitioners, aligning with known prevalence data and indicating recognition of these conditions within the dental community in Northern Italy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health)

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17 pages, 1152 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Nudge Theory in Improving the Oral Self-Care of Schoolchildren with Refugee and Immigrant Backgrounds in Mashhad, Iran

by Seyed Ahmad Banihashem Rad, Marcella Esteves-Oliveira, Ali Kazemian, Negar Azami, Mehrzad Khorshid, Aylin Sohrabi, Amir Attaran Khorasani and Guglielmo Campus

Dent. J. 2024, 12(7), 228; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12070228 - 19 Jul 2024

Viewed by 2054

Abstract

Nudge theory proposes using subtle interventions to encourage individuals to make better decisions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Nudge theory in plaque control and assess caries experience among third-grade primary schoolchildren with refugee and immigrant backgrounds [...] Read more.

Nudge theory proposes using subtle interventions to encourage individuals to make better decisions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Nudge theory in plaque control and assess caries experience among third-grade primary schoolchildren with refugee and immigrant backgrounds in Mashhad, Iran. Moreover, Afghan and Iranian schoolchildren were compared to assess differences in oral health outcomes. A quasi-experimental field trial was conducted in three public primary schools, comprising 309 participants approximately 9 years old. Interventions were randomly assigned to three schools: School I Messages based on Social Norms (MSN), School II Messages based on Fear of Negative Outcome (MFNO), and School III control group (C). MSN and MFNO received customized motivational video clips at baseline, while C only received Oral hygiene instruction (OHI). All participants received OHI, a brush, and toothpaste. Baseline plaque index (PI) and caries experience in primary and permanent dentition (dmft/DMFT) were recorded. PI was reassessed at two weeks, two months, and six months post-intervention. All data were subjected to statistical analysis. The mean PI decreased significantly in all three groups at the two-week follow-up (p < 0.01). The PI improvements declined over a six-month follow-up period in all groups, and the mean PI difference after six months compared to the pre-intervention was significant only in MSN and MFNO (p < 0.01), while C reverted almost to the pre-study level. Schoolchildren with at least one filled tooth or Iranian nationality showed a greater PI reduction (p < 0.01, p = 0.05). The overall mean ± SD dmft and DMFT were 4.24 ± 2.11 and 1.70 ± 1.24, respectively. Among all the examined participants, 32 (10.40%) individuals were caries-free. The mean dmft was statistically significantly higher in Afghan children than in Iranians (p = 0.01). MSN was more effective on PI reduction in the short term, while MFNO was more long-lasting. Using the Nudge theory via visual aids was more effective in motivating children to perform better oral self-care than solely traditional OHI. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health)

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13 pages, 1152 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Three-Month Probiotic (the Streptococcus salivarius M18 Strain) Supplementation Decreases Gingival Bleeding and Plaque Accumulation: A Randomized Clinical Trial

by Ksenia Babina, Dilara Salikhova, Irina Makeeva, Alexandr Zaytsev, Inna Sokhova, Sevil Musaeva, Maria Polyakova and Nina Novozhilova

Dent. J. 2024, 12(7), 222; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12070222 - 18 Jul 2024

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3111

Abstract

S. salivarius M18 administration has been proven to provide positive effects on periodontal health; however, there is still no consensus on the optimum duration of probiotic administration. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of three months of probiotic supplementation on bleeding on [...] Read more.

S. salivarius M18 administration has been proven to provide positive effects on periodontal health; however, there is still no consensus on the optimum duration of probiotic administration. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of three months of probiotic supplementation on bleeding on probing, signs of gingival inflammation, and dental biofilm. Sixty-two eligible individuals with gingivitis were enrolled in this placebo-controlled, double-blind trial and randomly allocated to the M18 or control groups. Primary outcomes were changes in gingival condition (gingival index, GI; gingival bleeding index, GBI) after 1, 2, and 3 months of lozenges administration and after a one-month washout. Secondary outcomes included changes in the Quigley–Hein plaque index (modified by Turesky et al.) after 1, 2, and 3 months of lozenges administration and after a washout. In total, 60 individuals completed the study (31 and 29 in the M18 group and the control group, respectively). No severe adverse events were reported. Probiotic supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in gingival bleeding at 1 month (effect size 1.09 [CI95%: 0.55–1.63]), 2 months (effect size 0.78 [CI95%: 0.26–1.30]), and 3 months (effect size 0.67 [CI95%: 0.15–1.18]) and a significant reduction in dental plaque accumulation at 2 months (effect size 0.63 [CI95%: 0.12–1.14]) and 3 months (effect size 0.55 [CI95%: 0.03–1.05]). A three-month supplementation with the probiotic resulted in a significant reduction in gingival bleeding and biofilm accumulation; however, a long-lasting effect is not expected, indicating the need for probiotic intake on a long-term basis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health)

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15 pages, 1319 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Investigation of Oral Health in Children from Urban Slums of Nairobi, Kenya

by Gianni Di Giorgio, Simona De Pasquale, Enrico Battaglia, Giulia Zumbo, Cristina Mollica, Rita D’Ecclesia, Antonella Polimeni and Maurizio Bossù

Dent. J. 2024, 12(7), 211; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12070211 - 10 Jul 2024

Viewed by 1577

Abstract

For children living in the urban slums of Nairobi (Kenya), primary health conditions are not guaranteed, and oral diseases add further concern at social and institutional levels beyond the general poverty conditions. This study aims at determining the factors that influence the oral [...] Read more.

For children living in the urban slums of Nairobi (Kenya), primary health conditions are not guaranteed, and oral diseases add further concern at social and institutional levels beyond the general poverty conditions. This study aims at determining the factors that influence the oral health status of children living in Nairobi slums. A cross-sectional study on school-aged subjects was conducted in June 2022 in three urban slum areas of Nairobi through a pediatric dental screening. The PI (Plaque Index), CPITN (Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs), and dmft (decayed, missing, and filled teeth index—deciduous) were considered as primary outcomes of dental health. Multivariate statistical analysis, based on ordinal and zero-inflated negative binomial regression models, was conducted to identify determinants of the oral outcomes in a wide set of potential predictors. A sample of 359 children aged 2–17 was examined. The PI was significantly associated with age, the type of bite, and the use of a toothbrush. The CPITN is influenced by different types of malocclusions, abnormal frenulum, dental trauma, and fluorosis. Dietary habits were found to significantly impact the susceptibility to dental caries. Fluorosis and a dental visit in the last year were highlighted as risk and protective factors, respectively, against higher rates of caries. The oral health features of children living in Nairobi slums are differently affected by socio-demographic conditions, dietary habits, dental characteristics, and oral care practices. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health)

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10 pages, 790 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Factors Influencing Peri-Extraction Anxiety: A Cross-Sectional Study

by Wojciech Niemczyk, Agnieszka Balicz, Karolina Lau, Tadeusz Morawiec and Janusz Kasperczyk

Dent. J. 2024, 12(6), 187; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12060187 - 20 Jun 2024

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1822

Abstract

Background: Fear and anxiety are common psychological responses to unpleasant stimuli, with dental fear being the fourth most prevalent type of fear or phobia. However, not all dental procedures cause the same level of anxiety, with dental surgery and tooth extraction being among [...] Read more.

