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Electronics
Special Issues
Real-Time Digital Control Technologies and Applications
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Real-Time Digital Control Technologies and Applications

A special issue of Electronics (ISSN 2079-9292). This special issue belongs to the section "Computer Science & Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2023) | Viewed by 7218

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Paweł Piątek

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatics, Computer Science and Biomedical Engineering, Department of Automatic Control and Robotics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
Interests: digital control; real-time control systems; embedded system; intelligent power tools
Prof. Dr. Jaroslav Koton

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Telecommunications, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 12, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
Interests: system modelling; system classification; signal processing

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The present time is a period of rapid development of electronic and information technologies. It is accompanied by lowered costs in the production and implementation of these technologies. Thanks to this, they can be used in devices where advanced control has not been used so far. An example of such devices are, e.g., electric tools. The use of modern electronics can reduce the dimensions of devices, increase their reliability and reduce energy consumption. Advanced control algorithms can have a positive impact on the safety of people's work and reliability of devices. The use of complex electronics, software, and algorithms is a big challenge for the designers of these systems. Therefore, in addition to the development of the technology itself, the development of modern design, implementation and testing methods is very important. It is important to develop methods and tools necessary in the entire process of creating modern devices. The transfer of the newest research results to engineering practice is particularly important. This process is favored by enriching scientific articles with the results of experimental work and confirming scientific results with data from real systems. This Special Issue is dedicated to such papers.

The topics of interest include, but are not limited to:

  • Real-time control system design and application
  • Embedded system design and application
  • Wireless communication for embedded system
  • Advanced algorithm application in embedded systems
  • Power electronic control system
  • Motor control
  • Cyber-physical systems
  • Internet of Things (IoT)

Prof. Dr. Paweł Piątek
Prof. Dr. Jaroslav Koton
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Electronics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • digital real-time control
  • embedded system
  • real-time embedded control application
  • fractional controller application
  • fractional filter application
  • motor control application
  • Internet of Things (IoT)

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 2044 KiB  
Article
Energy Efficient Data Dissemination for Large-Scale Smart Farming Using Reinforcement Learning
by Muhammad Yasir Ali, Abdullah Alsaeedi, Syed Atif Ali Shah, Wael M. S. Yafooz and Asad Waqar Malik
Electronics 2023, 12(5), 1248; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12051248 - 5 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1339
Abstract
Smart farming is essential to increasing crop production, and there is a need to consider the technological advancements of this era; modern technology has helped us to gain more accuracy in fertilizing, watering, and adding pesticides to the crops, as well as monitoring [...] Read more.
Smart farming is essential to increasing crop production, and there is a need to consider the technological advancements of this era; modern technology has helped us to gain more accuracy in fertilizing, watering, and adding pesticides to the crops, as well as monitoring the conditions of the environment. Nowadays, more and more sophisticated sensors are being developed, but on a larger scale, agricultural networks and the efficient management of them is very crucial in order to obtain proper benefits from technology. Our idea is to achieve sustainability in large-scale farms by improving communication between wireless sensor nodes and base stations. We want to increase communication efficiency by introducing machine learning algorithms. Reinforcement learning is the area of machine learning which is concerned with how involved agents are supposed to take action in specified environments to maximize reward and achieve a common goal. In our network, a large number of sensors are being deployed on large-scale fields; reinforcement learning is used to find the optimal set of paths towards the base station. After a number of successful paths have been developed, they are then used to transmit the sensed data from the fields. The simulation results have shown that in larger scales, our proposed model had less transmission delay than the shortest path transmission model and broadcasting techniques that were tested against the data transmission paths developed by reinforcement learning. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Real-Time Digital Control Technologies and Applications)
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15 pages, 18651 KiB  
Article
CLB-Based Development of BiSS-C Interface Master for Motor Encoders
by Duc M. Tran, Kyungah Kim and Joon-Young Choi
Electronics 2023, 12(4), 886; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12040886 - 9 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2770
Abstract
Encoder interfaces should be operated in real time with high precision and fast processing for industrial motor control systems. The continuous bidirectional serial synchronous (BiSS-C) interface is an open-source serial communication protocol designed for motor encoders and is suitable for industrial purposes because [...] Read more.
Encoder interfaces should be operated in real time with high precision and fast processing for industrial motor control systems. The continuous bidirectional serial synchronous (BiSS-C) interface is an open-source serial communication protocol designed for motor encoders and is suitable for industrial purposes because of its fast serial communication speed. In this study, we propose a method for developing a BiSS-C interface master for a motor encoder slave, using only the configurable logic block (CLB) peripheral integrated into TI microcontroller units. By analyzing the detailed operation protocol of the BiSS-C interface, we create the truth and state tables for logic circuits and finite state machines, which are required for the BiSS-C interface master. Then, by programming the CLB based on the created truth and state tables, we implement the master clock, serial peripheral interface (SPI) clock, and operational process for the master. This approach is cost-efficient because additional hardware components, such as a field-programmable gate array or a complex programmable logic device, are not required for the master implementations. The developed method can be immediately applied to developing the masters for other BiSS-C encoders with different specifications, which is certainly necessary for a motor drive development and test. By building an AC motor control system with the developed master and performing various experiments, we verify the performance and practical usefulness of the developed BiSS-C interface master. The maximum master clock frequency without any CRC errors is achieved by 6.25 MHz, which can cope with more than 20 kHz motor control cycle frequency. The usefulness is demonstrated by showing the motor speed and position control performance that are acceptable in real applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Real-Time Digital Control Technologies and Applications)
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16 pages, 2811 KiB  
Article
Data Alignment on Embedded CPUs for Programmable Control Devices
by Marcin Hubacz and Bartosz Trybus
Electronics 2022, 11(14), 2174; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11142174 - 12 Jul 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2281
Abstract
This work aims to investigate the impact of memory access limitations in microcontrollers and microprocessors on the performance of software that deals with binary data. The research area covers control systems that process data from the IEC 61131-3 standard using a software-implemented virtual [...] Read more.
This work aims to investigate the impact of memory access limitations in microcontrollers and microprocessors on the performance of software that deals with binary data. The research area covers control systems that process data from the IEC 61131-3 standard using a software-implemented virtual machine. Three methods of memory access are considered, namely byte access, memory copying, and direct pointer. Tests of these methods are performed on several CPUs with ARM architecture (with variants), MIPS, RISC-V, Quark, and others, often used as hardware platforms for control devices. The tests cover 1-, 2-, 4-, and 8-byte data sizes, which correspond to the integer types of the IEC 61131-3 standard. By analyzing the results covering both unaligned and aligned data, the goal of this paper is to indicate which of the memory access methods is the most efficient for a particular platform. The research is supplemented with an evaluation of power and memory requirements for a group of STM32 microcontrollers. Therefore, the contribution of this paper rests in indicating the most efficient memory access method for each of more than a dozen CPUs intended for control applications, with consideration of power and memory requirements. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Real-Time Digital Control Technologies and Applications)
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