Machine Learning for Biomedical Applications

A special issue of Electronics (ISSN 2079-9292). This special issue belongs to the section "Bioelectronics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 November 2024 | Viewed by 3430

Special Issue Editor


E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Ursinus College, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
Interests: machine learning; passive RF wearable systems for biomedical classification; IoT sensor-actuator systems; computer science education

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue of Electronics on Machine Learning for Biomedical Applications aims to showcase and synthesize the pillars of the end-to-end connected pipeline of sensor data collection and/or storage, processing, decision-making, actuation, and security of biomedical sensor systems. In this issue, we will explore current trends and challenges in biomedical systems and machine learning tools and techniques for processing their data in biomedically meaningful ways, with a specific aim of facilitating practical application, expansion, and scale of the techniques presented. The purpose of this Special Issue is to enable researchers to a) rapidly define the current state-of-the-art in wireless/ubiquitous sensor systems for biomedical applications, b) to apply machine learning to wireless/ubiquitous sensor signals for real-time or near-real-time decisioning, and c) to identify current trends and gaps for future work in learning techniques, security and privacy, cloud- and edge processing, and considerations for efficient computing in constrained environments. An omnipresent concern underlying each of these facets is the need for responsible machine learning and transparent decisioning as well as effective human–machine interfaces to promote a safe and seamless user experience, and this issue aims to highlight the current state and ongoing need for responsible and ethical development and use of machine learning. Accepted articles will build upon existing literature by offering surveys of existing work across each pillar of the ecosystem and showcasing compelling biomedical applications that build upon leading-edge tools and techniques as well as the unique challenges of applying machine learning to biomedical applications such as generalization of training data, using unsupervised learning for real-time and near-real-time applications, and adapting estimates to noisy ground truth observations. In addition, wireless systems present unique challenges including security and privacy considerations on collected data, power constraints on ubiquitous, wearable, or passive wireless sensors, and shifting computation between the cloud, edge, and hybrid environments as well as between the physical and processing layers. By exploring novel solutions to these unique challenges, we seek to enhance the current state of machine learning systems in biomedical applications as well as basic research in machine learning techniques broadly. Thus, this Special Issue presents a holistic view of human-centric machine learning on biomedical systems.

Dr. William M. Mongan 
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Electronics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biomedical sensor systems
  • biomedical machine learning
  • wireless Internet-of-Things sensors and actuators
  • wearable sensors
  • wireless biomedical security and privacy
  • passive and energy-constrained biomedical sensor systems
  • human-centric biomedical wireless machine learning

Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue

  • Ease of navigation: Grouping papers by topic helps scholars navigate broad scope journals more efficiently.
  • Greater discoverability: Special Issues support the reach and impact of scientific research. Articles in Special Issues are more discoverable and cited more frequently.
  • Expansion of research network: Special Issues facilitate connections among authors, fostering scientific collaborations.
  • External promotion: Articles in Special Issues are often promoted through the journal's social media, increasing their visibility.
  • e-Book format: Special Issues with more than 10 articles can be published as dedicated e-books, ensuring wide and rapid dissemination.

Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (3 papers)

Order results
Result details
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:

Research

21 pages, 6541 KiB  
Article
Comparison of Machine Learning Models for Predicting Interstitial Glucose Using Smart Watch and Food Log
by Haider Ali, Imran Khan Niazi, David White, Malik Naveed Akhter and Samaneh Madanian
Electronics 2024, 13(16), 3192; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13163192 - 12 Aug 2024
Viewed by 364
Abstract
This study examines the performance of various machine learning (ML) models in predicting Interstitial Glucose (IG) levels using data from wrist-worn wearable sensors. The insights from these predictions can aid in understanding metabolic syndromes and disease states. A public dataset comprising information from [...] Read more.
This study examines the performance of various machine learning (ML) models in predicting Interstitial Glucose (IG) levels using data from wrist-worn wearable sensors. The insights from these predictions can aid in understanding metabolic syndromes and disease states. A public dataset comprising information from the Empatica E4 smart watch, the Dexcom Continuous Glucose Monitor (CGM) measuring IG, and a food log was utilized. The raw data were processed into features, which were then used to train different ML models. This study evaluates the performance of decision tree (DT), support vector machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Gaussian Naïve Bayes (GNB), lasso cross-validation (LassoCV), Ridge, Elastic Net, and XGBoost models. For classification, IG labels were categorized into high, standard, and low, and the performance of the ML models was assessed using accuracy (40–78%), precision (41–78%), recall (39–77%), F1-score (0.31–0.77), and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Regression models predicting IG values were evaluated based on R-squared values (−7.84–0.84), mean absolute error (5.54–60.84 mg/dL), root mean square error (9.04–68.07 mg/dL), and visual methods like residual and QQ plots. To assess whether the differences between models were statistically significant, the Friedman test was carried out and was interpreted using the Nemenyi post hoc test. Tree-based models, particularly RF and DT, demonstrated superior accuracy for classification tasks in comparison to other models. For regression, the RF model achieved the lowest RMSE of 9.04 mg/dL with an R-squared value of 0.84, while the GNB model performed the worst, with an RMSE of 68.07 mg/dL. A SHAP analysis identified time from midnight as the most significant predictor. Partial dependence plots revealed complex feature interactions in the RF model, contrasting with the simpler interactions captured by LDA. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Machine Learning for Biomedical Applications)
Show Figures