Background: Fear and anxiety are common psychological responses to unpleasant stimuli, with dental fear being the fourth most prevalent type of fear or phobia. However, not all dental procedures cause the same level of anxiety, with dental surgery and tooth extraction being among the top five most frightening procedures in the field. Tooth extractions are also the most common surgical procedure in dental surgery. It is important to manage anxiety in the dental office by identifying the main factors. Methods: The study was conducted on a group of 250 patients. The survey technique and the Beliefs about Pain Control Questionnaire (BPCQ) were used in the study. Pain and stress intensity on a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) were measured in each patient before and after tooth extraction procedures. Results: Young women and people from small towns had the highest levels of anxiety. The factor causing the highest level of anxiety was fear of complications. Patients undergoing extraction of retained teeth were characterized by higher levels of anxiety. Conclusions: Perioperative stress is strongly dependent on numerous factors. For patient comfort, it may be crucial for dentists to have knowledge about these factors and the ability to utilize them to reduce stress before and after tooth extractions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health)

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16 pages, 1466 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Glycolysis and Automated Plaque Regrowth Method for Evaluation of Antimicrobial Performance

by Robert L. Karlinsey and Tamara R. Karlinsey

Dent. J. 2024, 12(5), 146; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12050146 - 17 May 2024

Viewed by 1756

Abstract

Purpose: This study explored the potential of a new in vitro method in evaluating antiplaque benefits from five sets of antimicrobial systems including cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), stannous fluoride (SnF₂), Listerine essential oil mouthwashes (+/− alcohol), zinc chloride (ZnCl₂), and [...] Read more.

Purpose: This study explored the potential of a new in vitro method in evaluating antiplaque benefits from five sets of antimicrobial systems including cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), stannous fluoride (SnF₂), Listerine essential oil mouthwashes (+/− alcohol), zinc chloride (ZnCl₂), and sodium fluoride. (NaF). Methods: Gingival dental plaque was collected and propagated using sterilized tryptic soy broth and sucrose, and then allocated into separate glycolysis and regrowth recipes for antiplaque evaluations. Glycolysis measurements (in duplicate) were recorded via pH microelectrode on plaque-treatment samples thermomixed (1200 rpm, 37 °C) for 4 h. For plaque regrowth, optical densities (in duplicate) were automatically collected on plaque-treatment samples using a microplate reader (linear shaking, 37 °C) from baseline to 4 h. Results: Calculations of percent change in pH and optical density were performed and analyzed for each set of antimicrobial treatment groups. Statistical analysis (one-way ANOVA, Student–Newman–Keuls stepwise comparison tests) revealed dose responses and significant differences (p < 0.05) among treatment groups, including between negative and clinically relevant positive controls. Conclusions: This lab method produces results consistent with published clinical observations. This glycolysis and plaque growth method is sensitive to antimicrobial mechanisms of action, and may offer a convenient and clinically relevant screening tool in the evaluation of putative antimicrobial agents and formulations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health)

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9 pages, 1887 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Analyzing Oral Health Conditions in Sex Workers—A Comparative Retrospective Clinical and Radiographic Study

by Tahel Oguen-Alon, Leon Bilder, Hadar Zigdon Giladi, Zvi Gutmacher and Yaniv Mayer

Dent. J. 2024, 12(4), 110; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12040110 - 17 Apr 2024

Viewed by 2162

Abstract

This study highlights the oral health condition of female sex workers (SWs), who face increased risks associated with habits such as excessive alcohol and tobacco use. These behaviors heighten the likelihood of issues like oral cancer and dental diseases, underscoring the need for [...] Read more.

This study highlights the oral health condition of female sex workers (SWs), who face increased risks associated with habits such as excessive alcohol and tobacco use. These behaviors heighten the likelihood of issues like oral cancer and dental diseases, underscoring the need for targeted health interventions. The study examines the oral health disparities between SWs and the general population (GP). A retrospective study analyzed the health records of 40 SWs and 40 controls matched by age and gender who were examined between 1 January 2020 and 30 May 2023. Intra-oral and panoramic radiographs, alongside clinical examination, were used to evaluate missing teeth, periodontal bone support, and caries. T-tests and chi-square tests were used to compare dental health indicators. A comparative analysis of these 80 patients revealed significant disparities: SWs had a higher incidence of missing teeth (5.8 ± 7.3 vs. 0.7 ± 1.4, p < 0.01) and caries (6.1 ± 6.2 vs. 0.8 ± 1.2, p < 0.05) compared to the GP. The DMFT (Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth) index was notably higher in SWs (16.1 ± 8.09) than in the GP (7.95 ± 5.48, p < 0.001). Additionally, 12% of SWs used removable dentures, unlike the GP. This study underscores significant oral health challenges in SWs, emphasizing the need for targeted healthcare strategies to improve their health conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health)

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10 pages, 1431 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dental Health Benefits of Swimming in Chlorinated Water

by Barbara Sophie Gaugeler, Jan Gerrit van der Stouwe, Christian Templin, Christian M. Schmied, Martin Lanzer and David Niederseer

Dent. J. 2024, 12(4), 87; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12040087 - 31 Mar 2024

Viewed by 2325

Abstract

Poor oral health is an important concern for athletes, as it can affect both general health and athletic performance. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of activity in chlorinated water on oral health in elite swimmers compared to non-swimming [...] Read more.

Poor oral health is an important concern for athletes, as it can affect both general health and athletic performance. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of activity in chlorinated water on oral health in elite swimmers compared to non-swimming athletes. This cross-sectional study included 101 swimmers and 100 other athletes aged 13–26 years with a minimum training intensity of five hours per week (for at least the preceding two years). Oral health was assessed using the approximal plaque index (API) and the decayed/missing/filled teeth (DMFT) index. A DIAGNOcam was used to detect caries. Results show that swimmers were younger (15 years vs. 18 years), were more likely to be female (54% vs. 17%), and had a lower body mass index (20.1 kg/m² vs. 21.9 kg/m²) and a lower juice consumption (9% vs. 24%). Non-swimmers had significantly more decayed, missing, or filled teeth due to caries and plaque. In conclusion, by comparing elite swimmers and athletes competing in different sports, we have shown that competitive swimmers have a lower incidence of dental caries and plaque. Further research is needed to test our findings and to understand this relationship in greater detail. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health)

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13 pages, 599 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Patient Satisfaction with the Quality of Oral Rehabilitation Dental Services: A Comparison between the Public and Private Health System

by Cosmin Ionuț Lixandru, Ionela Maniu, Maria Mihaela Cernușcă-Mițariu, Mihai Iulian Făgețan, Ioan Sebastian Cernușcă-Mițariu, Horațiu Paul Domnariu, Magdalena Lixandru and Carmen Daniela Domnariu

Dent. J. 2024, 12(3), 45; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12030045 - 21 Feb 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3219

Abstract

Measuring satisfaction can help us understand patients’ expectations and adopt individualized treatment according to their expectations. In the current study, we applied the DPQ (Dental Practice Questionnaire) to analyze the degree of patient satisfaction regarding medical services in the public and private sector [...] Read more.

Measuring satisfaction can help us understand patients’ expectations and adopt individualized treatment according to their expectations. In the current study, we applied the DPQ (Dental Practice Questionnaire) to analyze the degree of patient satisfaction regarding medical services in the public and private sector in a Romanian city from the central region. A group of 200 patients, 100 patients from the public sector and 100 patients from the private sector, participated in the survey. The results showed significant differences in response when patients were stratified by age, gender, visit frequency and length of time attending the same practice. Significant differences between public and private practices were encountered. Moreover, the degree of patient satisfaction was found to be related to appointment promptness/length of time and the confidentiality/ability to listen/knowledge/respect shown by the dentist, while patients’ recommendations to others were influenced by dentists’ explanations and warmth, followed by the appointment system and confidentiality. Patient satisfaction with oral rehabilitation dental services plays an essential role in maintaining patients’ addressability, but there is a multitude of factors that can influence patients’ opinions. Further analysis of the evolution of the influencing factors (causing satisfaction or dissatisfaction), in time, could provide deeper insights into the links between patient satisfaction and these factors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health)

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10 pages, 674 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Is Dental Anxiety Associated with Oral Health-Related Quality of Life? Assessment of Statistical Significance and Clinical Meaningfulness in a Sample of Russian Medical and Dental Students

by Christine Nordbø Heyeraas, Silje Nyborg Jensen, Vilde Bjørkli Stabell, Jan-Are K. Johnsen and Sergei N. Drachev

Dent. J. 2023, 11(11), 260; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11110260 - 7 Nov 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2222

Abstract

Information about oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and dental anxiety (DA) in Russian young adults is scarce. We investigated how DA is associated with OHRQoL in a group of medical and dental students in North-West Russia. The study had a cross-sectional design [...] Read more.

Information about oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and dental anxiety (DA) in Russian young adults is scarce. We investigated how DA is associated with OHRQoL in a group of medical and dental students in North-West Russia. The study had a cross-sectional design and included 807 students aged 18–25 years who attended the Northern State Medical University in Arkhangelsk. OHRQoL and DA were measured by the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) and Corah’s Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS), respectively. A questionnaire collected information on socio-demographics and self-reported oral health (OH) characteristics. A dental examination was executed to assess dental caries and oral hygiene. We observed differences in the OHIP-14 scores between dentally anxious and non-anxious students: unadjusted incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.65, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.29–2.12; after adjustment for socio-demographics and clinically assessed OH: IRR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.23–2.02; after adjustment for socio-demographics, clinically assessed OH, and self-reported OH characteristics: IRR = 1.27, 95% CI: 0.99–1.63. The differences between estimated marginal means for the DAS categories in the models were 2.92, 2.51, and 1.24, respectively. Minimal clinically important differences of OHIP-14 fell between 1.68 and 2.51. We found a negative statistical association between DA and OHRQoL in our study sample, but after adjustment for potential confounders, the association lost its clinical importance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health)

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16 pages, 315 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Factors Influencing Patient Satisfaction and Loyalty as Perceived by Dentists and Their Patients

by Réka Magdolna Szabó, Norbert Buzás, Gábor Braunitzer, Michele Goldzieher Shedlin and Mark Ádám Antal

Dent. J. 2023, 11(9), 203; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11090203 - 28 Aug 2023

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 4947

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to identify the key aspects of patients’ dental care experience that influenced their self-perceived satisfaction and loyalty. Also examined was the agreement between patients and dentists regarding these factors. Methods: Questionnaires were administered to 1121 patients and 77 dentists, [...] Read more.

Objective: This study aimed to identify the key aspects of patients’ dental care experience that influenced their self-perceived satisfaction and loyalty. Also examined was the agreement between patients and dentists regarding these factors. Methods: Questionnaires were administered to 1121 patients and 77 dentists, focusing on demographic information and 15 selected items related to the patients’ last dental visit. Descriptive and linear regression analyses were conducted. Results: The study included participants from 41 practices. Factors significantly influencing satisfaction and loyalty included location convenience, treatment quality, trust in dentists’ decisions, visit frequency satisfaction, clear treatment explanations, dentist’s interest in symptoms, patient-dental personnel attachment, and dentist’s knowledge of the patient and their medical records. While overall agreement between patients and dentists was high, some areas exhibited notable disagreement. Conclusions: The findings mostly align with existing literature, underscoring the importance of communication, trust, and a personal patient-dentist relationship in promoting satisfaction and loyalty. However, they also show that local, generally not reported factors might be at play, which necessitates dentists’ awareness and consideration of the local context for optimal outcomes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health)

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9 pages, 2011 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Regenerative and Protective Effects on Dental Tissues of a Fluoride–Silicon-Rich Toothpaste Associated with a Calcium Booster: An In Vitro Study

by Fabiano Vieira Vilhena, Simone dos Santos Grecco, Alejandra Hortencia Miranda González and Paulo Henrique Perlatti D’Alpino

Dent. J. 2023, 11(6), 153; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11060153 - 14 Jun 2023

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2693

Abstract

Calcium boosters have been used as a supplement for fluoride toothpastes to repair the dental tissues and reduce dentin permeability. This in vitro study aimed to characterize the regenerative and protective effects of the treatment of dental tissues with a fluoride–silicon-rich toothpaste associated [...] Read more.