Graphical abstract

18 pages, 2964 KiB  
Article
Initial Development and Analysis of a Context-Aware Burn Resuscitation Decision-Support Algorithm
by Yi-Ming Kao, Ghazal Arabidarrehdor, Babita Parajuli, Eriks E. Ziedins, Melissa M. McLawhorn, Cameron S. D’Orio, Mary Oliver, Lauren Moffatt, Shane K. Mathew, Edward J. Kelly, Bonnie C. Carney, Jeffrey W. Shupp, David M. Burmeister and Jin-Oh Hahn
Electronics 2024, 13(14), 2713; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13142713 - 11 Jul 2024
Viewed by 501
Abstract
Burn patients require high-volume intravenous resuscitation with the goal of restoring global tissue perfusion to make up for burn-induced loss of fluid from the vasculature. Clinical standards of burn resuscitation are predominantly based on urinary output, which is not context-aware because it is [...] Read more.
Burn patients require high-volume intravenous resuscitation with the goal of restoring global tissue perfusion to make up for burn-induced loss of fluid from the vasculature. Clinical standards of burn resuscitation are predominantly based on urinary output, which is not context-aware because it is not a trustworthy indicator of tissue perfusion. This paper investigates the initial development and analysis of a context-aware decision-support algorithm for burn resuscitation. In this context, we hypothesized that the use of a more context-aware surrogate of tissue perfusion may enhance the efficacy of burn resuscitation in normalizing cardiac output. Toward this goal, we exploited the arterial pulse wave analysis to discover novel surrogates of cardiac output. Then, we developed the cardiac output-enabled burn resuscitation decision-support (CaRD) algorithm. Using experimental data collected from animals undergoing burn injury and resuscitation, we conducted an initial evaluation and analysis of the CaRD algorithm in comparison with the commercially available Burn NavigatorTM algorithm. Combining a surrogate of cardiac output with urinary output in the CaRD algorithm has the potential to improve the efficacy of burn resuscitation. However, the improvement achieved in this work was only marginal, which is likely due to the suboptimal tuning of the CaRD algorithm with the limited available dataset. In this way, the results showed both promise and challenges that are crucial to future algorithm development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Machine Learning for Biomedical Applications)
Show Figures

Figure 1

21 pages, 2543 KiB  
Article
Assessing the Reliability of Machine Learning Models Applied to the Mental Health Domain Using Explainable AI
by Vishnu Pendyala and Hyungkyun Kim
Electronics 2024, 13(6), 1025; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13061025 - 8 Mar 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1743
Abstract
Machine learning is increasingly and ubiquitously being used in the medical domain. Evaluation metrics like accuracy, precision, and recall may indicate the performance of the models but not necessarily the reliability of their outcomes. This paper assesses the effectiveness of a number of [...] Read more.
Machine learning is increasingly and ubiquitously being used in the medical domain. Evaluation metrics like accuracy, precision, and recall may indicate the performance of the models but not necessarily the reliability of their outcomes. This paper assesses the effectiveness of a number of machine learning algorithms applied to an important dataset in the medical domain, specifically, mental health, by employing explainability methodologies. Using multiple machine learning algorithms and model explainability techniques, this work provides insights into the models’ workings to help determine the reliability of the machine learning algorithm predictions. The results are not intuitive. It was found that the models were focusing significantly on less relevant features and, at times, unsound ranking of the features to make the predictions. This paper therefore argues that it is important for research in applied machine learning to provide insights into the explainability of models in addition to other performance metrics like accuracy. This is particularly important for applications in critical domains such as healthcare. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Machine Learning for Biomedical Applications)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Back to TopTop