Calcium boosters have been used as a supplement for fluoride toothpastes to repair the dental tissues and reduce dentin permeability. This in vitro study aimed to characterize the regenerative and protective effects of the treatment of dental tissues with a fluoride–silicon-rich toothpaste associated with a calcium booster. Bovine enamel and dentin blocks (n = 5) were obtained (4 × 4 × 6 mm). A fluoride–silicon-rich toothpaste and a calcium booster were used to brush the enamel and dentin both immediately and five days afterwards. The outcomes were then compared to those of the untreated control group. After that, the specimens were cross-sectioned. SEM was used to evaluate the micromorphology of the surface and cross-section. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) was used to determine the elemental analyses (weight%). After treatment for 5 days with a booster/silicon-rich toothpaste, EDS analysis demonstrated that it induced a significant mineral change. It was also able to form a protective silicon-enriched mineral layer on both enamel and dentin surfaces. It was demonstrated in vitro that a fluoride–silicon-rich toothpaste associated with a calcium booster regenerates the dental tissues, remineralizing the enamel structure and occluding the dentin tubules. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health)

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11 pages, 835 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of a Bioactive Restorative Material Versus a Glass-Ionomer Cement on Streptococcus Mutans: In-Vitro Study

by Giulio Conti, Federica Veneri, Francesca Amadori, Alba Garzoni, Alessandra Majorana and Elena Bardellini

Dent. J. 2023, 11(6), 149; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11060149 - 8 Jun 2023

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3202

Abstract

Background: Dental caries management consists of both preventive and restorative approaches. Pediatric dentists can rely on many techniques and materials to restore decayed teeth, but a high failure rate is still observed, mainly due to secondary caries. New restorative bioactive materials combine the [...] Read more.

Background: Dental caries management consists of both preventive and restorative approaches. Pediatric dentists can rely on many techniques and materials to restore decayed teeth, but a high failure rate is still observed, mainly due to secondary caries. New restorative bioactive materials combine the mechanical and aesthetic characteristics of resinous materials with the capability to remineralize and the antimicrobial properties of glass ionomers, thus counteracting the occurrence of secondary caries. The aim of this study was to assess the antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans of a bioactive restorative material (ACTIVA™ BioActive-Restorative™-Pulpdent©) and a glass ionomer cement with silver particles added (Ketac™ Silver—3M©), using agar diffusion assay. Methods: Each material was formed into disks of 4 mm in diameter, and four discs of each material were placed on nine agar plates. The analysis was repeated seven times. Results: Both materials showed statistically significant growth inhibition properties against S. mutans (p < 0.05). The difference in the effectiveness of the two materials was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Both ACTIVA™ and Ketac™ Silver can be recommended since both are similarly effective against S. mutans. However ACTIVA™, given its bioactivity and better aesthetics and mechanical properties compared to GICs, may provide better clinical performance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health)

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14 pages, 714 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Antigingivitis, Desensitizing, and Antiplaque Effects of Alkaline Toothpastes: A Randomized Clinical Trial

by Nina Novozhilova, Elena Andreeva, Maria Polyakova, Irina Makeeva, Inna Sokhova, Vladlena Doroshina, Alexandr Zaytsev and Ksenia Babina

Dent. J. 2023, 11(4), 96; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11040096 - 4 Apr 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3812

Abstract

Gingivitis is a widespread disease commonly associated with dentin hypersensitivity, that, in turn, may complicate routine dental care, leading to plaque accumulation. We aimed to assess the antigingivitis, desensitizing, and antiplaque effects of a fluoride-containing (TWF) alkaline toothpaste and a fluoride-free (TW) alkaline [...] Read more.

Gingivitis is a widespread disease commonly associated with dentin hypersensitivity, that, in turn, may complicate routine dental care, leading to plaque accumulation. We aimed to assess the antigingivitis, desensitizing, and antiplaque effects of a fluoride-containing (TWF) alkaline toothpaste and a fluoride-free (TW) alkaline toothpaste. Eighty-four consenting patients aged 20–25 years with diagnosed gingivitis and dentin hypersensitivity (DH) were recruited in this double-blind, parallel-group study and randomly divided into two groups (each n = 42). Eighty-two patients completed the entire study protocol. The outcomes were assessed after 4 weeks of intervention. A significant improvement in gingival condition was found according to the modified gingival index, with effect sizes of 0.99 [CI95%: 0.52–1.46] and 1.71 [CI95%: 1.18–2.24], and the gingival bleeding index, with effect sizes of 3.17 [CI95%: 2.39–3.94] and 2.64 [CI95%: 1.96–3.32] in the TW and TWF groups, respectively. DH also decreased in both groups, with a significantly greater reduction in the TWF group (effect sizes of 3.28 [CI95%: 2.51–4.04] and 3.10 [CI95%: 2.40–3.80] according to the visual analog scale and Schiff scale, respectively). No side effects were registered. In conclusion, the use of alkaline toothpaste provided a significant reduction in gingival inflammation and bleeding, DH, and oral hygiene after 4 weeks of daily use in young adults. Trial Registration: NCT0562376. Funding: none. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health)

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16 pages, 1899 KiB

Open AccessArticle

In Vitro Evaluation of Tooth-Whitening Potential of Peroxide-Free OTC Dental Bleaching Agents

by Marlene Grillon, Enrico Di Bella, Ivo Krejci and Stefano Ardu

Dent. J. 2023, 11(4), 89; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11040089 - 27 Mar 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4512

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate and compare the tooth-whitening potential of five over-the-counter (OTC), peroxide-free dental bleaching methods as well as an experimental tooth-whitening solution containing 0.1% hydrogen peroxide complexed with doping agents with a gold standard (positive control) containing 16% carbamide peroxide. Material [...] Read more.

Purpose: To evaluate and compare the tooth-whitening potential of five over-the-counter (OTC), peroxide-free dental bleaching methods as well as an experimental tooth-whitening solution containing 0.1% hydrogen peroxide complexed with doping agents with a gold standard (positive control) containing 16% carbamide peroxide. Material and Methods: Eighty permanent bovine incisor teeth were randomly allocated to eight different groups. Two teeth from each group were immerged into five staining solutions represented by coffee, tea, red wine, and curry mixed in warm oil or distilled water (control group) and stored at 37 °C for 28 days in an incubator. The teeth were then reallocated to the eight groups, resulting in ten samples per group, and each group was matched with a bleaching product. The bleaching procedures were executed following the manufacturer’s recommendations. The color of each sample was assessed over a white and black background using a quantitative numerical measurement approach with a calibrated spectrophotometer. Spectrophotometric measurements were performed after exposing the teeth to the bleaching agent for 60 min (T2), 100 min (T3), and 200 min (T4), and ΔE00 was calculated. Results: When analyzed over a white background, the mean ΔE00 values ranged from 2.14 (placebo) to 6.32 (Opalescence PF). When analyzed over a black background, the mean ΔE00 values ranged from 2.31 (placebo) to 5.78 (Opalescence PF). Statistically significant ΔE00 color changes over time for the eight groups and five staining solutions at T1 and T4 were assessed for both backgrounds using repeated ANOVA followed by Fisher’s LSD post hoc test (p-value < 0.01). Conclusions: All tested over-the-counter whitening kits except one exhibited positive color variation. However, the individual performance differed vastly from one brand to the other, and the overall performance was less effective compared to the conventional carbamide-peroxide-based positive control. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health)

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12 pages, 788 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Vaccine Acceptance, Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Regarding the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-Sectional Study among Dentists in Trinidad and Tobago

by Reisha Rafeek, Bidyadhar Sa and William Smith

Dent. J. 2023, 11(3), 86; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11030086 - 20 Mar 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2223

Abstract

Background: This study’s aim was to assess Trinidad and Tobago dentists’ vaccine acceptance, knowledge, attitude and practices regarding the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: All dentists registered with the Trinidad and Tobago Dental Association were invited to complete an online anonymous questionnaire between June and [...] Read more.

Background: This study’s aim was to assess Trinidad and Tobago dentists’ vaccine acceptance, knowledge, attitude and practices regarding the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: All dentists registered with the Trinidad and Tobago Dental Association were invited to complete an online anonymous questionnaire between June and October 2021. Results: A total of 46.2% of dentists responded. The majority of respondents had excellent knowledge of COVID-19 (94.8%), use of personal protective equipment (98.7%) and N95 masks (93.5%), but had poor knowledge about the reuse of N95 masks (27.5%). A total of 34.9% were comfortable providing emergency care to positive or suspected cases of COVID-19, and 64.5% were afraid of becoming infected from a patient. PPE usage was reported at 97.4% and 67.3% for N95 masks. All surfaces of waiting areas were disinfected every 2 h by 59.2%. A total of 90.8% agreed to be vaccinated straight away if a vaccine were made available. Conclusion: Dentists in Trinidad and Tobago have good levels of knowledge, attitude, practices regarding COVID-19. Dentists also have high levels of vaccine acceptance and can play a role in advocating for the COVID-19 vaccine. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health)

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11 pages, 520 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of the Efficacy of Low-Particle-Size Toothpastes against Extrinsic Pigmentations: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

by Andrea Butera, Maurizio Pascadopoli, Simone Gallo, Alessia Pardo, Giulia Stablum, Marco Lelli, Anna Pandolfi and Andrea Scribante

Dent. J. 2023, 11(3), 82; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11030082 - 16 Mar 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3218

Abstract

Stain-removing domiciliary protocols are focused on the elimination of dental extrinsic pigmentations by the application of abrasive toothpastes, extensively available in commerce. The goal of the present study is to evaluate the efficacy of two different stain removal molecule-formulated toothpastes by the reduction [...] Read more.

Stain-removing domiciliary protocols are focused on the elimination of dental extrinsic pigmentations by the application of abrasive toothpastes, extensively available in commerce. The goal of the present study is to evaluate the efficacy of two different stain removal molecule-formulated toothpastes by the reduction of clinical parameters: the micro-cleaning crystals and activated charcoal. A total of 40 participants with extrinsic dental pigmentations were enrolled and divided into two groups: a Control group, assigned to a toothpaste with micro-cleaning crystals (Colgate Sensation White); and a Trial group, with microparticle-activated charcoal toothpaste (Coswell Blanx Black). At T0 (baseline), T1 (10 days), T2 (1 month), and T3 (3 months), clinical parameters, including Lobene stain index calculated for intensity and extension, plaque control record, and bleeding on probing, were measured. Statistically significant differences were found in both groups (p < 0.05): a reduction of extrinsic pigmentation, both in intensity and extension, was obtained in the Control group, but their total elimination could be achieved only in the Trial group with the activated charcoal molecule, though without significant difference between the groups (p > 0.05). No intergroup differences were found for each timeframe for PCR, BoP, LSI-I, and LSI-E. Both tested toothpastes can be recommended for domiciliary oral hygiene of patients with extrinsic pigmentations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health)

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11 pages, 730 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Distribution of Dental Fluorosis in the Southern Zone of Ecuador: An Epidemiological Study

by Eleonor María Vélez-León, Alberto Albaladejo-Martínez, Paulina Ortíz-Ortega, Katherine Cuenca-León, Ana Armas-Vega and María Melo

Dent. J. 2023, 11(3), 71; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11030071 - 3 Mar 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3418

Abstract

In recent decades, the increase in fluoride exposure has raised the numbers of dental fluorosis in fluoridated and non-fluoridated communities In Ecuador, but the last national epidemiological study on DF was conducted more than a decade ago. The objective of this cross-sectional descriptive [...] Read more.

In recent decades, the increase in fluoride exposure has raised the numbers of dental fluorosis in fluoridated and non-fluoridated communities In Ecuador, but the last national epidemiological study on DF was conducted more than a decade ago. The objective of this cross-sectional descriptive study was to determine the prevalence, distribution and severity of dental fluorosis (DF) using the Dean index in 1606 schoolchildren aged 6 to 12 years from urban and rural environments in provinces that make up the Southern Region of Ecuador. Participants met the inclusion criteria which were age, locality, informed consent document and no legal impediment. The results are presented using percentage frequency measures and chi-square associations. The prevalence of dental fluorosis was 50.1% in the areas of Azuay, Cañar and Morona Santiago, with no significant differences (x² = 5.83, p = 0.054). The types of DF found most frequently were very mild and mild in all provinces; a moderate degree was more prevalent in Cañar (17%). There was no significant association (p > 0.05) between sex and the presence of dental fluorosis and, with respect to severity, the most frequent degree was moderate at the age of 12 years. The prevalence of dental fluorosis in the area evaluated is high, especially in the light and very light degrees, with a tendency toward moderate levels. It is necessary to carry out studies on the factors that are predisposing to the development of this pathology in the population studied. This research is an update regarding this pathology in Ecuador, so it is concluded that it is necessary to continue developing studies based on the findings obtained, thus contributing to the public health of the country. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health)

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11 pages, 279 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Delay of Dental Care: An Exploratory Study of Procrastination, Dental Attendance, and Self-Reported Oral Health

by Lene M. Steinvik, Frode Svartdal and Jan-Are K. Johnsen

Dent. J. 2023, 11(2), 56; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11020056 - 20 Feb 2023

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 4790

Abstract

Delay of dental care is a problem for dental public health. The present study explored the relationship between procrastination and dental attendance, focusing on delay in seeking dental care. This hypothetical relation was compared to other avoidance-related factors affecting dental attendance. In addition, [...] Read more.

Delay of dental care is a problem for dental public health. The present study explored the relationship between procrastination and dental attendance, focusing on delay in seeking dental care. This hypothetical relation was compared to other avoidance-related factors affecting dental attendance. In addition, an inquiry into the reasons for delaying dental care was conducted. Students (n = 164) answered an internet-based questionnaire on socio-demographic factors, dental health, dental attendance, delay of dental care, reasons for the delay, procrastination (IPS), dental anxiety (MDAS), perceived stress (PSS) and oral health self-efficacy (OHSES). The study found no significant relation between procrastination and delay in dental care. However, procrastination was related differently to past, present, and future dental attendance and seemed to relate to oral health behavior. Delay of dental care was associated with higher dental anxiety and lower oral health self-efficacy. The cost of dental care was the most frequently given reason for the delay of dental care. Further research on the delay of dental care and dental attendance is warranted in understanding the behavior, implementing interventions, and improving the utilization of public dental care. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health)

19 pages, 1055 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

The Impact of Dental Care Programs on Individuals and Their Families: A Scoping Review

by Abdulrahman Ghoneim, Violet D’Souza, Arezoo Ebnahmady, Kamini Kaura Parbhakar, Helen He, Madeline Gerbig, Audrey Laporte, Rebecca Hancock Howard, Noha Gomaa, Carlos Quiñonez and Sonica Singhal

Dent. J. 2023, 11(2), 33; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11020033 - 30 Jan 2023

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 6446

Abstract

Background: Despite significant global improvements in oral health, inequities persist. Targeted dental care programs are perceived as a viable approach to both improving oral health and to address inequities. However, the impacts of dental care programs on individual and family oral health outcomes [...] Read more.

Background: Despite significant global improvements in oral health, inequities persist. Targeted dental care programs are perceived as a viable approach to both improving oral health and to address inequities. However, the impacts of dental care programs on individual and family oral health outcomes remain unclear. Objectives: The purpose of this scoping review is to map the evidence on impacts of existing dental programs, specifically on individual and family level outcomes. Methods: We systematically searched four scientific databases, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Sociological Abstracts for studies published in the English language between December 1999 and November 2021. Search terms were kept broad to capture a range of programs. Four reviewers (AG, VD, AE, and KKP) independently screened the abstracts and reviewed full-text articles and extracted the data. Cohen’s kappa inter-rater reliability score was 0.875, indicating excellent agreement between the reviewers. Data were summarized according to the PRISMA statement. Results: The search yielded 65,887 studies, of which 76 were included in the data synthesis. All but one study assessed various individual-level outcomes (n = 75) and only five investigated family outcomes. The most common program interventions are diagnostic and preventive (n = 35, 46%) care, targeted children (n = 42, 55%), and delivered in school-based settings (n = 28, 37%). The majority of studies (n = 43, 57%) reported a significant improvement in one or more of their reported outcomes; the most assessed outcome was change in dental decay (n = 35). Conclusions: Dental care programs demonstrated effectiveness in addressing individual oral health outcomes. However, evidence to show the impact on family-related outcomes remains limited and requires attention in future research. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health)

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10 pages, 633 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Role of Patient’s Ethnicity in Seeking Preventive Dental Services at the Community Health Centers of South-Central Texas: A Cross-Sectional Study

by Girish Suresh Shelke, Rochisha Singh Marwaha, Pankil Shah and Suman Challa

Dent. J. 2023, 11(2), 32; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11020032 - 28 Jan 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2056

Abstract

Background: This study was conducted to determine the impact of a patient’s ethnicity on seeking preventive dental services at the Community Health Centers (CHCs) in South-Central Texas. Methods: Primary electronic health records (EHR) data were collected regarding each patient’s medical and dental history, [...] Read more.

Background: This study was conducted to determine the impact of a patient’s ethnicity on seeking preventive dental services at the Community Health Centers (CHCs) in South-Central Texas. Methods: Primary electronic health records (EHR) data were collected regarding each patient’s medical and dental history, and comprehensive treatment planning. The researchers retrieved EHR from January 2016 to 2022. Bivariate analysis was completed to test the outcome with the predictor variable and covariates using the appropriate statistical tests. A multiple linear regression model was used to understand the association between the predictor and outcome variable while controlling for confounders. Results: The study findings revealed significantly higher dental visits (2.26 ± 2.88) for Hispanic patients. The results from the multiple regression model indicated that non-Hispanic patients had a smaller chance of visiting CHC for preventive dental services, by eight percent, compared to the Hispanic population (p-value < 0.001) when all other variables were held constant. However, the study results were not significant, as the effect size was too small to conclude the effect of ethnicity on the patients visiting the dental clinic at the CHC for preventive services. Conclusion: The study concluded that there is no difference in the preventive dental services completed by Hispanics and non-Hispanics when all other variables are controlled. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health)

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10 pages, 520 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Time-to-Treatment of Oral Cancer and Potentially Malignant Oral Disorders: Findings in Malaysian Public Healthcare

by Sivaraj Raman, Asrul Akmal Shafie, Mannil Thomas Abraham, Shim Chen Kiong, Thaddius Herman Maling, Senthilmani Rajendran and Sok Ching Cheong

Dent. J. 2022, 10(11), 199; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj10110199 - 24 Oct 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 29978

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the time-to-treatment of oral cancer and potentially malignant oral disorders (PMOD) in a Malaysian public healthcare setting while exploring its contributing factors. It consists of (1) a cross-sectional patient survey to quantify time to seek care and barriers [...] Read more.

This study aims to evaluate the time-to-treatment of oral cancer and potentially malignant oral disorders (PMOD) in a Malaysian public healthcare setting while exploring its contributing factors. It consists of (1) a cross-sectional patient survey to quantify time to seek care and barriers faced, and (2) a retrospective medical record abstraction to determine treatment and management intervals. Time intervals were aggregated and analyzed by their primary contributor—patient, professional, or healthcare system. The average total time-to-treatment of the 104 patients investigated was 167 days (SD = 158). This was predominantly contributed by the patient interval of 120 days (SD = 152). In total, 67.0% of patients delayed their visit to primary healthcare centers because they assumed the lesions were not dangerous or of concern. Additionally, there was a significant difference between patients ‘facing’ and ‘not facing’ difficulties to seek care, at 157 vs. 103 days (p = 0.028). System and professional delays were comparably shorter, at 33 days (SD = 20) and 10 days (SD = 15) respectively. Both demonstrated a significant difference between oral cancer and PMOD, at 43 vs. 29 days (p < 0.001) and 5 vs. 17 days (p < 0.001). The findings reiterate the need to reform current initiatives to better promote early lesion recognition by patients and implement strategies for the elimination of their access barriers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health)

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10 pages, 577 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Caries Experience and Treatment Needs in Urban and Rural Environments in School-Age Children from Three Provinces of Ecuador: A Cross-Sectional Study

by Eleonor María Vélez-León, Alberto Albaladejo-Martínez, Katherine Cuenca-León, Liliana Encalada-Verdugo, Ana Armas-Vega and María Melo

Dent. J. 2022, 10(10), 185; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj10100185 - 1 Oct 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4468

Abstract

In Ecuador, national epidemiological surveys have not been updated; however, some regional studies in the northern areas of the country still report a high prevalence of dental caries. The aim of this study was to determine the experience, severity, and need for treatment [...] Read more.

In Ecuador, national epidemiological surveys have not been updated; however, some regional studies in the northern areas of the country still report a high prevalence of dental caries. The aim of this study was to determine the experience, severity, and need for treatment of dental caries in school children aged 6 to 12 years in urban and rural settings in three provinces of southern Ecuador. This cross-sectional, relational study examined 1938 schoolchildren in the provinces of Azuay, Cañar, and Morona Santiago. The survey instruments were based mainly on the WHO manual Methods of Oral Health Surveys (dmft) for primary and permanent dentition (DMFT), as well as the prevalence, severity, and Significant Caries Index (SCI). The parametric Student’s t-test was used to compare two groups, and the Spearman’s Rho and Tau-c Kendall correlation coefficients were used to associate the categorical variables. Results: The prevalence of caries in the primary dentition was 78% and 89.2% in the permanent dentition. The dmft (M = 4.12, SD = 2.86) and DMFT (M = 3.62: SD = 3.07) placed the general group in a moderate caries index. The need for treatment was 90.68% in the primary dentition, while it was 87.99% in the permanent dentition. Caries severity in both dentitions was high (M = 7.74; SD = 3.42). Conclusions. Alarming indicators of caries experience and the need for treatment were observed in the population studied. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health)

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Review

Jump to: Research, Other

14 pages, 310 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Impact of E-Cigarettes on Oral Health—A Narrative Review

by Dominika Cichońska, Aida Kusiak and Maciej L. Goniewicz

Dent. J. 2024, 12(12), 404; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12120404 - 10 Dec 2024

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3214

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are commonly used by former smokers as an alternative product to conventional cigarettes and also by young adults and adolescents to deliver nicotine. E-cigarettes are thought to be a less harmful and more socially acceptable alternative to tobacco [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are commonly used by former smokers as an alternative product to conventional cigarettes and also by young adults and adolescents to deliver nicotine. E-cigarettes are thought to be a less harmful and more socially acceptable alternative to tobacco smoking; however, their long-term effects on health, including oral health, are currently unknown. Methods: A literature search for relevant papers indexed in the literature from 2016 to 2023 was conducted using the PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. In our paper, we included clinical trials and both in vivo and in vitro research concerning the impact of e-cigarettes on oral health. Results: E-cigarettes impact the oral cavity, which is directly exposed to inhaled chemicals present in e-cigarette aerosols. The use of e-cigarettes has been linked to teeth discoloration and dental caries, promoting the development of periodontal diseases and causing oral mucosa lesions, including oral cancer. E-cigarette aerosols might also negatively affect the oral microbiome by suppressing the growth of commensal bacteria and increasing the population of bacteria responsible for developing numerous oral disorders. E-cigarettes also impact saliva composition and its properties, including reducing saliva’s antibacterial and antioxidant properties, which may subsequently lead to the promotion of oral diseases. Conclusions: The outcomes suggest that e-cigarette usage may cause the development of oral diseases, however further longitudinal studies of a larger and homogenous group of e-cigarette users are required. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health)

12 pages, 2079 KiB

Open AccessReview

A Review of White Spot Lesions: Development and Treatment with Resin Infiltration

by Alexandra Maria Prada, Georgiana Ioana Potra Cicalău and Gabriela Ciavoi

Dent. J. 2024, 12(12), 375; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12120375 - 22 Nov 2024

Viewed by 2267

Abstract

White spot lesions (WSLs) are demineralized lesions of the enamel that form in the presence of bacterial plaque, affecting the aesthetics by modifying the refractive index of the enamel, giving the characteristic “chalky” aspect. They have various causes, including fixed orthodontic treatments, improper [...] Read more.

White spot lesions (WSLs) are demineralized lesions of the enamel that form in the presence of bacterial plaque, affecting the aesthetics by modifying the refractive index of the enamel, giving the characteristic “chalky” aspect. They have various causes, including fixed orthodontic treatments, improper hygiene, fluorosis and genetic factors. Background/Objectives: Considering the latest need for dental aesthetics and the popularization of fixed orthodontic treatments, the need to effectively treat WSLs has increased. The objective of this research is to review the development of WSLs and their treatment with resin infiltration. Methods: The PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar databases were searched for relevant reviews and studies. Out of all, 56 were included in this research. Results: Prophylactic measures, such as fluorized toothpaste and varnishes, have limited results. Standard caries treatment is too invasive as it removes too much healthy enamel for obturation retentivity. The resin infiltration resin process does not require drilling or tooth structure loss, making it a painless and minimally invasive treatment. The resin used has a refractive index comparable to that of healthy enamel, consequently restoring aesthetics and ensuring the prevention of caries evolvement. The treatment involves five important steps: prophylaxis, acid demineralization, alcohol drying, resin infiltration and UV light curing. Depending on the clinical case, the demineralization and drying steps may need to be repeated. Conclusions: Infiltrations with resin are painless and well tolerated by patients. Out of all minimally invasive treatments, they have an immediate satisfactory outcome, with results stable for a minimum of 45 months. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health)

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16 pages, 946 KiB

Open AccessReview

Management of Oral Hygiene in Head-Neck Cancer Patients Undergoing Oncological Surgery and Radiotherapy: A Systematic Review

by Jacopo Lanzetti, Federica Finotti, Maria Savarino, Gianfranco Gassino, Alessandro Dell’Acqua and Francesco M. Erovigni

Dent. J. 2023, 11(3), 83; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11030083 - 16 Mar 2023

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 5600

Abstract

Background: In the literature, among oral health prevention programs dedicated to cancer patients, a wide heterogeneity is evident. The purpose of this work is to analyze the available scientific evidence for the treatment of head and neck cancer (HNC) patients undergoing resective surgery [...] Read more.

Background: In the literature, among oral health prevention programs dedicated to cancer patients, a wide heterogeneity is evident. The purpose of this work is to analyze the available scientific evidence for the treatment of head and neck cancer (HNC) patients undergoing resective surgery and radiotherapy and to draw up a diversified oral hygiene protocol during oncological therapy. Methods: PubMed was used as database. Studies published from 2017 to September 2022 were analyzed. Studies investigating the effectiveness of the preventive procedures carried out by the dental professionals in HNC patients undergoing postoperative adjuvant therapy have been taken into account. Results: The application of the search string on PubMed allowed the selection of 7184 articles. The systematic selection of articles led to the inclusion of 26 articles in this review, including 22 RCTs, 3 observational studies, and 1 controlled clinical study. Articles were divided according to the debated topic: the management of radiation-induced mucositis, xerostomia, the efficacy of an oral infection prevention protocol, and the prevention of radiation-induced caries. Conclusions: Dental hygienists are fundamental figures in the management of patients undergoing oncological surgery of the maxillofacial district. They help the patient prevent and manage the sequelae of oncological therapy, obtaining a clear improvement in the quality of life. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health)

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14 pages, 3672 KiB

Open AccessReview

Application of the Extracts of Punica granatum in Oral Cancer: Scoping Review

by Mario Dioguardi, Andrea Ballini, Diego Sovereto, Francesca Spirito, Angela Pia Cazzolla, Riccardo Aiuto, Vito Crincoli, Giorgia Apollonia Caloro and Lorenzo Lo Muzio

Dent. J. 2022, 10(12), 234; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj10120234 - 9 Dec 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2759

Abstract

The Punica granatum L. is an ancient fruit plant native to south-western Asia. It belongs to the Litraceae family and of its genus we have only one other Punica protopunic species. The fruit is rich in polyphenols, whose extract is consumed as a [...] Read more.

The Punica granatum L. is an ancient fruit plant native to south-western Asia. It belongs to the Litraceae family and of its genus we have only one other Punica protopunic species. The fruit is rich in polyphenols, whose extract is consumed as a food and is considered safe. In medicine, it is used for its antioxidant properties; it has a rich component of tannic polyphenols among which the most bioactive are: punicalagin (flavonoids) and anthocyanins (delphinidin, cyanidin, pelargonidin), which are found mainly in the skins and in the pericarp; however, all the parts of the Punica granatum are used for therapeutic purposes as anti-inflammatories and analgesics and in diabetes and cardio-vascular disease. Punica granatum extracts also show interesting anticancer activities in influencing tumorgenesis and angiogenesis and cell transformation and proliferation. The purpose of this scoping review is to summarize all the scientific evidence on the possible applications of Punica granatum extracts in the treatment and prevention of oral cavity tumors to investigate the anticancer properties of the active ingredients extracted from Punica granatum. Methods: The scoping review was carried out following the PRISMA-ScR checklist; the search was performed on three databases (Scopus, Science direct and PubMed) and one registry (Cochrane library). Results: The search produced a number of bibliographic sources equal to 11,403; with the removal of duplicates, 670 potentially admissible articles were obtained, from 24 of which only 7 in vitro studies on OSCC cell lines were included. Conclusions: From the preliminary data on the cellular lines of OSCC, it emerges that for oral cancer there are conditions for which the extracts of Punic granatum are effective at least from a prevention perspective. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health)

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Other

Jump to: Research, Review

12 pages, 7837 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Influence of Calcified Canals Localization on the Accuracy of Guided Endodontic Therapy: A Case Series Study

by Emanuele Ambu, Benedetta Gori, Crystal Marruganti, Giulia Malvicini, Antonietta Bordone, Lorenzo Giberti, Simone Grandini and Carlo Gaeta

Dent. J. 2023, 11(8), 183; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11080183 - 28 Jul 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3361

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the precision of the guided endodontic technique applied to calcified canals in anterior teeth in relation to demographic and dental variables. The present observational study was conducted during the period 2020–2021. The patients were consecutive referrals at the [...] Read more.

This study aimed to evaluate the precision of the guided endodontic technique applied to calcified canals in anterior teeth in relation to demographic and dental variables. The present observational study was conducted during the period 2020–2021. The patients were consecutive referrals at the Department of Endodontics and Conservative Dentistry of the University Hospital of Siena. The guided endodontics protocol was applied using 0.75 mm diameter burs for the lower teeth and 0.90 mm for the upper teeth. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (i) teeth with pulp canal obliteration (PCO) associated with a periapical lesion (periapical index (PAI) ≥ 2); (ii) teeth with PCO that require the placement of a root canal post for the execution of a prosthetic treatment; (iii) teeth in which surgical treatment was not justified. Socio-demographic characteristics of the patients were recorded and related to the drill path accuracy through the guide in the calcified endodontic canal, evaluated through a radiographic analysis, and classified as optimal (in the center of the root canal) and acceptable (deviated peripherally/tangentially). A logistic regression model was built to predict the factors that influence the poor precision of the technique. Seventeen patients (mean age 48 years) with eighteen calcified single-rooted teeth were enrolled. All teeth were associated with periapical lesions with PAI scores from 2 to 5 (mean PAI: 3.055). From the model, it is evident that the presence of a calcification affecting the apical area of the root increases the probability of being off-center with the bur by about 15 times. In addition, a previous attempt at endodontic treatment and the position in the lower arch increases the probability of non-centrality of the drill, although in a non-statistically significant way. In any of the analyzed cases, the guided endodontic technique applied to PCO did not determine the presence of iatrogenic errors, such as perforations. However, the apical localization of the obliteration increases the probability of being off-center with the drill during the instrumentation phase by about 15 times. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health)

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16 pages, 1713 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Etiological Factors of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

by María Lilia A. Juárez-López, Leslie Vanessa Salazar-Treto, Beatriz Hernández-Monjaraz and Nelly Molina-Frechero

Dent. J. 2023, 11(5), 111; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11050111 - 24 Apr 2023

Cited by 24 | Viewed by 7400

Abstract

Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a defect of the dental enamel that predominantly affects first molars and permanent incisors. Identifying the significant risk factors associated with MIH occurrence is essential for the implementation of prevention strategies. The purpose of this systematic review was [...] Read more.

Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a defect of the dental enamel that predominantly affects first molars and permanent incisors. Identifying the significant risk factors associated with MIH occurrence is essential for the implementation of prevention strategies. The purpose of this systematic review was to determine the etiological factors associated with MIH. A literature search was carried out from six databases until 2022; it covered pre-, peri-, and postnatal etiological factors. The PECOS strategy, PRISMA criteria, and the Newcastle–Ottawa scale were used, and 40 publications were selected for qualitative analysis as well as 25 for meta-analysis. Our results revealed an association between a history of illness during pregnancy (OR 4.03 (95% CI, 1.33–12.16), p = 0.01) and low weight at birth (OR 1.23 (95% CI, 1.10–1.38), p = 0.0005). Furthermore, general illness in childhood (OR 4.06 (95% CI, 2.03–8.11), p = 0.0001), antibiotic use (OR 1.76 (95% CI, 1.31–2.37), p = 0.0002), and high fever during early childhood (OR 1.48 (95% CI, 1.18–1.84), p = 0.0005) were associated with MIH. In conclusion, the etiology of MIH was found to be multifactorial. Children with health disorders in the first years of life and those whose mothers underwent illnesses during pregnancy might be more susceptible to MIH. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health)

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